ESTABLISHED IN 1S50, 
[Southern Editorial Correspondence of the Rural.] 
MY MARYLAND’’—ITS RESOURCES, &C, 
the rivers which almost surround it and afford 
considerable water power. These mill 6ites are 
to a great extent improved, and around the vari¬ 
ous factories of cotton and wool have sprung 
up flourishing villages and thriving neighbor¬ 
hoods. The surface of the county is undulating 
and the soil productive. A range of high hills 
known as 1 Elk Ridge' extends nearly through 
the county. Excellent wheat land, and some of 
the finest farms for the raising of cattle and 
sheep which the State contains, are to be found 
upon this ridge. Pure air, the finest of water 
and abundance of beautiful building sites are to 
be had in this county, These, coupled with a 
fertile soil, proximity to llouriehing villages, 
ready communication by railroad with Baltimore 
and Washington, render this county a very desi¬ 
rable location.” 
Montgomery County .—The soil, where neglect¬ 
ed, Is thlB and sterile, and lit many parts greatly 
reduced by a bad system of cultivation. It iB 
being Improved, however, in that respect. Worn 
out lands, which are plenty, range from $10 to 
$25 per acre. Good lands, when near markets, 
range from $30 to $100. The great growth of 
Washington city will furnish the farmers and 
gardeuers of this county a ready market for all 
their produce. It is a desirable loealion for 
market gardens. 
Washington County is a largo and valuable 
tract of laud in the western part of the State. 
It has a fine water power.. The most fertile 
lands are based on limestone clay, which is gen¬ 
erally very productive. The laud sells from $80 
to $100 per acre. In the western part of the 
county, land can be bought for from $4 to $40 
per acre. This county suffered much by the late 
rebellion, but is rapidly “repairing damages.” 
So much for a very brief glance at the several 
Counties of the State.— t. c. p. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WIKKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
NUMBER SIX. 
Upper Maryland, as all that region which lays 
above tide water should be properly called, has 
already been sketched in the aggregate. All the 
counties, except Howard and Montgomery, join 
Pennsylvania on the North and partake of the 
same characteristics of soil, topography and 
climate which are peculiar to Southern Pennsyl¬ 
vania. It contains eome of the finest roads and 
most desirable farms in the State. As the coun¬ 
ties have been already mentioned alphabetically 
the description will be continued in the same 
manner—and we commence with Allegany . 
This connty occupies the northwestern part 
of the State, and is crossed by the range of 
mountains from which it takes its name. In geo¬ 
logical character it resembles the Allegany region 
generally, the prevailing rocks being various 
colored sand stones and lime stones, traversed 
with quartz, slate and shales. The elevation of 
this county above tide-water is so great that 
summer is much cooler than on the shores of 
the bay and frosts linger longer and sooner reap¬ 
pear. The surface is rugged and broken, and 
the greater part still covered with native forests, 
but the mountainous districts are alternated 
with broad, level valleys, called glades. They 
are mainly unenclosed and unimproved. These 
glades or meadows are covered with natural 
grass, without timber or trees of any sort. The 
spontaneous grasses of these glades are fumed for 
their luxuriance aud the rich nutriment they 
afford. Thousands of cattle have been driven 
annually from Virginia to fatten on the abund¬ 
ant grass 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With ■ Corps of Able Aw>l*(nnt« and Contributor*. 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL, D., 
Editor of the Department of Sheep Husbandry. 
HON. T. C. PETERS, 
Late Prea't N. Y. State Ag. Soc'y, Southern Cor. Editor, 
tW Fob T*rx9 and other particulars see last page. 
SALT —IT8 USES AND EFFECTS, 
uiat are Decorrmig mossy, and where the grass 
Is running out. As a worm-killer it is valuable. 
It should he sown liberally under fruit trees for 
the purpose of destroying insect life. A well 
established tree would hardly be injured by a 
sufficient quantity of salt to kill the vegetation 
under it. Salt may also be used profitably to 
destroy foul weeds. Patches of Canada thistles 
may be killed by dropping a small handful upon 
eich one after being cut to the ground. If you 
have a very dense patch of the thistles, or quack 
grass has obtained a lodgment on your farm, 
sow salt enough to kill them completely the first 
year. The next year plow the land and seed 
with clover and It will thrive well. 
