00EE’S RURAL 1 
;UF. 27, 
> Jfcqr gttjstoflyg. 
r ___-—— 
EDITED BY HENRY 8. RANDALL, LL. D. 
The Editor of this Department, vvho is now absent 
at the East, mailed a report of the proceedings of the 
Annual Meeting of the State Sheep Breeders' and 
Wool Growers’ Association In time for last week's 
Rural, hat as it has failed to arrive we give the 
report of the Syracuse Daily Journal. 
STATE WOOL GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION. 
Second A nnual Meeting — Organization for the Ensuing 
Tear Consideration of the Tariff, the Jtcciprocity 
Treaty , the Wool Market , Sheep Breeding and Man¬ 
agement, and the Expediency qf a Hoy Tax. 
The Annual Meeting of the Sheep Breeders’ 
add Wool Growers’ Association of the State of 
New York, commenced at the City Hall, Syra¬ 
cuse, Wednesday morning, .lanuary 10th instant. 
The Hon. Henry S. Randall, President, was 
in the Chair. The Secretary, the Hon. D. D. T. 
Moors, being absent, Mr. H. D. L. Sweet of 
Syracuse, was chosen Secretary pro tem. 
After some discussion, it waa decided that the 
Committees be appointed by the Chair, Com¬ 
mittees were named by the Chair, with Chair¬ 
men aa followsOn Business, Charles Tollman. 
Resolutions, E. B. Pottle; on Reciprocity, Geo. 
Gcddee; on Treasurer’s Accounts, A. F. Wilcox. 
Mr. Pottle Of Ontario, Superintendent of the 
Sheep Show held at Canandaigua last spring, 
was called upon to make a statement showing 
the success of that Show and the present condi¬ 
tion of the Association, By the establishment 
of life memberships sufficient funds were raised 
to enable the Association to offer a premium list 
as liberal as that of the State Agricultural So¬ 
ciety, and the result was the best Sheep Show 
ever held In the United States, although the first 
of the Association. Mr. Moore’s premium for 
the best scoured fleeces, proportionate to 
weight of carcass, proved that New York Is 
second to no State in the Union in sheep and 
woo) production. After meeting the expenses 
of the Show, there arc $850 left in the treasury, 
which gives one of the strongest, encouragements 
to prepare for another exhibition. Mr. Pottle 
urged that the State Agricultural Society should 
be afforded the means of including reports of the 
Shows of this Society in the annual reports of 
its transactions. 
The Hon. George (h cldcs made some remarks 
showing the active and t horough sympathy of 
the State Agricultural Society with the Wool 
Growers’ Association. 
A recess was taken till two o’clock. 
AFTERNOON SESSION. 
Mr. Tallmau, Chairman of the Business Com- 
mitte, reported the following subjects for discus¬ 
sion and consideration: 
1st. The existing United States tariff on wool 
and wonlona. 
2d. The Reciprocity Treaty with the Canadas, 
lid. Expediency of a United States tax on dogs. 
4th. The condition and prospects of the wool 
market. 
5th. Sheep breeding, management, &c. 
Mr. Geddes, Chairman of the Committee on 
the Reciprocity Treaty, read the following: 
The existing treaty M ill expire on the 17th of ' 
March next, but it is well understood that the ' 
greatest efforts are being made by persons retire- , 
sonting the interests of the British American 
colonists, to negotiate a new treaty that will 
secure to them our markets. Having found the 1 
people of the United States extensive consumers | 
of their Agricultural products, they wilt not re¬ 
linquish such valuable markets without having 
first exhausted every means to retain them, it is ' 
the business of men who represent any branch < 
of agricultural production, to earnestly protest , 
agaiust any renewal of this treaty, or the negotia¬ 
tion of any other that gives our markets to col¬ 
onial productions. 1 
The very able Secretary of the Treasury, in his 
late report, discusses this subject with theabllity 
of a hlutasman, He says:—“There are grave 
doubt* whether treaties of this character do not , 
interfere with the legislative power of Congress , 
and especially with the constitutional power of , 
tlie House ot‘ Representatives to originate reve- J 
nue bills; and whether ail eh treaties, if they ' 
hold anything not granted by onr general reve¬ 
nue laws arc hot tn conflict with the spirit of the 
usual clause contained in most of our commer¬ 
cial treaties, to treat each nation on I be same 
footing us the most favored nation, and not. to . 
