MOOBU’S SURAL MEW-YORKER, 
71 
Jl Al V) 
NEW YORK AS AN APPLE GROWING 
STATE, AND HER MARKET. 
has become an important article of commerce, 
and must hereafter be grown with that view and 
for that purpose — not as an incidental crop, but 
for market and for profit. E. C. Frost. 
Watkins, N. Y. 
For several years past the extensive apple 
dealers of Chicago have purchased their apples 
for fall and winter trade in the States of Ohio 
and Michigan, and those for the spring trade in 
Western New York. The reason why they make 
this discrimination, or procure the fruit grown ^ 
in New York for spring trade, is because those B 
grown in Ohio and Michigan will not keep long ^ 
enough to be handled in the spring. j 
* Some of the w inter v arieties of_New_York, j 
when grown south, or in a more southern lati¬ 
tude, - become fall fruit Instead of winter; j 
hence, New York has, to its fruit growers, j 
a valuable, permanent and increasing advan- , 
tage.j Tbe apples in the lake country, (inclu- ; 
ding Steuben, Chemung, Sebuylcr, Tompkins, , 
Tioga and Broome counties,) arc purchased ( 
and shipped into Pennsylvania to Bupply the fl 
extensive coal sections, In part, and a larger ^ 
portion taken through that State by canal and 
railroad to Philadelphia and Baltimore. 
In Western New York, in the counties border- a 
ing Lake Ontario, apples are bought for the Can j 
ada market, and In the same counties, aud fur- 
ther Inland, are shipped eastward by the Erie j 
canal to New York, or in part by canal and in 
part by rail to Boston and the manufacturing t 
towns and cities ol' the cask Last fall lifty t 
thousand barrels of apples were transshipped ; 
at Schenectady from boat to rail at Troy and Al- f 
bany, for Boston and the east — while the main , 
portion of the apples bought In this State, for t 
the Boston and Eastern market, go by boats to 
New York, and thence coastwise. 
After having shown that large quantities of the j. 
apples grown in this State arc shipped to the < 
Pennsylvania coal regions, Philadelphia and Bal- ] 
timore — southerly, westward, north and east- ( 
ward —we have to Btatc that by far the greatest | 
portion are shipped from New York City to the s 
Southern States, Southern Islands, Bermuda and 
Europe. This last outlet demand or trade Is 
immense, and limited only by the supply. Sliips 
are bnilt with a view to accommodating this 
trade, having suitable arrangements for storing 
and preserv ing the fruit. Cargoes are made up, 
in some cases, for southern climates, with north, 
ern lee and New York apples. 
The growth and shipment of apples is not con- i 
fined to Western New York and the Lake coun¬ 
ties aud those above named, but includes Onon¬ 
daga, Oswego, Madison, Chenango, Oneida, and 
the Hudson River counties, portions along the 
Mohawk river, and the Chenango canal and 
Albany and Susqucbannah railroad. 
Though the price of fruit has been high the 
past season, it will he remembered that there 
has been a gradual or steady increase for the last 
ten, twenty, thirty years; and Judging from the 
past and present, tbe increase in price must 
continue. This Increase in price has not been 
confined to the grafted or best varieties, hut the 
natural fruit, grown in the old orchards yet 
standing and fit only for cider, now command a 
price along the thoroughfares of the State much 
above what the grafted fruit was worth a few 
years since. Making cider now, instead of being 
done only for the use of each family, or the 
neighborhood, has become un extensive, perma¬ 
nent and paying business. Exteuslve buildings 
and cellars have been erected along tbe eastern 
portion of the Erie canal, and other places, for 
manufacturing the best quality of cider. To 
supply these with apples to manufacture seve¬ 
ral thousand barrel:, each, older apples are bought, 
as high as fifty cents per bushel, along the canals 
and railroads, and moved one to two hundred 
miles. The cider is refined and put up In casks 
and bottles aud sent south and to the cities, and 
6old at a large profit—such a profit as must 
increase the number of these establishments. 
This increasing demand for apples for making 
cider, and the rapid decay of the old orchards of 
natural fruit, must eventually Induce the plant¬ 
ing of the Harrison Crab, Canfield, and other va¬ 
rieties making the most and best quality of cider. 
