MmjtL 
[Composed Kxpressly Tor Moore’s Xiixral Naw-Yorkor.] 
inti)' 
Melody by C. M. H. H. Harmonized by J. M. HUBBARD. 
Andante, 
SOPRANO. 
POLAND UNDER-GROUND 
A VISIT PflOM 8T. NICHOLAS 
nr CLEMK.VT 0. MOOKK 
am old, And withorod grown and gray ; When youth’s clear light has left mine eye. And I Yn no Iong-er gay ? 
es long Have fad - ed from my cheek, Who then will Us - ten to my voice ? Who’ll answer when I speak ? 
Twas the night before Christmas, when all thro’ the hous 
Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse: 
The stockings were nil bung by the chimney with care, 
In hopes til st St Nicholas soon would be there j 
The children wen? uesded all mug in their beds, 
While visions of sugar plums danced in their heads; 
And Mamma iu her kerchief and i in my cap, 
Had just settled our brains for a long Winter's nap 
When out on the hi*rn l heard such a clatter, 
I sprang fioro my bed to see what was the matter; 
Away to the window 1 flew llkn a flash, 
Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash. 
The moon on tile breast of the new-fallen snow 
Have the lustre of mid-day to objects below, 
When what to rny wonde'hlg eyes should appear, 
But a miniature sleigh ami eight tiny reindeer, 
With a little old driver so Lively and quick, 
I knew in a moment it must im St Nick. 
More rapid than eaglea his coursers they came. 
And he whistled and shouted and called them hy name : 
‘"Now Dasher I uow Dancer I now Pranoer I and Vixen! 
On Comet! on Cupid ! on Donderl and Blixen I 
To the top of the porch, to the top of the wall, 
Nuw dash away I dash away I dash away all!” 
As dry leaves that before tho wild hurricane fly 
When they meet with an obstacle mount, to the sky, 
So up to tlie housetop the coursers they flew, 
With the sleigh full of toys and St. Nicholas too 
And then in a twinkling I heard on tin? roof 
The prancing and pawing of each little hoof; 
As f drew in iny head and was turning around, 
Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound; 
tie w as dressed all in fur from his bead to bis foot, 
And his clothes were all tarnished with allies and soot; 
A bundle of toys he had flung on hD hack, 
And he looked like a peddler out;ing his pack. 
His eyes—now they twinkled t his dimples how merry 1 
Ilia cheeks worn like roses, his nose like a cherry ! 
His dear little mouth was drawn up like a how, 
And the beard on his chin was as white as the snow; 
The stump of a pipe lie held light In his teeth, 
And tlie smoke, it encircled his head like a wreath. 
He had a broad lace and little round belly, 
That shook when lie laughed like a bowlful of Jelly; 
lie was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf, 
And I laughed when I saw him in spite of myself; 
A ivltik of his eye and a twist, of bis head 
Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread. 
He spoke uot a word, but went Straight to his work, 
And lilted all the stockings; then turned with a jerk. 
And laj itig his linger aside of li Is nose, 
And giving a nod up the chimney he rose. 
Ho sprang to his sleigh, to hie team gave a whistle, 
And away they all flew 1 ke the dowu of a thistle— 
But I heard him exclaim, e re he drove out of sight, 
“A Merry Christmas to ail, and to all a good night!" 
ALT'*. 
All! who will lovo me when I’m old; When friends of youth are fled; When cherished hearts, that lov’d me well, Are numbered with the dead? 
When I am old, ah ! who will choose Near at my 3ide to stay? Who then will list to hear my step, Or miss me when a - way ? 
TKNO R. 
5. Who, who will cheer me when 1’m old, Should I in sor-row sigh? On whose fond bo - som can I lean When I am called to die? 
6. When I am dead, a - las! who’ll mourn That I’m no long-er here? Who then will care to shed o’er me Af - fec-t ion’s bit - ter tear? 
BASK. 
trap-door is then closed over them, aud the main 
party arrange themselves for the descent. The 
doors are again opened, and at, a given signal the 
whole party disappear from the surface of the earth. 
Once more the trap doors are closed, and now the 
descent commences. It was not without an impres¬ 
sive feeling of I he uncerlaint? ot human afFdrstba* 
I glanced around me at the ribbed walls of the 
ptiaft, as we went whirling down through thi- 
gloomy abyss. Nothing was more natural than to 
cling with convulsive tenacity to the slender cords 
hy which 1 was supporled, and ask. for the second 
time, “ Is the rope strong?” 
