TERMS, $3.00 RER YEAR.] 
1 PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
[SINGLE NO. TEN CENTS 
[WHOLE NO. 837. 
VOL. XVII. NO. 5,! 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1866. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1850. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEXKXY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAAIII.Y NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corps of Able AMlntmU and Contributor*. 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL, D., 
Editor of the Department of Sheep Husbandry, 
XW Fob Terms and other particulars see last page. 
VARIOUS TOPICS DISCUSSED. 
A Word to Our Readers. 
You have noticed, kind friends, that under a 
general head we endeavor to discuss a variety of 
Topics. We seek to give practical hints and 
valuable information about subjects connected 
with this Department of the Rural. We cor¬ 
dially invite our readers to assist us. Consider 
these columns a medium through which you may 
impart valuable knowledge to your brother 
fanners, as well as ncrivc it yonrself. Facts and 
observations given by practical men about practi¬ 
cal things, arc of more importance and interest 
than the finest theories told in the most elegant 
and faultless style. Favor ns with your knowl¬ 
edge and experience and it shall be our business 
to put yonr ideas into an attractive and proper 
shape before the public. 
Measuring Hay in the Mow or Stack. 
. 8. H. 8., Naples, N. Y., wants to know how 
many feet of hay in the 6taek or mow make a 
tun. As it is inconvenient always to weigh he 
thinks this knowledge would benefit many hav¬ 
ing hay to buy or sell. 
Mr. F. W. Lat communicates to the Rubai. 
the following answer to this query. “Farmers 
frequently find it convenient to know about how 
much hay a mow contains. Though different 
kinds of hay will weigh lighter or heavier, I have 
found that about 450 feet cubic hulk will make a 
tun of hay. But in au old-fashioned BO by 40 
foot barn, with a 10 foot mow, I have a very 
simple rule that I have often found useful in 
buying, selling, and estimating hay in bulk. 
Allow one tun of hay to every ten inches in 
height of ordinary hay. In dry clover it will 
take nearly a foot, and very fine hay somewhat 
loss than ten Inches, but ordinarily this rule will 
he found correct.’’ 
Doubtless no rule can be given which will be 
found exact in all cases. Good judgment is re¬ 
quired. Another correspondent from. Spring 
Villa writes:—“I have been engaged in haying 
summer and winter more than forty years, bay¬ 
ing and selling as occasion required, sometimes 
by weight aud sometimes by measure; and my 
conviction is that in common mows, say fifteen 
by thirty, with fourteen foot posts, and the mow 
filled, 400 cubic feet are required for a tun; 
From April 1st, 1865 to Jan 1st, 1866 the pro- 1 
ducts sold from the hens amounted to sixty- 
eight dollars and ninety-four cents. The post 
season 1 put three parts of swamp muck to ' 
one of hen mannro, Mixed It well together and I 
put half a pint to each hill. I have also used 1 
other fertilizers, as plaster and ashes. The result 1 
is different from last year, .more com and less i 
stalk3. The com where the compost was applied 1 
was twenty-five per cent, better to the rod than 
that on which no inanu re was used, while the stalks 
I were only ten per cent, better. My potatoes 
manured with the compost were no more in 
number in the hill than the nnmanured ones, 
but they grew one third on the average larger. 
Machinery for Women. 
A lady correspondent, dating from Elkhorn, 
Wis., sends us the following article on Machinery 
for Women. The sentiments of the writer are 
pertinent and truthful. We believe the use of 
labor saving machinery adapted to woman's 
work, has not kept pace with that intended to 
lighten the toil of the stronger sex. This is 
wrong; it is antagonistic to the spirit of the 
age, aud we advise the ladies to agitate the ques¬ 
tion until juBticu is rendered: 
“ In the present abundance of labor saving ma¬ 
chines do women have anything like their share? 
I think not And this is not because there are 
no good machines made for their help, but is 
greatly owing to the negligence of husbands, 
fathers and brothers to provide them. Ouo of 
my neighbors, a progressive sort of a farmer out 
of doors, was asked by his wife the other day to 
buy her a knitting machine (she has only five 
boys to kuit for.) You should have seeu the in¬ 
jured look he put on. 
“ I am astonished at you Jane” said he “ don’t 
you know that the interest on the money a ma¬ 
chine would cost would hire your knitting done?” 
“ Perhaps it would” said she, “ if yon could 
get your work done when you wanted it, without 
spending your time to hunt up some one to do 
it, and besides money would be more plenty with 
you than common when you gave me any to pay 
for knitting." 
Mr. Jones caught up Itfs hat and left the house 
• and presently the noise of a corn sheller began in 
the shop not far off. 