It appears from the above facts, brought about, 
if we may bo allowed the expression, In a natu¬ 
ral way, that lire State of New York must have 
great natural advantages, relating to soil and 
climate, for producing this fruit, which, if prop¬ 
erly realized and improved, must in future be of 
vast importance and value, and at no distant 
day prove to be one of the most valuable prod¬ 
ucts of the State. Why this State should pro¬ 
duce tide fruit to be exported in every direction, 
may Beem strange, ub it realty Is; or what the 
real cause of the superior climate, it may be dif 
ficult to determine, to the satisfaction of all. 
It may be the latitude and the proximity ol’ the 
Ocean on one side and the great lakes on the 
other, making it almost an island, with its nu¬ 
merous inland lakes. 
Many couuties, towns, aud individuals have 
realized large profits from the sale of <Vult the 
past season. We wish we had the amount in 
each county, that we could give the vast total. 
Oswego County last season exported apples 
'sufficient to pay her taxes, extraordinary and 
ordinary. One man in that county, paying a 
rent of one hundred dollars per year for twenty- 
five acres, sold five hundred dollars worth by tbe 
barrel, and the balance in a lump of five hun¬ 
dred more. Several persons in Oneida County 
NOTES ON THE GRAPE IN OHIO AND THE 
TERRITORY SOUTH OF IT. 
Kns. Rural New-Yorker: — For three years < 
I have had the opportunity of making somewhat, 
extended observations in regard to the culture i 
of the grape in Ohio and the States south of It, i 
and although the facts noted may be well known 
to many, they may perhaps be new to some of i 
your readers, aud of sufficient interest to induce 
you to give them a place in your paper. : 
1 have supposed, in common with many, that i 
the genial climate of Kentucky, Tennessee, i 
Northern Georgia and Alabama, was peculiarly 1 
well adapted to the grape; and upon my first i 
visits to these States the luxuriant growth of the 
wild vines in the hilly and mountainous parts 
tended to confirm this opinion. But no nttempt 
at the culture of the grape worthy of any notice 
was found, until Chattanooga was reached. 
Ilere, and at points south and east of Chatta¬ 
nooga, extensive vineyards were found, aud 
according to the testimony of citizens, good and 
profitable crops have been raised. 
An abandoned plantation near Chattanooga 
had upon it about 40 acres of vineyards, mostly 
Catawba, and of strong, vigorous vines. Most 
of these were carefully trimmed, staked and 
cultivated during the spring and summer ot 
1SG4, with the design of furnishing the fruit for 
hospital asee. The vines blossomed freely and 
were soon loaded with young fruit. But a warm, 
drenching and protracted rain followed, the rot 
immediately appeared, and in a few weeks not a 
grape- wan left. But the vines made a vigorous 
growth, and it was determined to keep up their 
care and try the experiment, again another year. 
In August the leaves began to fade, and at the 
end of the month the vinca were stripped of 
their foliage. On inquiry of citizens, this was 
ascertained to be the usual habit of tbe vine, the 
leaves falling early and before the grapes ma¬ 
tured Further observation and Inquiries at 
Nashville aud other points, developed the fact 
that, this was the normal habit of the vine 
throughout all this region. An intelligent Eng¬ 
lish gardener who had several years’ experience 
witli the vine in this country while In the employ 
of Longwoktii of Cincinnati, who had been for 
eeVCrul years subsequently gardener at the Lu¬ 
natic Asylum near Nashville, and was then, in 
the summer of 1864, employed on the Ackland 
estate near the city, Informed mo that he had 
never succeeded in raising a good bunch of 
grapes in the State iu the open air. The. drench¬ 
ing spring rains either prevented the fruit from 
setting or 6wept St off by the rot; or, if it 
escaped tills, the summer drouths proved 
equally destructive; the leaves dropped before 
the fruit matured, so that ihe fruit was uniformly 
Imperfectly ripened and insipid. My own ob¬ 
servations confirmed the truth of his statements. 
All the grapcB seen were imperfectly ripened; 
green aud half grown grapes being mingled in 
the same bunch with those called ripe, which 
were insipid, aud to one accustomed to good 
grapes, worthless. 
The dry summer of 1865 proved almost ns 
disastrous to the vineyards at Chattanooga as 
t.he early rains of the season before; and it may 
be safely asserted that we have yet no grape that 
can he relied upon to produce a regular and good 
crop in any part of these States, unless it be in the 
more elevated regions among the mountains. 