Salt is valuable in the garden. It will keep 
the weeds from growing along the walks. It is 
a good manure for the asparagus which is a ma¬ 
rine plant. Scatter it freely under the currant 
bushes. It Is more beneficial as a fertilizer on 
rich land than on poor, hence you should be 
able to use it freely in the garden. If there are 
troublesome weeds in the lawn or yard, as docks, 
plaintain, horse-radish, they may be forever 
banished by cutting them just below the turf, 
and dropping a tablC6poonfui of 6alt on them. 
Tins is the season to discuss the breeding and 
improvement of horses, and the subject very 
properly receives considerable attention from 
larmers and others. As the period approaches 
when the services of stock horses will be re¬ 
quired many are Inquiring as to the different 
breeds, some wishing t® raise animals for heavy 
or all-work and others for the carriage and 
“style and speed.” We purpose to illustrate 
and briefly describe specimens of the favorite 
breeds, and will commence with a breed of draft 
horses which has long been popular with our 
Canadian neighbors. 
Above we give a portrait of a fine representa¬ 
tive of the Clydesdalo breed of horses. “ Cham¬ 
pion” was kept for service in this city in 1860, 
(being then seven years old,) and then appeared 
to be a very perfect horse. He was hands 
high, of a beautiful dapple gray, aud weighed 
1,704 Ibis. He was got by imported Clyde (whose 
portrait and pedigree were given in a former 
volume of the Rural,) out of Lady Dow, by 
imported Rainbow—her dam a Clydesdale mare 
imported by Mr. Stracqan of Pickering, C. W., 
in 1830. “Champion” was the winner of the 
first premium at the N. Y. State Fair in 1858, 
and the same at the U. 8. Fair, Chicago, in 1859. 
Ho was then owned by Mr. Guam. S. Mack of 
Lockport, N. Y.', but we arc not advised as to 
his present ownership or whereabouts. 
The Clydesdale horses, as our readers are 
aware, are large, heavy and substantially made, 
possessing great strength and muscular power, 
which renders them so celebrated In Scotland 
and Canada as draft horses. Several stallions of 
this breed have been purchased and brought 
Into this and adjoining States, bo that the stock 
Is being disseminated in various sections of the 
Union. It is believed that a cross with the 
Clydesdale will increase the size and strength of 
our ordinary horses, and produce a better race 
for heavy work on the farm — such as breaking 
up, deep plowing, «&c. — and hence the more 
general use of draft stallions for breeding pur¬ 
poses of late years, and their evidently increasing 
popularity. 
and butter made in these elevated 
volleys rivals the celebrated Gosheu County 
butter. The extent of these glades is about 
200,000 acres. 
The average price of bottom land is §30 per 
acre; upland, from $5 to $15. The local mar¬ 
kets are superior. The mineral resources of this 
region are Immense. In the mines now worked 
there is a capital already invested of over seven 
millions of dollars. There are over -400 square 
miles of area of coal mines yet but little ex¬ 
plored. This county holds out great induce¬ 
ments to capital and labor. 
Ualtimorc County Is the most populous, and In 
all respects the most important county of the 
State. The water power is immense, and im¬ 
proved to a greater «r less extent. The soils 
are thin and rocky, hut fertile, and well adapted 
to grains and grasses, lu many parts the culti¬ 
vation of fruit is extensive, and rapidly Increas¬ 
ing. No county holds out so great inducements 
for vineyards, fruits, aud “ truck” a« this. Wheat 
is the staple grain. Good land for farming pur¬ 
poses ranges from $50 to $100 per acre; very 
little land can bo bought under $50. 
Carroll County .—The surface is hilly'and rocky. 
The water power is abundant and but little im¬ 
proved. The grains cultivated are wheat, rye, 
com and buckwheat. The amount of grazing 
land is large, and more than one-tenth of the 
butter in the State Is made in this county. Good 
lands range from $60 to *150 per acre. There 
are cotton and woolen factories in this county, 
fobr paper mills and a large number of tanner¬ 
ies. It has excellent turnpike and railroad facil¬ 
ities for reaching market. 