The sensation of being Ihus lowered into the 
enrlh was startling and peculiar. Overhead the 
wheel over which tho rope ran was whirling rapidly: 
but the sound of the machinery was quickly lost, 
and the sifence was complete. Not tlie slightest jar 
or evidence of life broke the intense stillness. 
Down, lower and lower, we floated with an appall¬ 
ing steadiness. Tho sides of the shaft presented 
nothing but an obscure wall of massive timbers 
Above, all was darkness; below, the dim rays o< 
the lamps cast a strange and ghastly light- upon 
every object. The effect, was indescribable—fin it 
•we were descending through chaos in a nightmare. 
The world seemed to be broken up, and we, a rem¬ 
nant of its inhabitants, sinking down through an 
everlasting obscurity among its fragmetifs. 
In a few minutes we touched bottom; or rather, 
by something like instinct, the machine stopped 
just as we reached ihe base of the shah, and allowed 
us to glide off gently on the firm earth. We were 
now at. the first stage of our journey, having de¬ 
scended something over two hundred feet. The 
ramifications of Ibe various tunnels are so intricate 
and extensive, that they may be said to resemble 
more the streets of a large city than a series of 
excavations made in the bowels of the earth. These 
subterranean passages are. named after various 
kings and emperors, and diverge in every direction, 
opening at intervals into spacious caverns and 
apartments, aud undermining the country for a dis¬ 
tance of several miles. Some of them pass entirety 
under tho town of Wieliczka. Iu general, they are 
supported by massive beams ot wood, and where 
the overhanging masses of salt require a slit! 
stronger support, they are sustained by immense 
columns of the original stratum. In former times, 
almost all the passages were upheld by pillars of 
salt, but wherever it has been practicable, these 
have been removed and beams ot timber substi¬ 
tuted. The first stratum consists of an amalgam of 
salt and dark-colored clay. Deeper down come 
alternate strata of marl, pebbles, sand, and blocks 
of crystal salt. The inferior or green salt is nearest 
to the surface; the crystal, called scMlika, lies in 
the deeper parts. 
From the subordinate officer sent by the Inspector- 
General to accompany us, I learned many interest¬ 
ing particulars in reference to the manner of pro¬ 
curing the salt. He also told some amusing legends 
of the, prominent places, and furbished me with 
some statistics which, if true, are certainly wonder¬ 
ful. For instance, to traverse the vaiious passages 
and chambers embraced within the four distinct 
stories of which the mines consist, and see every 
object of interest, would require three weeks. The 
aggregate length of the whole is four hundred 
English miles; the greatest depth yet reached is two 
thousand three hundred feet. The number of work¬ 
men employed in the various operations under¬ 
ground. exclusive of those above, is upward of a 
thousand. The amount of salt annually dug out is 
two hundred millions of pounds, which, at the aver¬ 
age market value, would be worth ten millions of 
gulden. Immense as this yield is, it is inconsidera¬ 
ble, taking into view the unlimited capacity of the 
mines. With proper machinery, and a judicious 
investment of labor, the quantify of suit that might 
be excavated is almost beyond conjecture. 
It is natural to suppose that the air in these vast 
subterranean passages must be impure, and conse¬ 
quently deleterious to health. Such, however, does 
not appear to be the case. It is both dry and pure, 
and, so far as 1 could judge by breathing it. not in 
the least oppressive. The miners are said to be 
remarkable tor longevity. Several of them, ac¬ 
cording to the guide, have worked in the mines for 
forty years, and have never been sick a day. The 
equanimity of the temperature is probably condu¬ 
cive to health. Only a few degrees of variation ore 
shown by the thermometer between summer and 
winter. It, is true that in some of the deepest 
recesses, which are not sufficiently ventilated, hy¬ 
drogen gas occasionally collects. In one Instance, 
it cnight fire and caused the loss of many lives; 
but precautions have since been taken to prevent 
similar accidents. 
I was greatly impressed by the profound silence 
of these vast caverns. When we stood still, the 
utter absence of sound was appalling. The falling 
of a pin would have been a relief. Not evuu the 
faintest vibration In the air was perceptible. No 
desert could be more silent —no solitude more 
awful. I stood apart from the guides and lamp- 
bearers in a separate vault, at the distance ot a few 
hundred feet, in order that I might fully appreciate 
this profound inerlion, and it really seemed as it 
the world were no more. 