The wild vines retain their foliage until late in 
the season, but only occasionally yield fruit. 
The soil possesses a remarkable degree of 
fertility, and in good seasons produces abundant 
crops with little labor; but it is certain that 
alternations of floods and drouths are much 
more common than in the regions north of the 
Ohio river, and persons who contemplate remov¬ 
ing to these States should bear this in mind. 
Intelligent citizens of Tennessee and Northern 
Georgia speak of the drouths os the greatest 
objection to the country for agricultural pur¬ 
poses. Under better culture complaints from 
this cause will be less. The country is rich iu 
minerals, and the most of It capable of pro¬ 
ducing very large crops of the ordinary agricul¬ 
tural products, if well cultivated. The same 
habit of the vine noticed at Chattanooga, Nash¬ 
ville, etc., Is observed, but in a less degree at 
Cincinnati. The foliage drops early in the 
autumn before the frosts, and frequently before 
tiie fruit Is fully matured, while along the south¬ 
ern shore of Lake Erie, and throughout the 
northern part of the State of Otiio, the vines arc 
covered with leaves until frost. 
The destruction of the foliage by any cause 
ends the grape season for that year. Aud 
although occasionally, especially in some locali¬ 
ties in Northern Ohio, the crop is injured by 
early fall frosts, it will be found that the grape 
season on the average, the period between the 
setting of the fruit and the fall of the leaf, Is 
longer here than at any place south to a polut at 
least as far as Northern Georgia. The grape Is 
i accordingly a more certain crop here, matures 
l more perlectly, and is of better flavor than at 
l the South. 
This latter fact, taken in connection with the g 
others, is of somewhat difficult explanation, s 
The vineyards on t he islands are generally planted it 
in a much poorer soil, the vines making less u 
wood, and are generally not fruited so heavily, fi 
It. is probable, therefore, that the Catawba does c 
not endure high feeding so well as the other tl 
varieties, and that the soil and culture on the ( | 
islands is better adapted to this variety. My t 
own opinion of the comparative value of the a 
varieties after carefully testing in many vlnyards c 
is os follows: On the islands the Catawba 
should rank first of all varieties generally culti¬ 
vated, aud on the main laud the Delaware stands j 
as surely first. The Concord, Isabella, Union t 
Village, Hartford Politic, are all good, and of 
about equal quality iu the two locations. Of j 
the newer varieties I should add that the speei- ( 
mens tested were usually from single vines, of j 
their first bearing, and conclusions thus drawn u 
might be greatly modified after the plants come 
into full bearing. 
I append a few notes as I made them at the 
time of my visit. Rogers’ No. 1, large aud line; 
No. 8, later and not so good; No. 15, not first 
rate; No. 19, good but not >cry good; Mottled, , 
very good; Anna and Rebecca, both good; 
Lydia, not promising; Crevellng, good; Herbe- 
mont, very prolific, but late and tender; Allen's j 
Hybrid, (Kelly’s Island,) very badly mildewed; ] 
flavor of the grape destroyed. None of Dr. , 
Grant’s seedliugs were seen in fruit The mil- , 
dew was seen more or less in all vineyards, but , 
occasioned little injury. The rot caused more j 
damage, both on the island and the main land, 
without much difference in the location. The | 
Isabella ripened everywhere much more uno- ( 
venly than usual. In none of these places is | 
the grape free from liability to disease, the mil- , 
dew and rot appearing everywhere, but not 
doing such injury as to prevent good and profit¬ 
able crops, yet enough to show that the mode of , 
culture is not yet what it should bo, and that 
errors now universal must be corrected before 
perfectly healthy vineyards arc secured. 
Still there is no other agricultural product 
that yields a more profitable return for the labor 
bestowed—not even cotton in the most favored 
localities of the. South. The average product of 
vineyards in full bearing throughout all this 
region cannot be less than $500 per acre, and the 
labor of one man is sufficient for about six 
acres of bearing vines. 
The large profits, and the impression that 
Northern Ohio is to furnish grapes for the 
whole territory south of it, is stimulating the 
business, and thousands of acres have been pur¬ 
chased the peat fall for Immediate planting. For 
this purpose the heavy, poor clay lauds, hereto¬ 
fore considered of least value, are preferred, if 
the surface is such as to afford facilities for 
thorough drainage; such lands are now held at 
about $100 per acre on the shore of the lake, 
and at from $300 to $500 on the islands, r. 