Frederick County is considered one of the rich¬ 
est aud most beautiful counties In the State. 
The general character of the soil is limestone, 
interspersed with a slaty soil, and some “red 
land.” It is easily worked, and produces large 
crops of wheat and corn. The price of good 
farms, with improvements, according to loca¬ 
tion, ranges from $35 to $200 per acre: wood 
VARIOUS TOPICS DISCUSSED, 
Dry Earth as a Deodorizer. 
Dkv earth of a loamy sort, Is the most 
convenient and attainable deodorizer which the 
farmer can use in many places about his premi¬ 
ses. The hen-house should be floored with this 
material, and if it is stirred up every day with the 
hoe no disagreeable smell will emanate from the 
hen-manure. In due time the earth will be 
formed into a very rich fertilizer, especially 
valuable for the garden. Loam may also be 
used with good results at the outlet of the drain 
from the house-sink — down which so much of 
the soap-suds flows — and also that, If you have 
oue, from the barn-yard, which often carries 
away a stream of liquid manure. In these posi¬ 
tions the loam retains all the manurial ingredi¬ 
ents cast upon it, turns dark in color, and 
becomes extremely rich. When thoroughly 
saturated it should be removed and fresh put in 
its place. Dry loam is also excellent to mix 
with night-soil lu the vault. A mistake is fre¬ 
quently made In the construction of the latter; 
the vault Is made too deep, aud without any 
outside opening. If possible it should be pro¬ 
vided with a falling slide door at the bottom of 
the vault on the back side, and so constructed 
that this opening is eaajly accessible from the 
outside. Then by freely putting dry earth on to 
the night-soil from above, it is deodorized and 
converted into valuable manure, and It can be 
removed at any time, without offence, from the 
slide door at the bottom of the vault. 
CEMENT WATER PIPE. 
This kind of a conductor for water is very 
cheap and durable when it is properly construct¬ 
ed and does not have to bear too much pres¬ 
sure. Twelve or fifteen feet head is as much as 
would he safe to put on it. The method of lay¬ 
ing it is very simple, yet there is a right way, 
leading to perfect success. The ditch m ust be deep 
enough to lay the pipe below the frost, and the 
pressure of cattle or horses in plowing over it. 
Two feet and a half in depth is not too much, 
Then the bottom of the ditch should be accu¬ 
rately graded, 'so as to leave no inequalities of 
surface to surmount. The ditch should be wide 
enough on the bottom to admit of a man’s stand¬ 
ing and working In It conveniently. One part 
water-lime aud three parts clean, sharp 6and will 
make about the right proportion. Of course it 
should not be mixed until wanted for use. In 
laying the pipe some use a smooth stick three 
or four feet loDg, of the diameter which it is in¬ 
tended to make the pipe. To the end of this 
stick a ball of leather, filled with sand, is attached 
by means of a string six inches long. The ball 
mof the same diameter as the stick—a trifle 
more perhaps—and is for the purpose of sraooth- 
ing and perfecting the bore of the pipe. A 
eqmoth leather tube filled with sand, is, how- 
over, more flexible than the stick, and on that 
account better. Lay cement along the bottom 
of the ditch, place the stick or leather tube on 
it, and mould more cement over the top of it, 
pressing and shapiug it with the hands or trowel. 
hen draw the Btick along two or three feet— 
not dear from the pipe, however,-and nepeat 
the operation. The cement must be allowed to 
set pretty Ann before putting dirt on it. With 
proper care and skill a cement pipe may be thus 
aid that is cheap and durable, always excepting, 
however, that it will not bear a 3 much pressure 
as wood or metal. Care and skill, we repeat, are 
the essentials to success in making cement 
who looks as if he was an agent, while others bear 
it as oue of the crosses of this life which they 
cannot well avoid; others aguin, like myself, arc 
beginning to ask if there is not some remedy to 
be found for such nuisances. A heavy tax levied 
on all such as will not understand what no 
means, the proceeds to go into the National 
Treasury, might help the matter some, and 
would produce a revenue not to be despised.” 
that he recently knew of a case of colic in a 
horse cured by administering a dose of arsenic. 