From some of these tunnels we emerged info 
open caverns, where a few workmen were employed 
at their dreary labors. I was surprised that there 
were not more to be seen, but was informed that 
they are scattered in small parlies through mites ot 
earth, so that the number is not apparent to the 
casual visitor. As wo approached the places where 
they were at work, the dull clicking of the picks 
and hammers produced a singular effect through 
the vast solitudes; as if the gnomes, supposed to 
inhabit gloomy pits, were busily engaged at their 
diabolical arts. 
We came suddenly upon one group of workmen, 
under a shelving ledge, who were occupied in 
detaching masses of crystallized salt from a cleft in 
Although I was not favored with asiiuilar display 
in honor of my sovereignty as a citizen of the 
United States, yet, by the aid of the rockets and 
oiher tire-works furnished by the Llerr Inspector- 
General of Workmen, and the natural grandeur of 
the Chamber, hewn as it is out of the solid rock of 
salt, I was enabled to form a vivid idea of the mag¬ 
nificence of the display on royal occasions. 
******* 
In 1815, a fire broke out, owing to the carelessness 
of some workmen, and several hundred lives were 
lost. The smoke extended all through the mines, 
and those of the panic-stricken operatives who were 
distant from the main shafts commnuicaiiog with 
t to surface of tho earth, were suffocated while 
attempting to escape. Others in their flight fled at, 
random, and falling into deep pits were dashed to 
atoms. Iu 1644 a very destructive fire took place 
All the wood-work was seized by the devouring 
flumes. Men and horses were roasted to death, and 
many of the workmen who escaped subsequently 
died of their injuries. This was one of the most 
fearful conflagrations on record, it lasted aa entire 
year. The chamhers and tunnels, deprived of their 
support, fell together in many places, causing 
immense destruction to the works. Even a consid¬ 
erable portion of the town of Wieliczka sauk into 
the earth, and was engulfed in the general ruin. 
I asked the old Commissioner it accidents of any 
kind were frequent at present. Ills answer was, 
that very lew accidents had occurred for several 
years past. It was almost impossible that a tire 
could now take place, owing to the strict police 
regulations, and Ihu facility for extinguishing flames 
at any point. Casual ties to the workmen by the 
caving of banks, decay of platforms, or falling into 
pits, were also of very rare occur rence. 
The deepest point, yet reached is 620 feet below 
the level of the sea. We Jid not descend into this 
shaft; but our guide, 111 order to convince us of its 
great depth, caused the attendants to throw some 
board? into it. If 1 were to judge by the sounds, I 
should say the boards were going down yet. 
The salt-mines of Wieliczka are interesting not 
only in themselves but in a historical point of view. 
They have been worked for more than Eeven hun¬ 
dred years. In the tenth century, salt was dug out 
of them; and in the year 1240, under (he govern¬ 
ment of Bolesluus, they became an important source 
ot revenue. For several centuries ihey were held 
and worked by tho Polish kings. In 1815 they were 
assigned to the Emperor of Austria by the treaty of 
Vienna, and since that period have contributed 
largely to keep the Poles in subjection. 
H. does not look so sour as the teacher last summer 
did, nor press her hands to her head as if it was 
aching, and say, ‘Ob, what noise and confusion.’” 
“May-be you were noisier last summer.” 
“I guess we were,” says Willik, thoughtfully 
aud slowly, ‘‘for we used to ask her questions two 
or three times, may-be, when we wanted some¬ 
thing; noio, we can get everything necessary asking 
one time and save lots ot noise.” 
Well, W. W; B, Willie has told you all about it, 
better than I could. Hattie. 
Alpine, Mich., Nov., 1362. 
[Written for .Moore's Rural New-Yorker.] 
CHARACTER. 
When wo loolc back over the history of the past, 
or about us at the present time, and see here and 
there a name singled out from its contemporaries 
to go down to the future, as a model anil a guide, 
does not the question arise in every mind, espe¬ 
cially those just, starting on the great journey of 
tile, Whence this difference? None will deny the 
power of genius, yet wilt not a careful study prove, 
beyond ft doubt, that something more potent even 
than genius itself has wrought out these results?— 
and ia not that power firm, unbending integrity of 
character—that which underlies every life as the 
solid strata does the hills and dales, giving them 
contour aud shape? It may sink till the surfuce be 
only a desolate waste, or may rise, grand in its 
lolly proportions, a fit waymark for coming genera¬ 
tions. 