Hudson, Ohio, 1*60. 
THE PEACH BUDS. 
Wr have made some examinations of the 
peach buds in this vicinity, and our conclusions 
are that up to the present time only a small per 
cent.—say one-tenth — are injured. This of 
course will not affect the yield. A correspond¬ 
ent writing from Canandaigua, Ontario comity, 
asserts that the buds aro killed In that vicinity. 
Mr. H. N. Lanowortuy who resides a few miles 
from this city furnishes us the following notes 
on this subject: 
“ I have recently made an examination of the 
peach buds on iny own place, for the purpose 
of ascertaining the effect of the cold upon them. 
They are pretty generally sound, with very few 
exceptions. Some varieties are more exempt 
than others from the effects of the lrost. On 
the whole, judging from this stand point, the 
presumption ib that peaches in this surrounding 
locality may be considered, up to this time, as 
promising a fair crop, but by no means docs it 
settle the question in other parts ot Western 
New York. And from the fact that when wo 
have failures in one locality by reason of 
the frost, frequently we have abundant supply 
from other parts of the country— we appre¬ 
ciate them more highly than if the country was 
drugged with them to overflowing,” 
- - - - 
PROTECTING TREES FROM RABBITS. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker Ab I have never 
! seen my method of preventing rabbits from 
gnawing fruit trees in the Rural, I will give it, 
and should you deem It worthy a place in your 
1 columns, some of the many readers may be ben- 
; efited thereby. 
To a gallon of soft soap add one pound sul- 
1 phur; mix well, and apply with a swab, or brush, 
1 the higher the better. I receive a double beuc- 
• fit. The rabbits will not touch the tree, the in- 
r sects are all destroyed, and the tree comes out 
' in the spring with a smooth, green bark, invigo- 
! rated and strengthened for a good season’s 
s growth. M. Scudder. 
t " Oneida, Ill., 1806. 
1 -- 
» WHEN DOES NEW BARK FORM. 
growth of the bark was less perfect through the 
summer months, and the surface dry and dead 
in tlie fall months. I was not a frnit grower 
myself, or a member of the association, yet the ‘ 
facts elicited struck mo as being of great practi¬ 
cal value to those who were. It was shown that 
the new bark Invariably commenced to grow 
downwards or from tbe upper end of the limb; 
that the sap mustgo up to the ends of the limbs, 
and there be brought in connection with the 
oxygen of the atmosphere through the Injured 
pores of the leaves, before it could be used in 
the economy of the tree to form new bark. 
Hds being so, and if found an established law 
that at one period of the year new bark will 
form perfectly, and this period probably chang¬ 
ing in different latitudes, experiments should at 
otiee he niudc to find out the proper time to 
prune in different regions, and this can be done 
as stated.— Iowa Homestead. 
GERMINATION OF GRAPE SEEDS. 
Is reply to the commnnication of J. m. M., 
Jr., in ttie Country Gentleman of Jon. ‘^5, I 
would say that I have had very good success iu 
growing grape seed in tliofollowhig manner: 
1 usually put tlicBccd in small bottles, carefully 
labelled as soon as they are taken from the grapes. 
In early winter, upon the approach of freezing 
weather, I put the seed in pots of sifted sand, 
and bury them in the earth, where they will bo 
subjected to t he action of frost during the. win¬ 
ter, and let them remain till about the 1st of 
March, when 1 plant them in small pots and 
placc thcm in propagating beds, where they 
germinate lu about three weeks. I give them 
the same after treatment l do plants raised from 
singlo eyes. 1 think they would grow equally 
well planted lu a mild hot bed in Bpriug, and 
might be transplanted to opeu ground when 
danger from freezing is past.—G. W. Campbell, 
Delaware , O. 
Wrat do you no with 8oap Suds? —Of 
them the Scottish Farmer says, although gene¬ 
rally deemed only lit for being run off Into the 
common sewer in the easiest, and most expedi¬ 
tious manner possible, they are nevertheless 
highly beueficiul vegetable feeders, iw well as 
useful insect preventives. Hence they should 
never bo wasted, more especially by purtiea 
having gardens, as their application to the 
ground, whether iu winter or summer, will 
show beneficially not only on ordinary vegetable 
crops, but also on berry bushes, shrubs, border 
flowers and even window pot-plants; while if 
poured or syringed over roses, cabbages, etc., 
they will prevent, or at least mitigate, the mis¬ 
chievous doings of the green tly and caterpillars. 