grunt, without an equivalent, any particular 
favor to one nation, not conceeded to another, in ’ 
respect to commerce and navigation. It ap¬ 
pears to he well established that, the advan- . 
tages of this treaty have not been mutual, hut 
have been in favor of the Canadas. Our markets 
have been st rong, extensive and valuable theirs 
have been weak, limited and generally far less 
profitable than ours. Citizens,'rhe people of tbe . 
Canadas and provinces have been sellers and not ' 
buyers ol' the same productions, lor which we 
are often forced to seek a foreign market. It 
is questionable in fact, whether any actual re¬ 
ciprocity embracing many of the articles now in 
treaty, can bo maintained between the two 
countries,” i 
Thai we have been the consumers of their agri¬ 
cultural products Mill appear by consulting the 
official report s made by our Government on com- j 
meree and navigation. Tills Commit tee arc only | 
able to procure i he volumes for l lie years ’59, '<10, i 
’(111 and iki, but believing that there is no reason l 
to doubt that these four years give a fair average, 
M’c will state that during these years the impor- 1 
talions into the United State* under this treaty 
were valued at. $(10,745,744, arid that the export- , 
ing for these years of produce and manufactures , 
that canto here under the Reciprocity Treaty- 
amounted to only $2,488,355, thus in four years 1 
giving our markets In the extent of $07,251,389 i 
to the productions of foreign countries, that pay- 
no part of our ualiooal debt. ' 
Under tbe intlnenco of this treaty the lands < 
of Caunda buve risen greatly in value/ Mr. E. H. ] 
Derby of Boston, in u lecture delivered before 
tbe American Historical uud Statistical Society 
last month, said that “ During the lost year we 
bad taken $6,000,000 of her lumber, 15,000,000 
bushels of her wheat, 38,000,000 bushels of her 
oats, 80,000 horses and 8,000,000 pounds of long- 1 
combing wool.” The commercial and transport- 
from the competition of untaxed productions of 
a foreign country. 
The Committee recommend the adoption of 
— the following resolution : 
— He.eolved , That the wool growers and shcep- 
~ breeders of the State of New York represented 
it by thiB Association, cheerfully m -tune their pro¬ 
te portion of the debt of tbe country, but to enable 
us to do this we respectfully represent, that we 
. “cannot” (in the language of the Bccretar.v of 
the Treasury,) “ consent to be taxed as produ- 
,e cers, while those outside our boundaries, exempt 
from our burdens, shall be permitted as competi¬ 
tors to have free access to our market; ” and we, 
therefore, protest against the renewal of the 
reciprocity treaty or the negotiation of any ncM' 
treaty of a like character. 
g Gkokoe Geddes, 
y A. G. Peroet, 
y. Aaron Y. Baker, 
. Committee. 
, Many strong statements by Messrs. Geddes, 
’ Pottle and others were made against tlie past 
regulations of treaty between this country and 
Canada. Mr. Colburn, a New York Tribune 
reporter, gave the fact that $00,000,000 In gold 
had gone to Canada the past four years, 
J. The report and resolutions were unanimously 
adopted. 
The Hon. E. B. Pottle, Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Resolutions, read thefollowing, which, 
after the discussion of some of them, were 
adopted: 
Jiceohwd , That we cordirlly indorse the late 
action of this Society, in connection with like 
associations from other States, in forming a Na¬ 
tional Wool Growers’ Association, believing 
that through such organizations we can more 
effectually secure equal protection with other 
industrial interests of the country. 
ftev'.ilnrd, That we have heard with satisfaction 
the result of Hie meet ing of the National Manu* 
L facturcrs’ and Wool Growers’ Associations, and 
I agree fully to their resolution “that the intcr- 
i cats of the Wool Growers and Manufacturers are 
identical, and that they are entitled to equal en- 
rouraganqnt and jnroteetion .’ 1 We ask no more 
' than this, and Justice to ourselves and to the 
f wool growing interests, which wo in purt repre- 
. sent, require that M’e ueeepl no less. 