Lice on Cattle. 
It is a common practice, or was in yearn 
gone by, to use a strong decoction made by boil¬ 
ing tobacco Btems, for the destruction of lice on 
cattle. These pests are a great annoyance to cat¬ 
tle, rendering them so restless as to cause a 
marked falling away in flesh and greatly dis¬ 
piriting the animal thus affected. The N. E. 
Farmer commends a mixture of lard and kero- 
sine oil — a little more of the former than the 
latter—as a ready and effective cure. A thorough 
rubbing Into the hair of the animal once or 
twice will prove effectual. Calves are frequently 
so much annoyed by lice as to become poor and 
stunted In growth In consequence. 
Portable Fences. 
Farmers are learning the economy of using 
more portable fence. Mr. 8.8. Coleman, Sodus, 
N. Y., tells U6 how he makes it, which he thinks 
is a somewhat better plan than the one wc lately 
gave in the Rural: — “The panels, or sections, 
are made of three six-inch hoards with a space of 
six inches between. Three battens, each thirty- 
six inches long, are sufficient for one section. 
Stance over the end battens, and then increase 
the height by putting on slabs for “rideis.” 
The slabs wedge in and fit the angles made by 
the nearly upright stakes, and their weight in 
this position sets and maintains the stakes 
firmer in their position. Heavy boards, or 
light, straight rails, made a little wedging on 
one side, will answer the same purpose.” 
The Agent Nuisance. 
Here is what a “Sufferer” says: — “I 
should like to know what poor, innocent farm¬ 
ers and their wives have done, that they should 
be annoyed by such swarms of agents. You 
are importuned to subscribe for books of every 
kfnd and name, at prices that ought to buy up a 
retail store. Flower roots, wine plants, patent 
rights for everything under the sun, you are 
daily invited to buy. The worst of it is, that 
these philanthropists do not propose to take a 
civil answer to their demands, hut insist that 
they know your resources a great deal better 
than yourself; that you are in want of just the 
article they have to sell, which cannot be bought 
anywhere else. They do uot suppose that you 
take any papers or keep posted about auy im¬ 
provements that are made, or that you have 
enterprise euough to buy what you can afford, 
without being told what you need by gome 
agent nhose motto is, ‘There’s uo such word 
as fail ’ when he gets after your money. 8ome 
people have bad their patience so exhausted by 
repeated sieges on their time, in this way, that 
they will order every person ofl' their premises 
To Prevent Crow3 from Pulling Corn. 
A correspondent writes us that the fol¬ 
lowing is an infallible method of preventing 
crows from pulling corn: — Take one peck of 
seed and pour sufficient hot watertou it to cover 
it; then add a large tablespoonful of gas tar and 
stir it well. We think well of this remedy. Wo 
have practiced putting seed corn into hot water, 
then turning off the water and pouring on com¬ 
mon tar, and stirring it well. The hot corn 
melts the tar aud it adheres well 1 to each kernel. 
The corn must then be rolled in plaster to sepa¬ 
rate it for expeditious planting. 
Useful Items. 
E. M. Potter, writing from Kalamazoo, 
Mich., tells us how to put brass buttons on cows’ 
horns: —“Place a large-sized baked potato on 
the horn while hot, and in a few moments it 
may be taken off and the button screwed on 
easily, and permanently tight, with a common 
wrench.” 
Also, a remedy for colic in horses: — “ Two 
tablespoons of saleratus dissolved in water with 
one ounce sweet spirits of niter, administered 
with a bottle. If the horse seems costive , give 
half a pint of raw linseed oil , or an Injection of 
tobacco tea.” Another correspondent writes 
Bleaching Broom G’orn.— A broom maker 
writes the Scientific American that broom corn is 
bleached by exposing it to the fumes of burning 
sulphur. A large box is provided, In the bottom 
of which a pot of brimstone is placed. The 
corn is then wet and hung up over it so as to 
expose a large surface, aud the whole is covered 
with a piece of old carpet, to confine the vapor 
and allow it to escape slowly. 
