101 
—Forehead, crown, occiput, and nape deep rusty-brown; feathers with 
broad longitudinal streaks of deep black. Best of upper parts deep um¬ 
ber, darkest on the back; feathers of back and rump, the upper tail- 
coverts, scapulars, and wing-coverts broadly bordered with rusty; 
scapulars with concealed white spots. Tail ashy-umber, tipped (more 
broadly than in adult) with ashy-white, crossed by four broad bands of 
brownish-black, the last (or subterminal) of which is broadest, the first 
concealed by the coverts. Secondaries and primaries similar in color 
to the tail, but darker; the first showing five indistinct darker bands, and 
tipped (rather broadly) with pale cinnamon-rufous. Ear-coverts and 
cheeks fulvous-white, thickly streaked with dark brown. Lower parts 
white, washed with ochraceous on jugulum and breast; each feather 
with a central longitudinal lanceolate stripe of clear umber, the shaft 
black; these streaks are very narrow on the throat, broadest on the 
breast and flanks. Tibioe with transversely ovate spots and transverse 
bars of reddish-umber; lower tail-coverts with narrow shaft-streaks 
of darker brown. Lining of wing with cordate and ovate spots of dark 
brown. 
Young female (4213G, Orizaba, Mexico; M. Botteri. Type of var. 
mexicanus in Hist. Y Am. B., 232):—Similar to the young male, but 
feathers of back, etc., less broadly margined with rusty; ochraceous 
wash on lower parts more decided ; stripes beneath broader and less 
lanceolate, ou the sides broadly ovate, and on the flanks in form of 
broad transverse bars; tibiee more thickly spotted transversely; lower 
tail-coverts immaculate. Wing, 9.00; tail, 7.80; tarsus, 2.25; middle 
toe,2.50. Fourth quill longest; third shorter than fifth; second inter¬ 
mediate between sixth and seventh; first, 2.90 shorter than longest. 
Graduation of tail, 0.90. 
Remarks .—Although occasional individuals from Mexico lead at first 
to the impression of a decided difference from the usual style of the 
Eastern United States, they lose their apparently distinctive features 
when a large series is brought together for comparison. As a rule, adult 
males from Mexico and the western districts of the United States 
agree with each other, and differ from the average style of the same 
plumage in birds from the Eastern United States in liaviug the rufous 
of the lower parts in greater amount in proportion to the white, that 
of the tibia3 being often almost unbroken ; there is usually also less of 
concealed white on the scapulars. The most typical example of the 
so-called A. mexicanus , however, is one from Massachusetts, described 
on p. 99. The difference between eastern and western birds of this 
species is more marked in the young than in the adult plumage, 
however; and there seems to be great constancy in the differences 
observable. Thus, the western birds are darker-colored throughout, 
the brown markings occupying larger areas, and the white portions 
of a less pure color, being more or less suffused or stained with pale 
ochraceous. The markings on the tibireare almost always transversely- 
cordate spots instead of longitudinal streaks. This darker style of 
plumage is characteristic of the entire Western Province, east to the 
Missouri Plains; but along the southern border and in Mexico, birds 
more like the eastern style seem to prevail. 
Upon the whole, it is found impossible to characterize by tangible, 
and, at the same time, constant, characters, two geographical races of 
this species; for, while a barely appreciable difference characterizes 
the majority of the birds of either region, the cases of individuals 
which correspond in every particular being found in the region of 
which they are not typical are too numerous to warrant the considera- 