Jteeolved, That one great source of annoyance 
1 and loss to the wool grower results from the 
number of worthless dogs kept in the country, 
I and wo respectfully ask of tbe General Govern¬ 
ment to impose such a tax as m-UI insure either 
1 a great increase of revenue or decrease pi dogs—or 
perhaps both. 
Iksolved, That in the result of the first exhibi¬ 
tion of our Society held at Canandaigua last 
spring, m t c find full encouragement to go on and 
establish this Society upon a firm basis, and to 
that end we Mill hold Annual Fairs each spring, 
• and use our best energies to make them sue 
ce»6fo), and that a copy of the report of our past 
year's transactions be sent, by tlie President of 
this Association to the Secretary of the State 
■ Agricultural Society, 
The following resolution, offered by Mr. A. Y. 
Baker, of Steuben, was adopted: 
IicscAved, That the Treasurer of tills Associa¬ 
tion be instructed to pay the Committee, ap¬ 
pointed to represent the interests of the Wool 
Growers of the State of New York before, the 
Revenue Com mittee having in charge the remod¬ 
eling of the tariff, a sufficient sum t o defray their 
expenses in attending the same. 
The necessity for a heavy enforced t ax on dogs 
M iis shown by some wretched examples of sheep 
slaughter. It was suggested that if the matter 
of enforcing the tax were in the hands of an 
United States officer, instead ol' one who holds 
bis office at the disposal of dog owners, it might 
be done effectually, 
The opinions elicited concerning the prospects 
of wool prices may be summed tip as follows :— 
It will not. be safe to hold wool until another 
clip, but that between this and April or May, 
wool may be sold at a better price than it now 
brings, and that any man is “ missing it” greatly 
to sell at, present prices. 
The profitableness of wool raising at old prices 
On land at present prices, M as interestingly dis¬ 
cussed, aud should be thoroughly considered by 
every farmer in Central New York. 
Officers for the ensuing year were chosen as 
follows: 
Fteddent — The lion. Henry S. Randall, of 
Cortland. 
Vice-7'residents —H. T. Brooks of Wyoming; 
D. W. Pereey of Rensselaer; William Chamber¬ 
lain of Dutchess; William Beebee of Suffolk; | 
Mathew Hutchinson of Cayuga; Samuel Thom ! 
of Dutchess; Alexander Arnold of Steuben. 
('or. /Secretary —B- B« Pottle of Ontario. 
Jtec. Secretary —n. D L. Sweet of Onondaga. 
Treasurer - Asul F. W ileox of Onondaga. 
The report of the Treasurer, Mr. A. F. Wilcox, 
showing that there M’as $889.88 in the treasury, 
was adopted. ■ 
Tbe. Association Hien adjourned sine die. 
CONVENTION OF CHEESE MAKERS. 
(Continued from page 22.] 
The following gentlemen were elected Officers 
of the Association for the ensuing year: 
President Wit. II. Comstock of Utica. 
Vice Presidents A. Bartlett, Ohio; C, H, Chadwick, 
Secretary and ’treasurer— Gardner B. W eeks, Ver¬ 
non, Oneida Co. 
The subject of sending an Agent to England, 
WRfl called up, and Mr. I’omell, of nerkimer, 
who has recently returned from England, took 
the stand and gave a most interesting lecture on 
the requirements of the English trade, and En¬ 
glish choose and cheese making. We have space 
only for some of the most important (joints of 
his address. 
THE 8IZE AND SHAPE REQUIRED. 
The size and shape of cheese are important in 
themselves, though that of size mueh less than 
shape. M r. Bate, of Chester, 6aid, “ with cheese 
: equal in other respects, the size is a minor cou- 
' time to look at cheese weighing 85 pounds.” 