Horticultural Notes and Queries. 
l0WWtif #f®W0!»g. 
How to Pack Strawberry Plants to Ship Long 
Distances,— The modus operand! of packing straw¬ 
berry plants so they ean lx: sent a long distance atul 
arrive in good order is «. secret or art that should bo 
generally known, especially by nurserymen. The 
process is understood by our Rochester nurserymen, 
and we presume by many elsewhere, yet we think a 
large number of people Interested are not sufficiently 
posted on the subject. Messrs. Fhost & Co. of the 
Genesee Valley Nurseries, this city, have been quite 
successful in shipping strawberry and other small 
fruit plants a long distance, (sueh as to California,) 
aud through great changes of climate. Their mode 
is to dry the moss thoroughly in green bouses. They 
tie the plants up in packages of one dozen each, and 
moss each package separately. They than pack In 
tight boxes to exclude the uir. The Messrs. Frost 
have shown us a hitler just received from Mr. I. A, 
Wilcox of Brooklyn, Gal., to whom they sent, plunt* 
packed in the manner above described. M r. W. says! 
"I received your letter iu relation to the Plants 
and Cherry Seedlings; also the box, which was In 
the beet condition Of any 1 have ever shipped to the 
State, or seen brought hero. The seedlings are very 
linn Indeed, and the plants will 1 think most of them 
live. Your way of parking is the best I know of for 
anything that must undergo the many changes of cold 
and heat in being brought here.” 
Prickly Ash for Hedges, &c.—Ah there is much 
said and written about hedge*, aud feeling a groat 
interest in the subject, 1 wish to inquire through the 
Rural whether any one lias ever tiled the Prickly 
Ash. and if no, with what, results ? It seems to me it 
might do well, as It is strong and hardy, don't grow 
higli, and is wall coated with thorns. Also, whether 
any particular degree of cold will kill Ihc caterpillars’ JlOisseure. 
eggs on apple trees 1 l find they are cleaving loose — —-- 
from the limbs, and thought they might be dead.— r, u, n *. .. 
Jas. H. Simmons, Canandaigua, N. Y. Potted Torque. - Boll tender an unsmoked 
We have never seen a hedge of Prickly Ash. Wc * ou ^ uc °J ” IHH * k'ul Un. lolmwiii^ day 
, believe it is hardy, and perhaps )t is worthy of a trial. cut a Huaiitity desired ior putting, or 
We suggest that fanners should make as much cflbrt take for this purpose the remains ot one which 
to do without fences, aa to bring new material for has already been served at, table, t’rim ol! tho 
making them into notice. Wo think no degree of skin and rind, weigh tho meat, mtnee it very 
cold ever experienced In ttiis climate will destroy the small, then pound it as line as possible with 1 } 
vitality of caterpillar eggs, ounces of batter to each pound of tongtw, a 
-- small teaspoonful of mace, K as much of uut- 
Tnitics Girdled.—I would like to know wbat to do m( ..r am j cloves, and a tolerably high seasoning 
to preserve some valuable trees recently almost „ .... .. utl . ' n ... W1 .,, i 
girdled by horses? lu an address delivered some ol cayenne. Alter the spices are w jcaicti 
years since by Horace Qjikki.ey 1 think he stated with the meat, taste it aud add more If required, 
that a solution of gum of some kind spread over . „ ’ i, 
the Injured parts would save the tree* -W. K. M„ A lew ounces of well toasted meat mixed with 
Hillsdale , Mich. the tongue will give it firmness. The breast of 
Clolodiou applied so as to form a thick coat Is the turkeys, fowls, or partridges may be used for the 
best thing we know of. Apply as often as necessary same purpose with good effect. 
It may be obtained at the drug stores. Also Gum , ■ -___ 
Shellac, dissolved in alcohol, makes a water-proo! BACHKLOa’B Cake.—O ne pound of flour, one- 
coatlng or varni sh. . ^ pound of sugar, one-quarter pound of but- 
“Homk Squash.” —A “Subscriber” from Illinois or lard * four wine-glassesful of milk, one- 
informs us that last year he raised on bis farm a half pound of Bultana raisins, one-quarter pound 
squash vine of the “hard shell” variety, which pro- of currants, the same of candied pcel^a quarter 
duced 305 squashes, and the total length of the vino of a nutmeg, two tcitspootialul of ground ginger, 
was over 600 feet. one of elunaraon, and one of carbonate of soda. 
