97 
NISUS C0OPERI. 
Northern Falcon Lath. Gen. Synop. i, 1781, 70, No. 62 (=9 ad.). 
Falco hyemalis (3. Gmel. S. N. i, 1788, ‘274 (=$ ad.). 
Falco cooperi Bonap. Am. Orn. i. 18*28, pi. ID, fig. 1 
Ann. Lye. N. V. ii, 433; Isis, 
iv, 1831, 3 .—Brewer, Bosf. Journ. 
iii, 1841, 78.— 1 Thompson, Nat. Hist. 
Sci. Phila. 1853, p. — (N. Ohio). 
Rev. Zool. 1850, 480; Consp. Av. i. 
1832, 1137.—Jameson (ed. Wils.), Am. Oin. 
N. H. i, 1837, 43G (Mass.). — Peabody, ih. 
Vermont, 1853, p. —.—Read, Pr. Ac. Nat, 
Astur cooperi Bonap. Comp. List, i, 1838,5; 
1850, 31.— Jardine (ed. Wilson), Orn. 1840, 651.— Gambkl, Pr. Ac. Nat 
8 ci. Phila. 1846, p. — (California).— Fratten, Tr. 111. Ag. Soc. 1853-4, 500 (S. 
Illinois), ^ " .. ' ~ 
(Mass.). 
Accipiter cooperi De 
Acc. Brit. Mus. 
32.— CasSIN, Pr. 
Cal. Tex. etc. 1 
Kexnicott, ib. 581, (N. 111.).— Putnam, Pr. Essex Inst. 1856,204 
fig. 5 .—Gray, List. 
Hand L 
1855, 270 
Kay, Z 06 I. N. Y. ii, 1844, 18, pi. iv, 
1848, 38; Genera of B. i, 1840, 20; Hand List, i, 1860, 
Ac. Nat. Sci. 1848, p. — (Xalapa); ib. 1855, 270; Ill. Birds 
£56, 06; Birds N. Am. 1858, 16.— Hoy, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Pliila. 1853, p. — (V isconsin); Smithsonian Rep. 1864, 437 (Missouri).— Knee- 
i.and, 1T. Boston Soc. N. H. 1857, 233 (Keweenaw Point, Lake Superior).— 
Heermann, Pacific R. R. Rep. vii, 1857, 31.— Newberry - , ib. vi, iv, 1857, 
74.— Brewer, N. Am, Oology, 1857, 20, pi. v, fig. 55.— .— Max. Caban, 
Journ. vi, 1858, 13.— Baird, Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1850, No. 15.— Henry, 
Pbila. 1850, p. —.— Sclater, P. Z. S. 1850, 380.— Bar- 
Report, 1860, 434 (Pennsylvania).— Cooper & Suck ley. 
ii, 1860, 145.— Blakiston, Ibis, 1861, 317 (Forks of the 
21).— Boardman, Pr. Boston Soc. N. H. 1862,122 (Calais, 
1863, p. — (Maine).—S amuels, 
Eng. 1870, 27.— Dresser. Ibis, 
Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
nard, Smithsonian 
P. R. R. Rep. xii, 
Saskatchewan, May 
Maine, summer).—V errill, Pr. Essex Tnst. iii, 
Rep. Sec. 
Agr. 
Mass. 1864, p.—; Birds New 
1^65, 323 (Texas).— Coues, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 43 (Arizona); Pr. Essex 
Inst. 1868, p. —; Pr. Boston Soc. 1868, 120 (S. Carolina); Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 1871, 27 (Ft. Macon, N. C.); Key to N. Am. Birds, 1872, 212; Check¬ 
list N. Am. Birds, 1873, 67 ; Birds Northwest, 1874,334.— Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. 
Y. 1866, p. — ; 1868,134 (Costa Rica).— Allen, Am. Nat. 1870,173 (migrations); 
Bull M.<C. Z. 1871, p. — (Florida).—S cl. & Salv. Ex. Orn. xi, 1860, 170; Norn. 
Neotr. 1873,120.— Turnbull, Birds of E. Penn. 1860, p. —.— Ridgway, Pr. Ac. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870,141.— Maynard, Birds of Mass. 1870,163.—Ross, Birds of 
Canada, 1871, 3. — Maynard, Pr. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1871,26 .—Snow, Birds 
of Kansas, 1872,2.— Adams, Rambles, 1873,297.— Lawr. Mem. Boston Soc. N. 
II. 1874 (S. W. Mexico in Winter ; biographical notes by A. J. Grayson).— Hen- 
SiiAW, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1874, 10 (Utah).— Sharpe, Cat. Acc. Brit. Mus. 1874, 
137.— Hatch, Bull. Minn. Acad. Sciences, 1874,51 (Minnesota). 
Nisus cooperi Sciileg. Rev. Acc. 1873,73.— Ridgway, Pr. Boston Soc. N. H. 1873, 50 ; 
ib. 1874, p. 23 (S. Ilk); Bull. Essex Inst. 1873,167; ib. 1875,10,13,19,21,34, 
38 ; in B. B. &. R. Hist. N. Am. B. iii, 1874,230; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1874,181 (Il¬ 
linois).— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Specs. Wheeler’s Exp. 1874, 49.138. 
Falco stanleyi Audubon, Birds Am. 1831, pis. 36,141 ; Orn. Biog. i, 1831, 186. 
Cooperastur stanleyi Bonap. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1854,538. 
Accipiter mexicanus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am.ii, W31,45.—Jardine (ed. Wilson), Am. 
Orn. ii, 1832,215.— Bonap. Consp. Av. i, 1850, 32 (sub A.fuscus). — Strickl. Orn. 
Syn. i, 1855,109.—Cassin, Illust. Birds Cal. Tex. etc. 1856, 06; Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. 1855,279 ; Birds N. Am. 1858,17.— Xantus, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1850, 
100 (S. California).— Henry, ib. p. — (New Mexico).— Cooper &. Suckley, Pa¬ 
cific R. R. Rep. xii, ii, 1860,146 (Washington Ter.).— Coues, Ibis, 1865, p. —; ib. 
1866, p. —; Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1866,43 (Arizona).— Cooper, Am. Nat. 1868 (Mon¬ 
tana) ; Orn. Cal. i, 1870, 465.— Gray, Hand List, i, 1860, 33. 
Nisus cooperi var. mexicanus Ridgway, Pr. Boston Soc. 1873,50; Bull. Essex Inst. 
1873,168 (Colorado); in B. B. &. R. Hist. N. Am. Birdsgiii, 1874,231. 
Accipiter pileatus Strickland, Orn. Syn. i, 1855,105 (in part; not A. pileatus Vigors). 
Habitat .—United States and table-lands of Mexico; southward (in 
winter) to Costa Rica and Veragua ; north (in summer) to New Bruns¬ 
wick, the Saskatchewan, and Washington Territory. 
Diagnosis. —Wing, 8.70-11.00; tail, 7.80-10.50; culmen, 0.58-0.80; tar¬ 
sus, 2.30-2.85; middle toe, 1.45-1.85. Fourth or fifth quill longest; first 
equal to or shorter than tenth; outer five with inner webs sinuated. 
Tail rounded. Tarsi usually distinctly scutellate. 
Adult .—Above slate-color, varying from a fine bluish to a brownish 