Yet this, they claim, is of lees importance t han the 
shape, and 1 am inclined to believe that a variety 
of size is the best for all concerned, as the de¬ 
mand for different sizes is such as to make an 
unvarying size a drug. Cheese, I believe, may 
be made of all weights from 50 to 100 pounds, 
and come within Hie range of an acHve de- 
rnand. Over the last weight, is a positive detri¬ 
ment. 
The shape called for is one of those points in 
which so far the American cheese has been defi¬ 
cient. You all know the general proportions of 
English cheese, Cheshire and Cheddar being un¬ 
like in this respect. The size of the cheese are 
12}^ inches high, by 15>£ inches in diameter, or 
in like proportion for any diminution ot size. I 
believe I never saw larger. We have been accus¬ 
tomed to large flat cheese, 20 to 23 inches in 
diameter, with ft depth of 8 to 12 iuches, and 
weighing from one to two hundred pounds. 
Nom’ the reduction to 18 iuches does not remedy 
this evil, and factory men make a mistake when 
they 6tdp at that size. It is better, but still the 
style of the cheese is not right, 1 knew that 
this size is claimed to be a medium, and that 
large or small cheese can be pressed in the same 
hoop. But you see how you fail to secure what 
is demanded. If you make a cheese of the prop¬ 
er weight it is too fiat, if of the proper height 
it is too heavy, so that you suit in neither case. 
COLOR. 
The demand for colored cheese is one of great 
importance, though not, perhaps, founded upon 
so sound principles. Long usage, uud adeBire to 
have u rieh-uppearing article, arc the reasons as¬ 
signed for their taste. Originally introduced to 
secure this last result, it has become of real im¬ 
portance. You ask, is a high, low or medium 
color demanded, and what is the shade 7 You 
are anxious to know, for you have gone from one 
point to another, from one shade to another, 
and yet the buyers complain. The shade 
asked for is that of rich grass butter, neither 
lemon, orange, or the lamentable red, so prev¬ 
alent iu American cheese. As yet there is no 
preparation in our country that secures the color 
required. The crude annatto, when prepared by 
the cheese makers themselves, gives, us you arc 
all aware, When exposed to the air, a reddish east, 
M-hilc that commonly known as Jones’ English 
Annatto, gives a color equally objectionable. 
Infused In small quantities, it gives a mustard 
shade; if in large, that of a lemon peel. 
Now, the amount of color used, I am convinced, 
is not of so much importance as the shade secured. 
That of a rich butter is required, and whether it 
be high or low, a butter color Is demanded, aud 
till that is secured we M ill not please the English 
taste. 
OTnER REQUIREMNTS, 
The other requirements are ©f such a nature 
that I shall feel at liberty to quote from authori¬ 
ties in England, as well as give the results of my 
observations there, even though I should repeat 
part of the address delivered by Mr. Willard 
before you last year. Mr. Uokdekov, of Lon¬ 
don, says — “W ewan teheese rich, solid, line 
flavored, firm, sound, handsome, and that will go 
on to improve for twelve months, or longer if 
required.” Mr. Bate, of Cheshire, gays, “The 
best cheeses made are firm and imperishable, 
keeping in the farmer’s cheese room for twelve 
months or longer; the texture is solid, but not 
tough, aud the flavor flue.” Mr. Titlev, of 
Bath, says, “The characteristics of a good cheese 
are mellow and rich in taste aud flavor, and firm 
aud full in texture.” Mr. Joseph Harding, 
Somerset, says, “ A good cheese is el 06 eand firm 
in texture, yet mellow; in character or quality 
it. is rich, with a tendency to melt in the mouth ; 
the flavor full and tine, approaching to that of a 
hazel-nut.” 
These quotations are taken from a little 
pamphlet published by Mr. Robert McAdam, 
of Gorsty Hill. The object for which Mr. Mc¬ 
Adam secured these opinions was not perhaps 
fully attained, but we are, by the publication of 
the" pamphlet, enabled to see something of the 
requirements of the trade. 
