409 
( d) The thickening of this underlying older Tertiary series in an eastward 
direction is a factor in the greater permanency of the water supply in this 
area (Co. Weeah, &c.), since the older beds appear to be the main storage of 
the subartesian fresh-water supply of the Murray basin. 
( e ) In Bores 9 and 10 the strong flow of salt water is probably due to the 
existence of a submerged or infilled rift-valley which trends in a south-westerly 
direction to the Ninety Mile Desert in South Australia, as proved by the 
Tintinarra bore. 
(/) From the foregoing data it may be inferred that the intake of the per¬ 
manent supply of fresh water is at or near the margin of the basin, and in all 
probability the catchment area is largely situated on the outcrops of the 
older sedimentary (Palaeozoic) rocks, as well as on the fissured and faulted 
surfaces of the igneous and metamorphic rocks, as the granites, diabases, 
quartz-porphyries and gneisses. It is here hypothecated that the percolating 
water of the Murray River basin finds its way down to the first impervious 
layer of any importance, the blue clay bed of the Kalimnan ; and the limited 
store is continually undergoing concentration, concomitantly with upward 
capillary flow of salt water into the superficial saline lakes. As already 
found by experience, this upper hydraulic layer requires to be closed in the 
bores by a casing, the boring to be effective having to be put down into the 
true water-bearing strata of the Janjukian polyzoal marls and limestones. 
13. THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE CAINOZOIC SERIES. 
In lieu of the European divisions of the Cainozoic beds, which in earlier 
times it was not easy to determine as such in Australia, Professor Tate, 
and later, Drs. Hall and Pritchard, suggested local names for terrains which 
were fairly typical of particular sets of beds. In this place the names will 
be given in alphabetical order , but at the end of the note they will be 
referred to their corresponding places in the time-scale or column of strata 
(Fig. 43) illustrating the general aspect of the Cainozoic beds in the Mallee 
area. 
Aldingan. 1 —This term was given to the Tertiary series shown in section 
at Aldinga Cliffs. The lower bed corresponds to Hall and Pritchard’s 
Janjukian (Miocene of McCoy and Chapman) ; the upper series is correlated 
with the Kalimnan of Hall and Pritchard (Lower Pliocene of McCoy and 
Chapman). 
Balcombian. 2 —Typified in the Balcombe Bay fossiliferous marls of the 
Mornington Peninsula (Hall and Pritchard). It corresponds with the lowest 
of the Tertiary series in southern Australia, according to the present author, but 
Hall and Pritchard place it above the Janjukian. Other exposures of these 
beds are :—The lower part of the Altona Bay coal shaft; the lower part 
of the Sorrento bore ; and at Clifton Bank, Muddy Creek, Hamilton. This 
series is referred by McCoy and Chapman to the Oligocene of the northern 
hemisphere ; by Tate, Dennant, Hall and Pritchard to the Eocene. The 
Balcombian is not represented in the present bores since the marine trans¬ 
gression of that period did not extend so far inland. 
Barwonian. 3 —An alternative term with Janjukian and Balcombian, 
suggested by Hall and Pritchard, to be employed where owing to palaeon¬ 
tological similarity the relegation of the Lower Tertiary beds to either of 
the sets of strata mentioned, was doubtful. Typified in the series from Red 
Hill, Shelford, through Inverleigh, Murgheboluc, down the Barwon valley 
to Fyansford. 
1 Trans. Hoy. Soc., S. Aust. Vol. II., 1879, p. LIII. 
2 Proc. Roy. Soc., Viet., Vol. XIV. pt. II. (N.S.), 1902, pp. 78, 80. 
8 Ibid., Vol. XVI., pt. II. (N.S.), 1904, p. 297. 