“ That’s just the way,” said Mrs. Jones “ when¬ 
ever I ask John for anything to make my work 
easier. 11 he wants a machine of any kind he call 
always see his way clear to get it. He has got 
, hundreds of dollars worth of machinery and 1 
should also like a just share.” “ Whenever I ask 
JOsUUA to buy me a sewing machine he always 
! says, “ Why Rachel I’d buy you one inaminute, 
but you see women don’t know anything about 
; using machines, and they would have oue out of 
; gear In Icbs than twenty-four hours, and thaCa 
what's the matter." 
i “Maybe that’s so, but I don’t see why a 
r women who have ingenuity enough to make all 
i the articles of their owu and their children's 
wardrobe which so many women do, should uot 
; be bright enough to use a sewing machine. 
wide, notched into No. 1, level with the face. 
The lower end of No. 1 is tenoned into No. 8. 
No. 2 passes through No. 1 and is also tennoned. 
No. 1 should bo so framed as to be one inch back 
from the face of Nos. 2 and 3, to make room to 
let the slats in level with the surface of the 
frame. The number of the slats from four to 
six according to width, and the top and bottom 
ones at least should be dove-tailed; then all 
WEST'S FARM 6ATE. 
thoroughly nailed, using screws or pressed nails 
to fasten to the middle cross-piece. No. 5 is 
made of a two-inch plank, shaped to fit the low¬ 
er part of the post around which it is to pass in 
swinging. It is fastened to the gate by a pin 
through it and No. 3, and a three or four Inch 
carriage bolt near the extreme point. The top 
of the post should be cone-shaped so that No. 1 
of the gate will not rub on the outer edge when 
It swings. An inch and a half ptu driven firmly 
in the top of the post and left two Inches long, 
forms the pivot on which the gate swings. The 
hole to receive the pivot, should be bored from 
the lower side of No, and but part way through 
or the rain will cause the post to rot. So much 
for the gate.” 
A correspondent writing from Angola, Ind., 
sends us a drawing and description of a some¬ 
what novel gate. 
no doubt would depart of themselves; others 8 
might bo removed by simple motion. Neverthe- i 
less such possiblo remedies should never tie i 
trusted. Neither should gin and pepper, red 
pepper and peppermint, hot beer and mustard, 
rubbing the abdomen with a broomstick, knead- ! 
Ing the belly violently with a man’s ... 
knee, or any popular measure be per- lyvwk 
mitted. Such remedies are likely to 'hwmSvN 
get rid of colie by causing enteritis. 
When Inflammation of tho bowels 
thus originates, it is generally fatal, ;|j|f |i" 
the strength being exhausted aud the 
powers of nature worn out by the ' 
previous disorder —not. to mention 
the prepossession of tlia spectators, ‘"u'm j fj 
which prevents the more serious dis- 
ease from being early recognized. 
Auy cauBti may kindle colic. It is 
common after fast drivlug; hence 
many gentlemen take colic drinks to *- 
Epsom races. The affection wliich in 
ladies is designated spasms, in gentle- 1 
men is called pain In the bowels, and in children 
is known os the bellyache, is, in tho horse, colic; 
and from the largeness of the animal’s intestines, 
the affection probably provokes more anguish In 
tho quadruped than the same disorder does in 
the entire human race. Under whatever term it 
may bo recognized, spasmodic colic is never 
more than partial contraction of the muscular 
coat of the intestines. The action so com¬ 
presses a part of tho tube as to expel the blood 
and render the natural pink of the tissues, for 
some time after the disorder has departed a 
glistening white. Tho blood, driven from par¬ 
ticular spots, is forced into those parts in which 
no disease exists. Excess of blood predisposes 
to inflammation; hence we probably trace the 
reasou why, if spasmodic colic be suffered to 
continue, the affection is so apt to end in incur¬ 
able enteritis. 
Colic most often attacks the small intestines, 
though the disease is by no means confined to 
those parts. It first occurs on a limited space; 
presently It vanishes altogether, and afterward 
re-appears on some distant, portion of the all- 
mejitary canal, or, In other words, colic dodges 
and striking at the abdomen quickly follow; and 
while the horse looks toward the flank, a morbid 
fire is perceptible in the eye. 
No relief being afforded, tho pains lengthen, 
while tire Intervals of tranquility become shorter. 
The action grows move fierce and the aspect 
THE FIRST STAGE OF SPASMODIC COLIC, 
more wild. • The pawing is more brief, but more 
energetic; often during its continuance the foot 
Is raised and violently stamped upon the ground. 
