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Subgenus HIERASPIZIAS, Kaup ? 
Hieraspiza Kaup, Class. Siiug. u. Yog. 1844, 116. Type, Falco tin us Linn. ? 
“ Jeraspiza Kaup, 1851 ” (fide Gray). 
Teraspiza Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, 171. Same type ? 
Characters.—F our outer primaries with inner webs eraargiuated ; 
third or fourth quill longest. End of inner toe reaching to or beyond 
middle of second joint of middle toe. 
In the last paper cited above, Kaup includes in his genus “ Teraspiza v a 
single American species, Falco firms Linn., and two Old World species, 
Falco virgatus Temm. and Accipiter rhodogaster Gurney (ex Schlegel). 
The first of these is probably the type, or, at least, was considered 
typical, since it was the one selected lor illustration of the generic char¬ 
acters. This is the only species of those named at present before us, so 
we cannot state positively whether the other two are sufficiently similar 
in the details of form to be properly included in the same subgenus. 
This is also the case with Accipiter collaris Sclater; for, although we 
have examined a specimen in the museum of the Philadelphia Acad¬ 
emy, we are not prepared to say that it is strictly congeneric with A. 
firms , although according to our recollection it is extremely similar in 
the details of form and in relative proportions. Regarding these species, 
Mr. Gurney (Ibis, 1875, pp. 470-172) speaks as follows:— U A. collaris is 
. remarkable in the robust character of its tarsi and feet, and is 
perhaps not properly referable to any of the subgeueric forms into 
which the genus Accipiter , as used by Mr. Sharpe, may be considered 
to be divisible, being, in fact, very much sni generis . Notwith¬ 
standing the great resemblance in the character of the coloration which 
exists between A. collaris and A. finus in their first dress, and, to a cer¬ 
tain extent, in their adult plumage also, I am disposed to assign A. firms 
to a group distinct from A. collaris; and in this group I would also include 
three small African hawks, A. hartlauhi, A. minullus, and A. erythropus. 
. The late Dr. Kaup associated A. finus and A. minullus in a 
distinct subgenus, first under the title Hieraspiza and subsequently 
under that of Teraspiza, with A. virgatus and A . rhodogaster ; but 1 am 
disposed to consider that the two latter species belong rather to the 
group of which A. nisus is the type, though they are in some respects 
aberrant members of it.” Pending the decision of this question, we 
include the A T . collaris provisionally in the subgenus Rieraspizias , along 
with JSF. finus. 
The two American species agree in the following— 
Common characters.— Above plain plumbeous (adult), sepia-brown 
or rusty-rufous (young), the pileum abruptly darker. Tail plumbeous, 
crossed with four to five bands of blackish, about equal in width to the in¬ 
terspaces (adult) or brown or bright rufous with six to seven narrow bands 
of dusky (young). Beneath white, with very regular bars of plumbeous 
(adult), or ochraceous, with similar bars of brown or rusty (young). They 
may be distinguished by the following diagnoses:— 
1 . H. tinus. —Wing, 5.20-C.50 ; tail, 3.90-5.50 ; culmen, 0.45-0.55; 
tarsus, 1.40-1.90; middle toe, 1.00-1.35. No whitish or ochraceous 
nuchal collar. Hah .—Brazil to Guatemala. 
2. H. collaris. — Wing, 0.75-7.00; tail, 5.00-5.50 ; culmen, 0.55; tar¬ 
sus, 1.75-2.00; middle toe, 4 .28. A nuchal collar of white or ochraceous 
the feathers dusky-tipped. Hah.— New Granada. 
