20 
Some of the hornstones are crowded, near the granite contact, with what 
appear to be tourmaline, hornblende, and garnet crystals. Maldonite, in 
small quantities, is found in most of the mines, but the two mines 
where it has been found most abundantly, are the old Nuggety Reef and 
the North British. 
In these highly metamorphosed rocks, the quartz reefs have proved 
exceedingly productive in gold, even right up to the boundaries of the 
granite itself, as in the case of the famous Nuggety Reef, so- well de¬ 
scribed by the late Professor Ulrich, and also in the case of Sailor Bill’s 
Reef. So that, at localities like Bendigo, no misgivings need be felt as 
to whether the reefs will continue to be auriferous as they approach the 
granite mass which probably underlies the whole of that field. 
Faults are very conspicuous at Maldon, and the recovery of rich shoots 
of quartz that have been displaced in this way occupies much time, and is 
expensive. The South German and North British mines have both had 
their rich shoots of ore cut off by faults. 
In such cases a careful survey should be made, and, when necessary, 
an accurate model should be constructed, to facilitate the recovery of the 
lost reef. The general rule is, in ordinary faults, to follow the larger 
angle; but in reversed faults, such as those that agree with the strike of 
the beds, but not with the dip, the smaller angle has to be followed. 
This gold-field has produced immense wealth in the past, and when 
the relative extent of what has been explored is compared with what is so 
far untouched, an impression is left that the mining industry has a good 
future at Maldon. 
[Report sent in 20th May, zpoy.] 
THE CHARLOTTE PLAINS DEEP LEADS. 
(no. 12 on locality map.) 
By E. /. Dunn , F.G.S ., Director, Geological Survey. 
For many years past efforts have been made to test the Loddon system 
of deep leads, and English capital has been freely spent in an endeavour 
to open up and drain a portion of the Clunes, Majorca, and Carisbrook 
Dead, to the north of Moolort Hill. This lead .joins the Loddon Main 
Lead near the Junction Deep Lead shaft. This latter lead drains the 
Creswick, Daylesford, Castlemaine, and Maldon districts, an area several 
times as large as that drained by the Carisbrook Lead. 
On the Carisbrook Lead, a shaft has been sunk at the Havillah mine, 
345 feet to the main reef level, and a drive run out N.E. to within 2,200 
feet of the face of the drive from the Charlotte Plains mine. At this 
mine a shaft has been sunk 339 feet, to the main reef level, and thence 
a drive runs in a westerly direction for 1,240 feet; thence S.W. 2,500 
feet. Along this drive, from the shaft to the face, an electric motor tram 
runs. The Junction Deep Leads shaft is situate near the junction of the 
Carisbrook and Loddon Main Lead. 
Powerful electric pumping plants are at work at the Havillah, Char¬ 
lotte Plains, and Junction Deep Mines, and after years of continuous 
pumping there is a near prospect of getting into the wash-dirt to test it. 
The main reef drives are, for the most part, in glacial conglomerate, but 
partly also in Ordovician slates and sandstones, that have a favorable 
