54 
of white quartz run obliquely across the beds, and not along the cleavage 
planes, which latter is a noticeable feature among these Silurian exposures. 
This outcrop also is used as a quarry, and much better stone for road pur¬ 
poses is here obtained. It is a prominent feature of the locality, as seen from 
the train, and is almost, if not entirely, surrounded by “ older basalt/* On 
the eastern side there is a shallow depression covered with a thin capping 
of humus, underlain by gravelly and clayey sand with siliceous concretions 
in the shape of small tubes. Basalt probably underlies at a few feet. 
Another small rise occurs in allotment 26, parish of Berwick, where the 
same difficulty regarding definite identification of the deposit presents itself, 
owing to the absence of fragments of distinct rocks. The area has been 
regarded as an extension of a Silurian spur, and coloured as such. 
These Silurian rocks are auriferous to a certain extent, but as no reefs at 
all or veins of quartz of any thickness were noticed, there is not likely to be 
any payable gold ore in the area. Alluvial deposits here and there may 
possibly furnish a little return for labour expended. It is stated by Mr. 
Wilson, of Berwick, that alluvial gold has lately been found in Harkaway 
Creek, north-west of Berwick. 
There seems little doubt that the Silurian areas of the northern and 
southern portions of the district are continuous, and that the great denudation 
that had taken place prior to the deposition of the Cainozoic basalt and sedi¬ 
ments had scooped out a wide channel along the course of the Great Southern 
railway, leaving the two inliers referred to as low islands in the Cainozoic 
sea. 
A coincidence as regards direction is observable in the dips taken, no fewer 
than three coinciding in one case and two in another, and, as far as noted, 
they indicate a syncline having a north-easterly axis. 
Plutonic. 
The only occurrence of “ granite ” noted in the area is found in its extreme 
northern portion, in the parish of Berwick. From here it stretches towards 
the Dandenong Ranges, and is probably connected with the igneous area in 
the Gembrook and Monbulk districts. The rock is of medium texture, and 
is grey in colour. In general appearance it is similar to the plutonic rock 
found* on Mounts Eliza and Martha, between Frankston and Dromana, to the 
south-west. It is probably of intrusive origin, and has invaded the Silurian 
sediments, as is the case in the districts just mentioned. 
Patches of fine-grained dark rock, with an excess of biotite, are contained 
in the main mass. I was informed by Mr. Wilson that “granite,” covered 
by clays, may be seen in a railway cutting near Kalian/s Road station, 
but this I was not enabled to examine. On the Melbourne-Sale road, 
however, in the side channel between allotments 12 and 30, parish of Euniem- 
merring, is a clay containing particles of quartz and flakes of mica, overlain 
by yellow, red, and white mottled sandy clays and argillaceous sands, 
belonging to the Cainozoic series. This is probably decomposed granite, or 
detritus derived therefrom, and connected with the granite stated to be visible 
in the Italian/s Road railway cutting, which lies about due south of, and a 
short distance from, this place. The term granite is applied to this rock 
only in a general way, as a microscojxical examination is necessary to correctly 
diagnose it. 
[Since the preceding remarks were written, Mr. E. G. Hogg, M.A., has 
published a paper,* in which he describes, inter alia , granitoid rocks from 
* Hogg, The Petrology of Certain Victorian Granites. Proc. Poy. Soc. Viet., Vol. XIII. 
(N.S.), Part II.. 
