ESTABLISHED IN 1830. 
that possesses a large amount of vegetable mold. 
On cool, moist, frosty highlands it will not 
ripen, and on Boils naturally barren or that have 
been exhaustively cropped it turns out a meagre 
yield of “nubbins.” Vegetable mold, to fur¬ 
nish nutriment to the plant, and to keep the 
soil loose and porous in dry weather, is an es¬ 
sential element In successful corn growing. This 
is generally well understood and we believe it 
true that Indian corn is grown on better soil, 
and with more manure than any other leading 
crop of the United States. 
Preparation of Soil. 
with the same kind free from stone and clods. 
The distance of the hills apart is governed by 
the climate and the variety of com planted. The 
time of planting should be. cko6en when it Is 
probable that the seed will germinate quickly, 
and grow vigorously, without the drawbacks of 
cold storms or frosts. Too early planting is to 
be avoided. 
Insects. — It is the myriads of worms, Insects, 
that baffle the skill of the husbandman. Against 
the attacks of these he can oppose, at best, but 
feeble barriers. Happily the corn crop is rarely 
seriously harmed, on the average, by their at¬ 
tacks, Localities sometimes suffer, and single 
crops may be half destroyed, but they never 
cause such wide spread devastation as occurs to 
other grains. The cut-worm, wire-worm, and 
white grub, are the best known and roost des¬ 
tructive, except at times in the west, when tjie 
chiuck - bog, springing from the wheat Held, 
spreads its countless swarms, and sweeps all 
vegetation from its path. The most effectual 
remedies against the three first named worms, 
are —thick seeding —and destroying by hand. 
Holes made in the soil are said to prove excel¬ 
lent traps for the cut-worm. These may be 
made very rapidly by fitting a pair of wheels 
with projections on their rims to form the holes 
as they turn over. The passage of the wheels 
leaves a smooth path along which the worm, in 
its nocturnal journeys delights to travel, until he 
tumbles unawares into the pit. The hot, mid¬ 
day sun kills them. Plowing sward laud in the 
fall is said to destroy the wire-worm. 
Varieties .—It L* generally admitted that all our 
varieties of Indjau corn were derived from the 
same parentage, the Wild or Rocky Mountain 
corn. There is now an almost incredible num¬ 
ber of kinds in cultivation, of almost ail shapes, 
sizes and colors. Annexed we present sketches 
'of twenty varieties, commencing with the ori¬ 
ginal, and embracing some of the most highly 
prized sorts. 
THE POLAND FOWL, 
But it will hardly take ten years to make their 
system fully equal to that in the best improved 
sections of our old State. 
Where a judicious system has been adopted 
the soli shows itself a generous friend. All that 
is requisite for the most productive forming is 
simply a rotation of crops. The best farmers— 
and there are some equal to the best in the 
Union — adopt a regular system, and adhere to 
it rigidly. Wheat Or Oftts, usually wheat, seed¬ 
ed with timothy and clover; clover lay turned 
under for corn, oats on the corn sttibble, wheat 
with the manure left in the yard after what could 
be used on the corn. Plaster on the clover, and 
when it can b6 dono, lime once In eight or ten 
years upon wheat fallow. Potatoes are a com¬ 
mon and profitable crop, preceding wheat, and 
well manured. Tobacco also Is considered 
a good preparation l'6r wheat, and when well 
handled is a profitable crop. Sweet potatoes, 
sorghum and broom corn are also profitable 
crops, and generally find a place on good farms. 
This system necessitates stock, and stock neces¬ 
sitates barns arid sheds—and these are the signs 
of a thrifty farmer, and a high-priced farm. 
1 have no doubt that simply by clover and 
plaster this soil may be brought to a high state 
of fertility and at small expense. The grass 
habit of this land Is good, if only moderately 
encouraged—and a largo amount of stock can 
be kept aa soon as a proper rotation Is estab¬ 
lished. Expensive manures arc not necessary, 
but are a damage, in my judgment, when not 
subordinate to farm yard manure. 
As a grain ralslug State this makes a fair ex¬ 
hibit. In eoru she raises more than all New 
England by nearly four millions of bushels. In¬ 
deed there are but nine States ahead of her in 
that of grain. In wheat there is a respectable 
show, growing nearly half as much as the State 
of New York, under a very defective mode of 
cultivation. The land is stimulated by artificial 
fertilizers for the wheat crop more than any 
'other, and tw long as a tolerable crop can be 
realized the Byttoni is continued until complete 
exhaustion follows, so that the average yield iB 
now but about IB bushels per acre, though of 
the finest quality. The flour from Maryland 
wheat has the highest reputation. Their corn 
always brings high prices, comparatively, and 
the surplus is mostly consumed in New England, 
as it is a favorite there, from the fact that it is 
kept so pure, the white and the yellow being 
unmixed. It Is now worth from 70 to 80 eta. 
per bushel at the farm. 