The animal now does not attempt to feed, but 
stareB for a minute at a time, with an inquiring 
gaze, toward the abdomen. At, length, without 
warning or preparation, the body leaps upward 
to fail violently upon the floor. The shock is 
often fearful; bat the animal in its torment ap¬ 
pears to derive cubo from tho violence. Being 
down, it rolls from side to side and kicks about, 
until one of its feet, touching the wall, enables 
the horse to poise Itself upon the back. 
i Should relief not be quickly provided, colic 
i soon passes Into enteritis. The pulse, from bo* 
s ing unchanged at first, then simply quickened 
i by pain, grows harder and more wiry. The In* 
tennisBions are lost, and though the anguish may 
fora space be less, yet in its continuity it Is 
, more exhausting. 
> On 11 io appearance of colic, the morbid Action 
; ought to be immediately counteracted. Aloes 
I in solution is generally administered; 6ueh a 
- medicine, unless guarded us before recommended, 
8 is by no means advisable. Sulphuric ether and 
about, its attacks becoming more numerous and laudanum should be in the possession of every 
while a mow with sixteen or eighteen foot posts' Besides 1 notice that a man, if he don’t know 
with a heavy pressure of graia on the top and 
fine hay, may require less. And a small mow, 
say fourteen or sixteen feet square, with twelve 
foot posts, would require a cube of eight feet or 
512 cubic feet for a tun. Good judgment is 
necessary to measure hay with any degree of 
accuracy.” 
Do Hens Pay if Well Kept! 
Mr. Seymour Joiner, North Egremont, 
Mubs., thinks they will, aud in proof thereof 
furnishes us Die following statement: 
Having kept a memorandum for the last two 
years I thought I would send you the result. I 
keep about thirty fowls, three or lour cocks and 
the rest hens. From the first day of April 1864, 
to tho same date 1865, the products sold from 
the fowls amounted to forty three dollars and 
thirteen cents. Wo used in the family about 
half the cliiekeus, and all the eggs we wanted. I 
put the hen manure on corn, about half a gill to 
each hill, without any other fertilizers, having 
enough to go over four acres and a half, leaving 
enough to make a wooden llnch-piu will have 
his reaper and mower and contrive to use them 
so as to avoid the old laborious process of 
saving his crops; and any farmer who should 
hesitate about buying one, no matter whether his, 
farm was paid for or not, would be looked upon 
by his neighbors as little better than a fool. 
Why should not a woman be equally scrupulous 
to lighten the never-ceasing labor in-doors ? It 
is a notorious fact that it is not done. Is not 
the tedious dash-churn used iu nearly every farm 
house unless dairying is the main business fol¬ 
lowed ? And does not the fatiguing washboard 
do duty fifty-two days in the year in a large ma¬ 
jority of kitchens? Let those who know best 
answer. 1 hope the time will come, although I 
don’t expect to live to see it, when a tjood wash¬ 
ing machine and wringer in the kitchen, shall be 
con Hided the test of a mail’s civilization.” 
--- . -- ■ ■ — 
ABOUT FARM GATES-NO. III. * 
Mr. J. B. West, of Orleans Co., N. Y., sends 
THE SLIDING GATE. 
The novel feature connected with this gate is 
the way it is hung, and the method of opening. 
There are no hinges to this gate. The gate Itself, 
as may be readily seen in the engraving, is eon 
structed of six bars, or Btrips ol‘board, morticed 
and pinned into two scantling for tho end pieces. 
There are no braces on the gate. On the left 
hand 6ide of the engraving are two posts set in 
the ground. These are connected by two strips 
on which the upper and next to the lower bars 
of the gate rest. These posts should be set far 
enough apart to permit the gato t,o slide readily 
between them, and the oue in the farthest side of 
the gate should bu placed threo or four Inches In 
the rear of the other. With this arrangement 
one can take hold of the gate at the other end, 
where it latches to the single post, shove it back 
a few feet till it balances on the slats between 
the two posts, and then swing it round to 
the left. 
This gate allows of very cheap construction. 
It is not necessary to make any mortices. A 
tho Intermissions shorter as the period of its 
commencement grows more distant. Change of 
water, change of food, getting wet, fatiguing 
journeys, are all likely to originate it; but, per¬ 
haps, it is most frequently exhibited when uo 
known cause is in operation. Aloes, however, 
arc proved to be among the surest provocatives 
of this disease. Many horses cannot swallow 
pure alocB in any form, without being severely 
griped. For such animals, the following drench 
iB recommended, Instead of tho above - named 
drug in substance:—Sulphuric ether and laud¬ 
anum, of each, one ounce; compound tincture 
of aloes made with diluted spirits of wine, 
five ounces; cold water, one pint. If greater 
streugth he requisite, obtain it by the addition 
of tincture of gentian, every onuco of which is 
equal, when combined, to oue drachm ol’ aloes. 
