94 
grayish, three to six in number, the last black band broadest and usually 
subterminal; tail sometimes (in fresh plumages) with a terminal margin 
of white. Adult: —Above, uniform slate or plumbeous, growing darker 
on the pileum, which is sometimes black ; occipital feathers pure white 
beneath the surface, and scapulars with large concealed spots of the 
same. Legs and feet yellow; lower parts extremely variable, usually 
with transverse markings of rufous or brown, rarely white, broken 
only by dusky shaft-streaks or narrow faint stripes on the breast and 
sides, and uniform rufous tibim; sometimes entirely rufous, or uniform 
plumbeous, with rufous on the tibke. Young :—Above, dark brown, the 
feathers with terminal margins of rusty brown or buff. Beneath, white 
or ochraceous, usually with longitudinal (rarely with transverse) mark¬ 
ings of brown—immaculate only in N. bicolor. 
Keg to the species. 
o 
O. 
A.—Black bands of the tail decidedly narrower than the gray interspaces. 
a. Size large (wing, 8.25-11.00; tail, 6.80-10.50). 
1. N. COOPEEJ.—Wing, 8.70-11.00; tail, 7.80-10.50; culmen, 0.58 
-0.80; tarsus, 2.30-2.85; middle toe, 1.45-1.85. Tail with four 
black bands. Adult: —Beneath, white, with transverse spots or 
bars of rufous, except on throat and crissum. Young .-—Thighs 
variously marked with brown; breast, belly, and sides with 
stripes of the same. Hob. —North America, except Arctic re- 
gion and West Iudies. 
2. N. G-UTTATUS.—Wing, 8.50-10.50; tail, 6.80-8.50; culmen, 0.60; 
tarsus, 2.40-2.65. Tail with four black bands. Adult: —Beneath, 
pale ;t fawn-rufous”; the breast with white spots and half-bars; 
the thighs and lining of wing plain. Hab. —Paraguay and 
Bolivia. 
N. chilensis. —Wing, 8.25-9.90; tail, 7.65-8.50; culmen, 0.50- 
0.70; tarsus, 2.25-2.65; middle toe, 1.40-1.70. Tail with five to six 
black bands. Adult ; —Tibiae plain rich rufous; other lower parts, 
except crissum, ash-gray or umber, shaded with rufous and 
slate-color, and broken by white spots, these forming distinct 
bars on the abdomen. Young .-—Below, buff, more rusty ou the 
tibiae, the latter transversely spotted with rusty-brown ; breast, 
sides, and abdomen with lanceolate or ovate stripes of blackish. 
Hab. —Chile to Straits of Magellan. 
N. GUNDLACHI.—Wing. 8.60-10.50; tail, 7.50-9.50; culmen, 0.6S- 
0.70 ; tarsus, 2.50-2.75. Tail with four black bands. Adult .-— 
Jugulum and sides of neck plain ash-gray ; lower part of breast 
and upper portion of abdomen plain rufous, the feathers nar¬ 
rowly margined with white; tibiae rufous, the feathers with 
subterminal darker bars and lighter tips. Young .-—Sides and 
tibiae with broad transverse spots of brown ; breast and abdo¬ 
men with broad stripes of the same; longer lower tail-coverts 
with narrow shaft-stripes of blackish. Hab. —Cuba. 
b. 
0. 
Siz 
N, 
small (wing, 6.35-8.80 ; tail, 5.50-8.25). 
FUSCUS. —Wing, 6.35-8.80; tail, 5.50-8.25; culmen, 0.35-0.60;. 
tarsus, 1.85-2.30’; middle toe, 1.10-1.55. Tail with four to five 
black bands. Adult .-—Tibiae barred or spotted transversely 
with rufous and white; other lower parts, except throat and 
crissum, with wide bars or transverse spots of rufous and white. 
Young ;—Tibiae white or pale rusty, with markings of brown of 
variable shape; other lower parts, except crissum, with brown 
stripes, more spot-like on the sides. Hab .—Entire continent of 
North America. (Not in West Indies.) 