Mr. Oorderot speaks of solid, firm and sound 
as of three distinct qualities, and well he may. 
Solid in that it is nut porous, firm in that it is 
not soft or waxy, sound in that it is not cracked 
or broken. Rich cheese are demanded and poor 
ones arc not called for. 
Mr. Bate says, “Finn and imperishable.” 
Cracked cheese are perishable. “The texture 
solid but not tough.” Poor cheese are apt to he 
tough. 
Mr. HARDiNGsays, “Closeandflrm in texture.” 
That is, it is without porousness and is not soft, 
while yet it is mellow. “In character and 
quality "it is rich.” Quality is a requisite, is a 
single point, and means the buttery or oily 
appearance u* in tlie meat ol any good flavored 
nut, as the hickory, butternut or the hazel. 
Further discussion took place on establishing 
a dairyman’s newspaper, and a Report was 
The quantity of salt used to 100 pounds of 
cheese was reported from 377 factories. In 101 
of these the amount used was 3 lbs.; in 87, 2}4 
lbs.; in 51, 2% lbs.; in 40, 2 7-10 lbs.; in 19, 4-5 
lbs.; iu 9, 2 lbs.; and in 6, 5 lbs. The least 
quantity used was 3-10 of a pound. In Limburg 
cheeses the quanHty was much greater, ranging 
from 14 to 17 pounds. 
The following table will exhibit the amount 
of cheese produced in five leading counties:— 
Counties. Pounds of Cheese. Valor. 
Oneida. 8,107,019 $1,621,403 00 
Jcfl’cretm. 3.357.546 671.509 20 
Madison. 3.420,057 084,011 40 
Herkimer. 3,092,268 618,453 60 
Lewis. 8471,721 634,344 20 
$4,229,722 00 
. ..21,148,611 
jijimt of tbo §tes, 
Experiment in Feoding Hogs. 
J. W. Ziglar of Rolling Prairie, Iud., furnishes 
the Western Rural the following interesting ex¬ 
periment in feeding corn to hogs: 
I made a good pen by laying down sleepers, 
laid tbe floor on them, and then made a good 
fence, setting the posts close to the floor. By 
having one side of tbe floor lower than the other, 
and leaving a space between the floor and lower 
board, the bogs M’orked Hie litter out of the 
pen. I put 15 bogs into the pen, first weighing 
them. I then bought 100 bushels of corn, 
shelled, at 45c. per bushel, and fed it to them 
with the following results : 
The average weight of 15 hogs when put Into 
the pen Mas 108 pounds. They were fed lS3j^ 
pounds corn per day, making 8 8-9 pounds per 
hog per day. At the end of 42 days my hogs 
weighed 284 pounds each, making a gain of 118 
pounds each, or in other words 5,000 pounds of 
corn made 1,770 pounds of pork, making the 
gain of weight per day on whole 42J^ pounds, 
and on each hog 217-21 pounds. 
It will be seen that in this case three pounds 
of corn made one of pork. 
The originnl weight of my 15 hogs was. 2.490 lbs. 
Gain iu weight.1,770 
Tota. 4,260 
Weighed at Chicago. 4,009 
Loss by shrinkage... 191 
Sold in Chlcag* 4,009 lbs. at l0>£c. per lb. 
amounting to. $127 21# 
Freight and food at Chicago... 7 18 
Net amount. $'120 06# 
The weight gained by the hogs in 42 days, was 
1,770 pounds, which at lOj^c. per lb., amounted 
to $185 85, After deducting from this the price 
of the corn, $45, the net pro lit is $140 85. 
I should have mentioned that I kept them well 
supplied with M ater all the time, and gave them 
salt and ashes mixed, throe times a week. I was a 
a few days too late in the market. 1 shipped 
with a man who had a part of a ear load, and by 
the time we got ready, hogs began to decline. 
The day M'c shipped they were quoted at 1l’-fj to 
12c., but the day we got to market they M-ere 
selling from 9)4 to 10e., but as we had a nice lot 
we got H^c. per pound. 
