381 
The following table will help to make the sequence of the beds represented 
in the Mallee bores more clearly understood :— 
Deposits. 
Maximum 
Thickness 
in Feet. 
Stage. 
Brown, fibrous, sandy loam, sometimes underlain 
by pink lacustrine limestone, also steatitic clays, 
white and ferruginous sands, sometimes with a 
dull polish, and angular to sub-angular grains 
148 
Holocene and Pleistocene 
Estuarine sands with brackish water and marine 
shells 
163 
Newer Pliocene (Werri- 
kooian) 
Green sands and shell-marls with Olycimeris con - 
vexus and Limopsia beaumariensis 
92 
Older Pliocene (Kalim¬ 
nan) 
Green sands, white marls, cherts, polyzoal rock, 
with fish-remains and abundance of Fibularia 
gregata, Echinocyamus (Scutellina) patella, and 
Terebratulina catinuliformis 
333 
Miocene (Janjukian with 
a Gambierian 1 facies) 
8. EVIDENCE OF CLIMATIC ZONES. 
The Janjukian Climate. 
The oldest of the Tertiary beds of the “Murray Gulf” area belongs to the 
Janjukian series of Hall and Pritchard. The typical Spring Creek fauna, upon 
which the above term was based, comprises, at Torquay, both the molluscan 
facies below and the polyzoal facies above. In the '‘Murray Gulf” the condi¬ 
tions giving rise to these two sets of beds seem to have been reversed, for we 
find the polyzoal limestone in the deeper parts of the bores, and the glauconite 
sands and shell marls above, passing insensibly into the Kalimnan beds. 
The life forms of this series were very numerous, and the fauna must 
be one of the richest assemblages known. This is borne out by the record of 
species in the present report. So far as I have been able to ascertain, up to 
the present more than 1,244 species of marine fossils have been described 
from this formation ; and with careful research, especially amongst the 
smaller forms, this number could be largely augmented. The numbers of 
the forms in each group are as follows :— 
Plants 
4 
Pelecypoda 
.. 178 
Foraminifera .. 
.. 167 
Gasteropoda 
.. 348 
Sponges 
3 
Ostracoda .. 
43 
Corals 
39 
Cirripedes .. 
4 
Echinoids 
22 
Crustacea .. 
1 
Worms 
4 
Fishes 
27 
Polyzoa 
Brachiopoda .. 
.. 365 
32 
Mammalia .. 
7 
These faunal totals are computed from the fossil lists of Victoria, South 
Australia and Tasmania. 
These facts are in accordance with what is known of the rich Miocene 
faunas elsewhere, and can be partially explained from two stand-points t 
first, the genial climatic conditions ; second, the great variety of the con¬ 
ditions of the shore-line consequent upon extensive diastrophic movements 
of the earth’s crust and general prevalence of subsidence along coastal 
areas. 
Several hitherto supposed extinct forms of mollusca from this and the 
next older and younger stages have been lately discovered by Mr. Hedley 
1 Typically represented by the white polyzoal limestone of Mount Gambier, South Australia. 