These ingredients being all well mixed together, 
X-.'SS; „„d .low,, baked for .a hour .ad * half, „U 1 
periencc in cultivating the Basket Willow. Is it prof- form a very ulco cake, 
liable? Where can cuttings bo purchased, and the 
price per thousand v—J. M , Columbus, Ohio. -—*-»-«-; 
--- Baked Apple Dumplin<*l— Prepare a paste 
Puma in Knulanu.—R ears were so abundant in as for boiled dumplings; only Instead of one 
England the past year that they were sold at the rate large one, Several small ones i avoid lap- 
of “fourpounds fer 2d.' They have been cheaper ping tho as much as possible, after the 
than potatoes._,, r _ l'rult Is unreduced ; butter the pan Lu which they 
Naples Hort. Society.— Officers for 1866: Treti-' are b Mied, to prevent their Masking; lay the 
dent—J. B. Johnson. Vice Prest.—Q. W, Fox. Treat. f°h’ ^edgide down ; hake three-quarters of an hour, 
—M. B. Reed. Sec' y—S. H. Sutton. s< irv0 ^ 0 t ) eaten with cream. 
VARI0U8 ORIGINAL RECIPES. ,! 
- . '! 
Brown, or Maple-Flavored Drip.—"Yan¬ 
kee of tho Rural Office” gave, last week, his 
recipe for making " White Drip,” which is un¬ 
doubtedly “all right,” and very good, but poor 
folks want something a little cheaper, — that 
does not smack so much of money. Thcreforo 
I give the following recipe which will lessen the 
cost of sweetening—and prove far superior to 
“ Stewart’s celebrated sirup.” Take 2 pounds, 
or a large quantity of B coffee sugar, "maple 
flavored,” put it into a spider or stew-pan, add 
to it one pint of water, and simmer over a slow 
fire until thick enough to suit your taste. Do 
not let It boil. This will make about 5 half pints 
of the finest maple-flavored sirup ever used, at 
a cost of only 32 cents.— Economy. 
Seasoning for Sausaoks. —The following 
recipe will probably be acceptable to many:— 
For 40 lbs. meat, take 1 lb. salt, 3 oz. pepper, 
and H pint pulverized sage. —A. Wilson, Mar- 
cdlus, M. Y. _ 
Inquiry. —Will 6ome of your lady readers be 
so good as to furnish me with directions for 
kuitting a Worsted Pitcher, designed for hang¬ 
ing upon the arm, to hold a ball of yarn when 
kuitting, or something else that will answer tho 
same purpose. Also to fill a scent-bag, to per¬ 
fume glove and handkerchief boxes, and oblige 
a—W isconsin Lady. 
HOW TO MAKE COFFEE. 
Baron Liebig bus published a practical essay 
on coffee-making, in which he asserts roundly 
that people at large do not get half the amount 
of the essential coffee they ought to do from tho 
bean as generally treated. He affirms that the 
good quality of coffee depends primarily on the 
roasting. ThiB operation should bo continued 
only until the bean or berry has lost its horny 
condition, so that it may be ground, or what is 
better, pounded to powder. Now as coffee con¬ 
tains a crystalline and volatile substance called 
caffeine, which gives coffee its flavor and sustain¬ 
ing qualities, care must bo taken to retain it. 
By exposure to the uir it escapes. Hence ground 
coffee rapidly loses Its aroma and value, and tho 
porosity ot the roasted berries admits of a like 
deterioration. Hence the baron recommends 
that powdered white, or brown sugar bo strewn 
over the berries when tho roasting Is just com¬ 
pleted, and while they aro still hot If then 
well stirred, the melted sugar will spread over 
the berries, forming a coating or varnish imper¬ 
vious to air. This will confine the arorna and 
retain the caffeine, until the berries arc ground 
for use. 
Of the three processes of making coffee, by 
filtration, infusion, and boiling, tho baron In¬ 
clines to the latter. Ho thinks that about three- 
fourths of the grouud coffee to bo used should be 
boiled for 10 or 15 minutes, then the remaining 
fourth put in, and the whole allowed to stand, 
covered, for from five to six minutes. This 
makes the best coffee. 