Fur Skins—How to Dress. 
Dressing skins with the far on is a simple 
process. Carefully avoid getting blood or dirt 
upon the fur before and while skinning tbe 
animal. Then stretch the skin tightly upon a 
board, and scrape with a dull knife until you 
remove all the flesh. Mix two quarts of milk, 
a teacupful of salt and half an ounce of oil of 
vitriol. Warm this mixture to somewhat more 
than blood heat, but not scalding, and souk the 
skiu in it forty minutes, stirring and squeezing 
it in t.lie warm liquid. Press out the liquid and 
let the skin dry a short time, aud then commence 
rubbing the flesh side with all your strength 
aeross the smooth edge of a board. Continue 
this M*ork until Die pelt is entirely dry. 
Another process is to cover the flesh side of 
the skins when first’ taken off with powdered 
ulurn and 6att in equal quantities, which may 
remain from one to four days, and then bo 
Mulshed off in warm soap-sud6, partially dried, 
and afterward rubbed until thoroughly so. In 
rubbing dry you may use powdered chalk, 
and afterward sprinkle with powdered alum 
and fold up for a few days, when the skin will 
be thoroughly cured and very soft. 
For making glove leather, the hair must be 
first removed by lime or ley upon the flesh side', 
then thoroughly M-ash in soap-suds, aud after¬ 
ward soak several days iu a paste made of brains; 
then rub dry, and cure by smoking moderately 
adopted changing filename of tlie Association to „ , : ’ , . ' .. ,, 
that of "The American Dairymens Association." for a week in a cool place. Tbit Mill gn« the 
Steps were- taken to provide the necessary funds fine, soft, durable Indian moccasin leather.— 
for sending un Agent, to Europe. We omitted to Solon Jtobinson. 
say in our proceeding article that Mr. X. A. -- 
Willard delivered the Annual Address. . 
ing interests here advocate to some extent fret s ideration, but they demand them in tbe Cheddar 
with hill thov df) tills Ut till! L‘X- , .. T -r ■» % _ a t 
trade with Canada, but they do this ut the ex¬ 
pense of the farming interests erf this country. 
Ten years have been given to the protection of 
commerce by this treaty. Now, when every 
branch of our producing interest* are to be taxed 
to the utmost extent to support tbe National 
credit, wo are not asking too much when we de¬ 
mand the market furnished by this nation free 
or Cheshire style.” In London he was told that 
ot' cheese of the proper quality, one weighing 
from 60 to 05 pounds would out-sell, by four 
shillings a hundred, one weighing S5 pounds. 
Another dealer said that “cutters of cheese mTio 
call for those weighing 65 pounds will not spend 
CHEESE FACTORIES. 
There are in tu-Cuty-nine counties of the 
State of New York, 425 cheese factories. Oneida 
contains 80; Jefferson, 78; Otsego, 35; Madison, 
34; LeM’is, 82; Herkimer, 81; Oswego, 21; Che¬ 
nango, 19, Ac. Tlie aggregate summary of these 
435 factories is as follows :— 
Cost ofbnildings and apparatus. $862,831 
Persons employed, male . 705 
Persons employed* female*. 781 
Average number of cows. 128,520 
Ponnds of milk used... 307,677,242 
Pounds of cheese made. 32,063,014 
The reports of 133 factories for the year 1864, 
present the following aggregates :— 
Cost of buildingB and apparatus. $378,187 
Persons employed, male.. 258 
Persons employed, female..*.. 302 
N amber of cows used. 67,031 
Pounds of milk used. 187,822,838 
Pounds of cheese made. 18,942,435 
Average Dumber of pounds of milk to one 
of cheese. 9.915 
Pounds of inilk to a cow. &9Q2 
Pounds of cheese to a cow. 283 
Value of clieese at 20c. per pound. $3,788,087 
Average value of cheese to a cow. $50.75 
In 1804 cheese M-as sold from 10 to 30 cents 
per pound, the average price being about 20 
cents. 
