407 
free from much terriginous or land-derived sediment; the glauconitic 
clays and sands with fish remains in moderately deep water subjected to 
current action; and blue sandy clays with shells in shallow water. 
The Kalimnan deposits generally indicate fairly shallow water, excepting 
in a few instances where the rock is a fine, blue, shelly clay, with smaller 
bivalves and gasteropods. 
(h) Evidence afforded by the presence of localized species, as Calyptrcea 
kalimncB and Turritella pagodula, points to more open communication between 
the Bairnsdale and the Mallee areas, than between the latter and the Hamilton* 
Bay. 
Geological Data from other Borings. 
(i) Among the extra borings of which detailed results are given in the text, 
the following may be briefly referred to :— 
The Tintinarra bore of the south-western part of the Murray Gulf 
shows a great thickness of Werrikooian strata, and probably 
indicates a trough fold or even a rift-valley in this locality with 
corresponding infilling of marine and estuarine material. 
The Portland bore shows a remarkable thickness of Janjukian strata, 
probably amounting to over 2,000 feet; it seems to be situated 
over a rift-valley formed by movements prior to the movements 
of the adjoining Ninety Mile Desert area (Tintinarra) in Werri¬ 
kooian times. 
The Sorrento bore shows a continuous sinking from Balcombian times, 
and is probably the most complete section of the Cainozoics 
available in one spot. From Balcombian to Kalimnan times this 
area appears to have maintained its fairly deep-water aspect, 
and not until Werrikooian and Pleistocene times does it show a 
shallowing, when the deposits become estuarine and littoral 
marine. 
The Paynesville bore, and incidentally the Fernbank bore, both in the 
Bairnsdale artesian basin, show, by an examination of the fossil- 
iferous strata passed through, that the succession of beds is similar 
to that of the Mallee, and that the polyzoal phase of the Janjukian 
is replaced by a shelly and gravelly deposit of Miocene age. This 
Miocene series extends at the Paynesville bore from about 200 to 
512 feet, with basal limit not reached; whilst the superimposed 
Kalimnan occurs from 160 to about 200 feet. As mother localities, 
the Lower Pliocene is a thinner and quite subordinate deposit. 
That extensive faulting must have taken place in the Bairnsdale 
area is evident from the occurrence of Janjukian limestone in the 
quarries at Sale and outcropping on the banks., of the Mitchell, 
Nicholson and Tambo Rivers, indicating a downthrow at Paynes¬ 
ville of at least 160 feet. 
An examination of the brown clay and sand series (carbonaceous) of 
the Tiega bore sets at rest any doubt as to their Janjukian age, 
as restricted fossils were found at 770 feet in this series. 
12. SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC RESULTS. 
This series of borings has brought to light some interesting facts bearing 
on the actual horizons at which a full supply of water may be met with. 
(a) In all eleven bores examined, a standing surface of water occurred, 
the levels of which, when connected, were found to be approximately parallel 