For journeys aud marches, where it is impos¬ 
sible to be burdened with machines for roasting 
i and grinding, coffee may bo carried in a powder- 
• ed form and its aromatic properties preserved 
I by the following process. One pound of tho 
1 roasted berries are reduced to powder and im¬ 
mediately wetted with a sirup of sugar, obtained 
by pouring two ounces of water on three ounces 
of sugor, and permitting them to stand for a 
j few minutes. When tho powder is thoroughly 
i wotted with the sirup, two ounces of llucly- 
i powdered sugar are to be added, mixed well with 
t it, and tbe whole then dried in the open air. The 
1 sugar locks up tho volatile purls of the coffee. 
1 Tf coffee is now to he made, cold water is to be 
poured over a certain quantity of tlie powder, 
and made to boll Prepared this way, thepow'der 
may be preserved in perfect condition lor many 
t, weeks. 
t: The traveler and soldier knows tlie value of 
L good coffee, aud any sound hints for its prepa- 
v ratiou will be welcomed arid treasured by con- 
Some five years ago the writer attended the 
For the purpose of comparing different loeali- - aunnal meeting of the Mississippi Valley 
ties I vlsitc-d in September last many of the prinei- Horticultural Association. One of the mem- 
pul vineyards at Cleveland, Berllu and other points bors had peeled the bark off tbe limbs for six 
on the main land and Kelly’s Island. I found inches in length of various fruit and forest trees, 
realized each two tlioueand dolkire for apples, ^he viues at all these places very productive, and aud at the same time attached a small tin card 
One town in Schuyler County realized sixty the fruit of excellent quality. The vines were 
thousand dollare for apples. Orleans County very generally over-loaded, and from that cause 
realized one million of dollars for her surplus the fruit in many instances was ripening une- 
applea. One tree in that county produced enough venly. The Delaware, Coucord, Isabella, Hart- 
to bring eighty dollars. ford Prolific, etc., were, on the main land, 
Millions have been realized by the farmers of generally as productive, and of as good quality, 
this State for apples. That no branch of Agri- as on the island, and from ten days to two 
culture has paid greater or equal profits we weeks earlier. 
need no arguments to prove. The growth or The Catawba was, on the island, decidedly 
demand for apples is no longer confined to fam- superior to any of that variety found in other 
the fruit of excellent quality. The vines were with fine wire to the limbs, with the date. These 
very generally over-loaded, and from that cause peelings amounted to some three or four each 
the fruit in many instances was ripening une- month the year round. The object was to find 
venly. Tho Delaware, Coucord, Isabella, Hart- what time In the year a newb&rk would be most 
ford Prolific, etc., were, on the main land, perfectly formed over the wound. This was 
found in that latitude to be the fifteenth of J une. 
In the month of January, Fcbrnary and March, 
the limbs showed a dry, dead surface. April and 
May had grown an imperfect bark. 
June 15th the peeled surface showed a perfect 
ily, town or county where grown, but the frui t places, and considerably earlier than elsewhere. 1 covering of new bark. From this date the 
Tunics Girdled.—I would like to know wbat to do 
to preserve some valuable trees recently almost 
girdled by Uorsen? lu an address delivered some 
years since by Uhiiauk Griciclev 1 think be stated 
that a solution of gum of some kind spread over 
the injured narts would save the trees,— W. K. M., 
ilUledak , Mich. 
Glolodlon applied so as to form a thick coat is the 
best thing we know of. Apply as often as necessary 
It may be obtained at the drug stores. Also Gum 
Shellac, dissolved in alcohol, makes a water-proof 
coatlDg or varnish. 
“Home Squash.” — A “Subscriber” from Illinois 
informs us that last year he raised on his farm a 
squash vine of the “hard shell” variety, which pro¬ 
duced 305 squashes, and the total length of tho vino 
was over 600 feet. 
-—- 
The Basket Willow.—W ill some person please 
tell me, through the columns oT the rural, his ex¬ 
perience in cultivating tho Basket Willow. Is it prof¬ 
itable? Where can cuttings bo purchased, and the 
price per thousand?—J M , Columbus, Ohio. 
---- -- 
Pkaili in Knulanu.— 1’ears were so abundant in 
England the past year that they were sold at tlie rate 
of "fourpounds fer 2d.” They have been cheaper 
than potatoes. __ 