How to Get Rid of Rats. 
For some years I was considerably annoyed 
with rats. 1 tried various “vermin-poisons,” 
traps, etc., M-ith very little success, until I 
thought of a mode which we adopted for de¬ 
stroying dogs that used to hunt our rabbit- 
warren in the old country. So I got u quantity 
of broken bottles and M-indow-glass, and with a 
hammer and an old anvil, triturated it pretty 
fine (a stoue would do to pound Hie glass on). 
I then sifted the coarse part ont, aud mixed a 
cupful of the fine with a cupful of flour and 
another of oat-meal, and scenting it M'ith a few 
drops of essence of aniseed to attract them, I 
placed it on boards in the cellar, etc. They ate 
it up bo fast that one of the family observed, 
that, “instead of poisoning, it must be fatten¬ 
ing them;” but u l’CM r days told a different story. 
The last mess served for them remains un¬ 
touched yet, though put down last fall, and no 
appearance of rat or mouse, living or dead, 
since. Neither have we noticed any smell, or 
blue-botUe (meat) flies, as there would have 
been had they died on the premises. It was a 
happy riddance. The mixture must be kept 
from children, dogs, and oUier silly animals, as 
it would kill them as well as the rats.—ife. 
The Paris Exhibition.—T he Prairie Farmer of the 
20th Inst, says:—“Two or three weeks ago we pub¬ 
lished the advertisement for the United States 
“Agency for the Paris Universal Exhibition. A 
"private letter from the agent, Mr. Dekbt, states 
“ that our agricultural interests are not to he as well 
“ represented as they onght to be, judging from the 
"applications now on flic. We are sorry to learn 
“this." And the Farmer urges Western implement 
makers, &c., to “ look over the advertisement referred 
*' to, and see If they do not wish to do something for 
“ the credit «»f their country and for their own credit,” 
aud so on—closing by referring all M'ho wish hill par¬ 
ticulars to “the U. 8. Agent, J. C. Derby, No. 5 
“Spruce St., Tribune Building, New York.” 
The above i3 given for the benefit of such of onr 
hundreds of thousands of readers as may be interest¬ 
ed. We art: pot surprised that there are few “appli¬ 
cations now on flic” for m-c have only seen Mr. D.'s 
advertisement in one or two agricultural or other 
journals, and but very few and meager notices of the 
proposed “Exposition" anywhere. This journal 
(which circulates somewhat throughout the States, 
Canadas, <fcc.,) has not, we believe, even been favored 
with a circular or request to notice an exhibition at 
which it 1 b now feared “our agricultural interests are 
not to be us well represented as they ought, to be "— 
and we presume the Agricultural Press generally has 
been treated in like manner. Asking neither favor 
nor patronage from tbe Agent, (and especially adver¬ 
tising as we have had an overplus of that every n r cefe 
for months,) we respectfully submit that if the Expo¬ 
sition had been properly advertised In leading agricul¬ 
tural and other Journals, there Would probably be 
much less ot no occasion for tlie tears now expressed 
In a private letter to our contemporary. 
Farm Bars, Gates, &c.—Tbe New England Farmer 
of last week fin an article on the National Gate) 
says: —“In the last Rural New-Yorker a writer 
defends the old-fashioned bars. He says 1 they are 
much cheaper than gates, more easily constructed, 
less liable to be broken and more readily repaired, in 
case of accident, 1 ” This is strong, apparently, but 
hardly a fair extract, for the very sentence procedlng 
the one quoted reads—“It is somewhat the fashion 
to decry bars, bnt we think they have their place, and 
arc likely to keep it, on the farm." And reasonirwere 
given for their use, in some places. In preference to 
gates, Bnt the Rural is “ sound “ on the gate ques¬ 
tion, for the article preceding the one quoted from 
illustrates and describes two excellent gab-*, and 
strongly favors “introducing gates in the place of 
those lUril's warping bars in common use," So you 
will please observe, Brother, Gov. Brown, that M-e 
don’t go for either bars or gate* entirely, or In all 
places, but strike the “ happy medium.’’ and would 
have “ the right thing io the right place.” Therefore 
wc reckon you are a little fast, good friend, in quoting 
the Rural as disparaging gates and preferring bars. 