Moral worth is the only true basis of character. 
Wealth and position, without it, are powerless; and 
every day, if we watch the world about us, will we 
see some who have made these their foundation, 
sink to their just level, not always to rise again. 
Talent, without this aid, bas a short-lived sway—a 
meteor glare soon to give place to the gloom ol 
oblivion; yet, with it, what a mighty power may 
that same t dent wield. The deathless character of 
a Washinoto.v had this for a foundation. Foe as 
well as friend acknowledged its power, and granted 
him the meed of true greatness. Yet had one mean 
act, some slight selfishness tarnished that life, how 
different would it have been! His most noble 
examples would have lost half their force, and, 
CitOMWELL-like, his greatest self devotion would 
have been criticised and depreciated. 
Do tho young ot our country sufficiently appre¬ 
ciate the worth of integrity? At a time like this, 
when rebellion is making our nation to tremble— 
when war and relaxed civil law are scattering their 
evils broadcast over the laud—was there ever a 
moment that demanded such decision and firmness 
of character? When every day exposes so much 
fraud and deceit—when we see its need in every 
department of life, private and public—is there uot, 
if possible, ail increased necessity that the young 
should bo imbued with a firmer love for true integ¬ 
rity of character? J. A. Smith. 
Milton Academy. Wis., 1862. 
A WORD TO EOYS AND GIRLS ABOUT ORDER. 
it i 3 cut into cylindrical blocks, and exported in 
that form to Russia. Tho finer qualities are crushed 
and packed in barrels lor exportation to various 
parts off l’russia and Austria. * 
Alter a long and interesting journey through 
various subterranean streets and caverns, we 
emerged into the chamber of Michelavvic, which is 
of such vast proportions that it is difficult for the 
eye to penetrate its mysterious gloom. A magnifi¬ 
cent chandelier, cut. out of the crystal salt, hangs 
from the ceiling. On grand occasions this is bril¬ 
liantly lighted, and rich strains of music reverbe¬ 
rate through the chamber. Nothing can equal the 
stupendous effects of a full band of brass instru¬ 
ments performing in this vast cavern. The sounds 
art* filing buck from wall to wall, And float upward, 
whirling from ledge to ledge, till the ear loses them 
in the distance; then down they fall again with a 
fullness and volume almost supernatural. It ia 
impossible to determine from what quarter they 
emanate, whether from above or below; so rich, 
varied, and confusing is the reverberation. Our 
guide, in a tine, mellow voice, sang ns a ininiog 
song to test tho effects, and I must say I never 
heard such music before. Indeed, so inspiring was 
it, that I could not refrain from a snatch of my own 
favorite melody, 
“ Oil, California I you’re tlie land for me ! ” 
And when I heard it repeated by a thousand mys¬ 
terious spirits of the air, and hurled back at me 
from each crystallized point of the cavern, the 
effect was so fine that I was struck perfectly dumb 
with astonishment. Lablache never made such 
music iu his life, and no other singer ot my acquaint¬ 
ance would be worthy of attempting it. 
Soon after leaving the Chamber of Michelawic we 
passed over a series of wooden loot-ways and cor¬ 
ridors, extending a distance of fifteen hundred feet, 
through a great variety of apartments and nigged 
passages, named after the royal families of Poland 
and Austria. There were courts, and imperial 
rooms, and obelisks; chapels, shrines, saints, and 
martyrs; long rows of niches, containing statues of 
the old Kings of Poland—all cut out of the solid 
salt. The design and execution of some of these 
were admirable, and the effect was gratifying as 
well from the artistic skill displayed as the pecu¬ 
liarity of the rnalcri tl. * * " 
We next visited the stables in which the horses 
are kept for hauling the salt on the subterranean 
railways. Many of those horses, it is said, never 
see daylight from the time they enter the mines. 
Iu the course of a few weekR they lose their sight. 
A film gradually grows over their eyes—from what 
cause I could not ascertain. It may tie the effects 
of the salt or long-continued darkness—though it 
does not appear that the miners suffer any inconve¬ 
nience in this respect. I remember reading of some 
fish without auy eyes at all found in the Mammoth 
Cave In Kentucky. Possibly having but little use 
for sight, the horses of Wieliczka go blind from a 
natural disposition to accommodate themselves to 
circumstances. 