Colic, always commences suddenly; 
it starts into life ready armed for mis 
chief. The animal may be apparently 
well and feeding. Without visible 
cause the head is raised and the oc¬ 
cupation ceases. Should the pain 
last, tho hind-foot is lilted to strike 
horse proprietor. One pint of each —the two 
being mixed together, with one ounce of rank 
oil floating on top to prevent evaporation or 
mistakes —will bo perfectly safe in any house¬ 
hold. The mixture should, however, be well 
shaken before it is employed: two ounces of the 
combination in half a pint, of water constitutes 
an excellent colic drink. Give three, of these, 
oue every ten minutes. If no improvement be 
displayed, double the quantity of the active 
ugents and continue the drenches at the period 
stated: these medicines should be persevered 
with uutil the symptoms disappear. 
Turpentine, as an enema, is an excellent 
adjuucL Mr. T. W. Gowing of Camden Town, 
cured a lingering fit of colic by administering a 
pint of turpentine mixed with a quart of the 
solution of soap. The strong liquor of ammo- 
strip of pine nailed on each side of the ends of the belly, arid tire fore-leg begins to 
the six ham would fasten the gate together about 
as secure as if they were morticed ami pinned. 
Except lor greater durability the posts need not 
bo heavy, as the bearing on them is in such a 
manner as not to Bag them. We think this gate 
could be constructed cheaper by one-third than 
a good set of bars would cost. Our correspond¬ 
ent says he has made eleven, during the past 
season, and they give good satisfaction. 
SPASMODIC COLIC.-GRIPES. 
Colic is one of the most frequent diseases to 
which horses arc subject, and from not recog¬ 
nizing tho disease la its earliest stage, and the 
want of proper treatment, It often comes to a 
scrupc the pavement. The groom, 
who has merely left to procure a pail 
of water from an adjacent pump, on 
his return discovers his charge ex¬ 
hibiting evident signs of uneasiness. 
As the man stares, wondering what 
oau be the matter, the horse is paw¬ 
ing and the nose slowly points to T 
the flank. All then is explained. Fret 
is the matter, and it would be “J/■<.?,’ should 
tho disease prove to bo of a very different nature. 
While the horse is being watched, every indi¬ 
cation ol disturbance may disappear. The coun¬ 
tenance tranquilizes and the nose is again 
iuserted Into the manger. A few minutes elapse 
and the pangs are renewed. The second fit may 
•* 
four rows without any manure through the field us a drawing and description of his mode of fatal termination. F requently tho treatment is last longer anil be slightly more severe. Then 
THE SECOND STAGE OF SPASMODIC COLIC. 
nia, diluted with six l imes Its bulk of water and 
applied by means of a saturated cloth, held to 
the abdomen in a rug several times doubled, 
1 ‘ is likewise frequently beneficial. If these means, 
’ used simultaneously, produce no amendment in 
11 two hours, watch the pulse, for there is most 
“ probably something beyond simple colic to 
^ contend with.” 
for the purpose of satisfying myself of its efficacy. 
I harvested it separate, aud then weighed what 
grew on a like area of manured and nnmanured 
ground, for the purpose of testing it. The corn 
with manure on a rod weighed 86)4 lbs. That on 
a rod without manure weighed 27 lbs. The 
stalks on a rod with manure weighed 16]^ lbs., 
without manure 13 lbs. The pumpkins” were 
about four to one in favor of manure. 
making farm gates, which he says “ requires 
much less labor to make than some you recom¬ 
mend iu late numbers of the Rural, and I think 
equally strong and durable, il' not more so. 
No. 1 is a white elm sapling four to six Inches 
through at ibe but and seventeen to eighteen 
feet long. Nos. 2 and 3, oak scantling three by 
three inches and four and a half feet long. No. 
4, a hard-wood inch board four or five inches 
so unskillful that it aggravates the disease, and another, but a shorter period of ease billows; Great attention is paid just now in France 
induces inflammation of the bowels. We believe t ] lua the visitations will ensue upon spaces of en- to horse breeding. — Post and rail timber should 
the information on this subject, contained In the tiro exemption from anguish. The recommence- bo cut before the sap begins to circulate. — Sur J 
following illustrated article from the English nmnt of agony usually is denoted by a disposition face manuring appears to-answer much the some 
work of Mayhkw, will prove of value to horse* to down. The animal crouches; next it purpose as liquid manuring. —The dimensions 
owners. turns round a» though the Intention was to 0 f m. L. Sullivant's farm in Champaign Co., 
“ Spasmodic colic is an affection which every stretchout the limbs; but suddenly the erect Illinois, are seventy thousand acres. — Different 
loiterer about a stable, from a postboy to a far- attitude is assumed—tbs design, lately so nearly plants take different constituents from the soil, 
rier, imagines he is able to cure. Many attacks executed, having been forgotten. I hen pawiug hence the rotation of crops is indispensable. 