Of the tM*o we prefer to be classed on the other side 
of the “fence," where a quotation from the article on 
gates would place us, decidedly. 
Egyptian Wheat.—A Wisconsin friend— Mr. Oscar 
Berry, near Fond du Lac-sends us a specimen of this 
M-hcat. grown In that State. It Is doubtless rightly 
uamed, and is the product of a rich soil and rank 
growth. The original type of this variety grows in 
the Valley of the Nile, and Is likewise found in Cali¬ 
fornia. We think It will assume the common form, 
when long cultivated in colder latitudes. Mr, B. 
writes:—’’The sample is poor, as you will perceive; 
the head Ss not filled out good ; it was struck with the 
rust, being sown very late, J think it needs to be 
sown early. When well filled there, should bo four 
distinct heads, branching from the main head on each 
side, making nine heads. It Is said to have yielded 
60 to 75 bushels per acre. 1 had only u tew handfuls 
to sow last spring. The quality you will find very 
good, resembling winter wheat. The straw is very 
heavy and strong, scarcely any pith, and very u-oody, 
which it would have to be to support such heavy 
heads” 
Items from Iowa.—A correspondent at Clarence, 
Cedar Co., Iowa, gives us these items in a business 
letter to the Rural :—“On the open prairie- where 
wo are, lumber is from forty to sixty dollars per 
thoueand; shingles, nails, &c., in proportion. It. is 
a fine country fur corn, prairie chickens aud horse 
flies; the latter are ueutral, however, at the present 
time. The weather in November was as flue Indian 
summer as any reasonable man conld 3sk for, except 
the first and twenty-eighth, and the two first days of 
December made np for them. In the mouth of July 
last, during the wheat harvest, we had two weeks of 
cold, wet weather. About tbe same time the chintz 
bugs, which have been such a pest in this western 
country, took leave of ns, and wc have seen nothing 
of them since. A friend of mine w-riteB from Illinois 
the same about the bugs. We call that good news.” 
The Cheese Factory Association of Massachusetts 
is to hold its second annual meeting at West Brook¬ 
field, ou Thursday next (Feb. 1J at o’clock A. M. 
Reports from the various factories in the State will be 
made, and all interested in the dairy business — 
whether residents ol Massachusetts or other States— 
are invited to attend and participate in the doings. 
Transportation op Live Stock through Canada. 
—The recent act of Congress prohibiting the importa¬ 
tion of cattle from Canada to the United States, does 
not efleet tbe shipment of cattle through Canada from 
one part of the 17. S. to another. The Michigan Cen¬ 
tral and Great Western Railways are shipping cattle, 
swine, etc., as usual between Detroit and Suspension 
Bridge. 
Broom Corn.—M r. C. C. Emerson, Minnesota, 
M-rites that information is wanted concerning the 
raising of broom corn, the method of making brooms, 
and the profits therefrom. Will some Rural reader 
of. experience give us an article ou the growing and 
management of broom com, the profits, <fcc.? 
‘^Peppermint Distillery. —Mr. C. D. Carpenter, 
Livingston Co., Mich., asks us to state in the Rural 
where a “peppermint distillery" is situated, and 
what a distillery alone will cost, Wc cannot answer 
positively. Can any of our readers give the desired 
information ? 
Coal Ashes. —“ Are coal ashes valuable as manure? 
If so, how and to what shall I apply them?" Coal 
ashes are not very valuable. Apply them to grass 
land as a top dressing, or put them around the tranks 
of your fruit trees. 
An Intrnational Cheese Exhibition was held 
at Paris, France, dn the 21st of December. If another 
exhibition is to be had, onr American cheese factories 
ought to be represented, for they can undoubtedly 
excel "all the world aud the rest of mankind” in 
cheese manufacturing. 