After visiting many chapels and shrines cut out of 
the solid salt, we emerged into the Chamber of 
Letow, the magnificent Saloon of Entertainment, 
where, on grand occasions, such as the visit of the 
Emperor or any member of the Imperial family, 
the whole of this vast chamber is brilliautly illumi¬ 
nated. Six splendid chandeliers, carved from the 
crystal salt, hang lrom the ceiling. An alcove at 
the upper end, approached by a series of steps, con¬ 
tains a throue of green and ruby-colored salt, upon 
which the Emperor sits. Transparent pictures and 
devices are arranged in the back-ground, to give 
additional splendor to the Imperial boudoir, and 
the crystallizations with which the walls glitter 
reflect the many colored lights with aduzzlingetfect. 
The door-ways, statues and columns are decorated 
with flowers and evergreens; the floors are sprinkled 
with salts of various hues; the galleries are fes¬ 
tooned with flag3; and the whole chamber is aglow' 
with transparencies and brilliant lights. 
For Little Readers. — Never tease. When your 
parents or teachers say be still, say “ Amen, 
all right, father knows best, 1 must submit Cheerfully, 
without a scowl or murmur." A spirit of teasing is 
a spirit of selfishness aud rebellion. It is as much 
as to say, “ Father I’ll have my way; I know best. 
Mother, I know better than you, let me do as I 
please.” 
Be neat. Jack Spruce was a neat boy. He had 
a brush lor his clothes, and kept them clean and nice. 
He would not run into the mud, and thus splash his 
legs and wet his feet, nor did he kick up the dust; 
and when he came in fie would rub his feet on the 
mat, and hang up his hat upon his own hook. No 
one saw him with dirt upon his hands, nor with a 
rough head of hair, so he was at alt times fit to be 
seen. He did not tear his book or blot it, or ink his 
hands at school. 
[Written for Moore's Rural New-Yorker.] 
WHISPERING IN SCHOOL. 
“The best way to rid a school of this evil would 
certainly be very valuable, and any way quite ac¬ 
ceptable,” suys W. W. Byi'noton, in his article 
under the above title in the Rural of Nov. 1st. I 
will tell you rny “ way.” Alter you have tried it, 
you may judge whether it is the “ best way,” “very 
valuable,” or even “ quite acceptable.” I have pur¬ 
sued the plan for three terms, and last summer used 
“Atwater’s School Government,” which is an 
invaluable help. 
When this plan is adopted, each earns his own 
presents, and they, therefore, are more valuable, 
when obtained by great sacrifice. There can be no 
partiality used; all is done in a just, right, and 
equable manner. Each parent, at. evening, may 
know whether the scholar has been “ good ” during 
ihe day. You may be discouraged, sometimes, when 
you see the parent takes no interest, and the scholar 
even refuses to take the “check,” or sullenly diso¬ 
beys that he may not merit it; the?i “ speak gently,” 
“ ’Tis better far to rule by love than /ear.” 
But you will often see the sparkling eye and joy¬ 
ous smile, as the little one, with bounding step, 
gains home, exclaiming, “See my check, mother,” 
and the happiness h > can not canceal at her sentence 
of approbation. But the joy is greater still, when 
five “checks” have been received, and he holds a 
neat little ticket, on which is printed a sweet little 
verse; or interesting tact, he sits dowu to read the 
verse, and “learn it by heart.” “And, mother, 
when t get five tickets I can exchange them for a 
‘reward,’ to have for my own; they are as large as 
three tickets, and much prettier, with pictures as 
well as reading.” 
“Well, my boy,” 6ays the kind mother,“ isn’t that 
better than to be whispering, and making so much 
noise.” 
“Oh, yes,” says Willie, quickly. “But, it was 
real hard to keep from communicating, at first, 
e-pecially when Bill Seymour kept trying to 
make me, just to disobey the teacher; but he doesn’t 
now, and is going to try to get a reward. lie says 
he don’t care anything for it, of itself, but just so he 
can show his parents he can do right it he tides.” 
“ For a day or two past we have a new rule. If 
we are tardy, have poor lessons, or play in school, 
wc lose one check. Our teacher did uot speak of 
lhat till we drove the enemy , Whispering, (the old 
rebel. J away. The teacher says he tries to break up 
a good school, just as hard as the Southerners try 
to destroy our Government. She told us so the first 
day, and all ot us voted to drive him away except 
Bill Seymour. Oh, you ought to come down to 
school, mother, it’s so still and pleasant there. We 
have two whispering recesses of a few minutes each, 
every day, when we can whisper, leave our seats, 
get a drink, or obtain help about our lessons. Miss 
Education in Wisconsin.— We gather from the 
Wisconsin .Journal of Education, the following 
statements concerning the affairs of public schools 
of the State:—Whole school district*, 3,762; parts of 
districts,—21 being reckoned as equal to one whole 
district,—1,792; children over 4 aud under 20 years 
of age, 299,133; 194264 of these attended school; 
pupils under 4 years of age, 2.013; pupils over 20 
years old, 2,1<1G; estimated number of pupils in pri¬ 
vate schools, 8,000. The schools have been kept 
open, on an average, six months. Estimated num¬ 
ber of male teachers, 2,400; female. 3 G00; total, 6,- 
000; of whom only 3,500 were teaching at any one 
time. The monthly wages of mate teachers 
amounted to $23.01; of female leachci'ss, to $14 02. 
The school expenses were $723,124. There are 
now in the State 4 211 schoolbouses, valued at $],- 
302,720. The highest valuation of any schoolhouse 
is $33,000; the lowest, 3 cents!! 
How TO MAKE M.VOIC LANTERN SLIDES BY THE 
Process of Diapiianie.— The colors used in paint¬ 
ing magic lantern slides are those which are trans¬ 
parent, such as the lakes, sap-green, Prussian blue, 
distilled verdigris, gamboge, &c., ground in oil, aud 
tempered with mastic varnish. Copal varnish may 
bo used in the dark shades. Draw on paper the 
subject you intend to paint, and fix it at each end 
to the glass; trace the outlines of the design with 
a tine hair pencil in strong tints in their proper 
colors, and, when these are dry, fill up in their 
proper tints, shade with black, bistre and Vaudyke 
brown, as you find convenient,— Arthur's Magazine. 
Charm ok tiie Classics. —The classics possess a 
charm quite independent of genius. It is not their 
genius only which makes them attractive ; it is the 
classic life—the life of the people of that day; it is 
the image there only to be seen of our highest natu¬ 
ral powers iu their freshest vigor; it is the unattain¬ 
able grace of the prime of manhood ; it is the per¬ 
vading sense of youthful beauty. Hence, while we 
have elsewhere great poems and great histories, we 
never find agaiu that universal radiance of fresh 
life which makes even tho most common-place relics 
of classic days models for our highest art .—Temple. 
Soldiers’ Pets. —Soldiers are very fond of pets. 
In the absence of mothers, sisters, and young ladies, 
to lavish their affections upon, they steal all the 
pretty kittens and dogs they can find in the road, 
and treat, them with the utmost kindness. I saw a 
soldier to-day with a Maltese bit ten sitting on the 
top of his knapsack, which he told me he had 
brought all the way from the Peninsula. It was 
fat and sleek, and would perform a great many 
tricks which he had taught it. That soldier will 
fight all the better for having even a kitten to pet 
aud talk to .—Army Cor. N. Y. Tribune. 
Curiosity.— Curiosity in children should not be 
checked. No matter how inquisitive or trouble¬ 
some with questions a ehild may be; its curiosi'y 
only needs to be directed—to be turned into proper 
channels. Curiosity is a very large element in that 
insatiable thirst foreknowledge that leads to such 
vast results in scholarship. Cultivate and direct 
it. If your child asks foolish questions, show it 
how to become interested in something that will 
lead to sensible questions A child largely endowed 
with curiosity is a child of good promise. 
Bird's Fly.— This is a very simple gamp, in 
which all the players place a finger on the table, 
or on the knees ot the conductor of the game, to 
be raised in the air when tho conductor says — 
“Birds fly” “Pigeons (or any winged object in 
natural history,) Jit/.” If he names a non-winged 
animal, and any player raises bis hand in distrac¬ 
tion, the latter pays a foiieit — the same in case 
of his neglecting to raise it at the name of the bird 
or winged iusect. 
Create a taste in youth for good books, and the 
pleasures of literature will supply the pluceof those 
grosser pleasures that lead astray the unthinking 
It ia the will xnadestrong bycultivation that enables 
a man to resist the cravings of those appetites whore 
indulgence brings death. The ignorant man must 
of necessity be a man of narrow views and strong 
prejudices; and even in questions which involve 
great moral principles he is quite as likely to be 
wrong as right. The safe man in society is the man 
who is competent to do his own thinking. 
“Either be silent, or say something that is better 
than silence,” was the advice of an old heathen, 
which it would be well for all talkers to remember. 