Maryland will ultimately become a very supe¬ 
rior dairy region, but not until many old-fashion¬ 
ed notious on the subject arc, to a certain extent, 
reversed. For profit cows for the dairy should 
not drop their calve3 till about October. The 
dairy season should then commence, aud end 
about June. By that means the hot, dry months, 
which arc so bud for the cows and for tho milk, 
would be avoided, and the cows go dry at that 
season of the year the least valuable and when 
labor is the scarcest, and dearest By makiug 
proper provision for house feeding there can. be 
no difficulty in providing sufficient forage, and 
converting all the offal of the farm, as straw, 
stalks. &c.. hito first rate manure. Besides the 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX OXIGISAL WMXX.T 
RUBAI, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
The original Poland fowl is supposed to have 
been Imported from Holland Into England, and 
from thence to this country. We give engrav¬ 
ings of two varieties, the black, and tho silver- 
spangled. It is said that there was formerly a 
breed of white, with black top-knots, but that 
is now now extinct. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOOSE, 
With ■ Corps of A Me Asatstftute sad Contributor*. 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL„ D., 
Editor of the Department of Sheep Husbandry. 
HON. T. C. PETERS, 
late Pres’t Jf. Y. State Ag, Soo’y. Southern Cor. Editor, 
•Sod ground is most com¬ 
monly planted. Corn is the most natural crop 
to put on a freshly turned sod. We till the corn 
and the turf decajs, and furnishes, in season, rich 
and abundant nutriment for the growing crop. 
It is difficult to make land too rich for corn; it 
will bear more manure than any other grain. 
Where oats or wheat will lodge and yield no 
grain lroru an over supply of manure, corn turns 
out its largest and most perfect ears. So if we 
look only to the corn crop wc should put on all 
the manure that is at hand. And many good 
farmers contend that for the benefit of the crops 
to follow in tho rotation, before corn comes 
again, it Is economical to plow under all of the 
barn-yard manure on the cornfield. But We 
should remember that the coat of sod is In Itself 
a richer dressing of In an ure ihan that we are 
able to put on from the barn-yard, and that 
should satisfy the demands of the com. The 
next year, when Bpring grain is sown, tho up¬ 
turned, decayed sod forms a good seed bed. 
And if the spring grain be followed by wheat, it 
is then we need the ham-yard manure as a top- 
dressing—not only for the wheat but to Invigo¬ 
rate the grass which is to follow, and again pre¬ 
pare the land for com. But if we cannot afford 
the coarse manure to be turned beneath the sod, 
we can Invariably afford to pnt some fertilizer, 
either in the hill before planting, or on the sur¬ 
face when the com appears. 
In plowing for a corn crop we should take 
especial care to do the work well. Every furrow 
should be fairly and evenly turned. If a stone 
throw the plow out so that it “cuts and covers” 
for half a rod, don’t be a careless plowman aud 
drive along. Pull the plow back, if it does cost 
some hard work, and make the furrow uniform 
— not merely for the looks of the job, but be¬ 
cause it will saVe labor in hoeing and tilling, and 
moat likely avert having two or three had hills. 
It always pays to plow well , but it is like invest¬ 
ing money at compouud interest to plow skill¬ 
fully and perfectly for the com crop. Again, 
we do not believe in plowing as deep for corn as 
for many other crops, especially wheat. The 
depth of the furrow should be determined by the 
character and quality of the soil On river bot¬ 
toms and deep alluvial soils there Is no danger of 
plowing too deep; but ou uplands where the 
nature of the soil changes a few inches below 
the surface, deep plowing will not benefit the 
corn. We should endeavor to plow so as to 
nlake a warm, ri«b seed bed, containing a good 
deal of mold so that it will not bake in the sun 
and crust over. If we plow so deep as to turn 
up much subsoil that is a clay, it will invariably 
make a poor seed bed, and the corn will not get 
that early and vigorous start which is so desira¬ 
ble. The same depth of plowing will not answer 
for every cornfield—the farmer, knowing his soil 
and what the crop requires, must be the judge— 
but where a shallow furrow is deemed best, sub¬ 
soil plowing would, doubtless, be of great bene¬ 
fit. Instead of the ordinary coulters to cut the 
sod, a “jointer,” or small plow, is frequently 
used, which cuts and raises half the sod of the 
furrow, lapping it on to the other half, and all 
the Eod is, by this means, turned completely 
under. It is a good implement, and although it 
makea the plow somewhat heavier to handle, 
yet it enables the plowman to put every blade of 
grass under a good coat of dirt, Thorough har¬ 
rowing, and straight, plain marking usually 
tW~ Foe TXBua and other particulars see last page. 
THINGS A FARMER SHOULD NOT DO 
A Farmer should not imperil his title to 
land he already possesses by over-anxiety to 
obtain an additional number of adjoining acres. 
He should not attempt to cultivate more land 
than he can attend to In season, or keep more 
stock than the farm will supply nutriment for. 
He should not pnt off for to-morrow what 
needs to be done to-day: should not wait till a 
farming implement Is wanted before ascertaining 
whether he has it, or if so, whether it is in con¬ 
dition to be used. 
Ho should not let Ills stock run down so In 
winter that half the summer will be wasted lu 
placing the animals where they should have 
been at the commencement of spring. 
He should not, when a field Is planted, leave the 
struggling shoots to contend with weeds till the 
latter, become tho prominent feature of the field. 
He should not go to sleep over night before 
first having determined what work he and his 
help are to commence with jn the morning with 
means provided to make thg labor effective. 
He should not rely too much on those whom 
he may employ • every household wantB a head, 
no matter how faithful Its hired members may 
be. This position belongs to the owner of the 
farm, and he should occupy it. He may labor 
or not as suits his inclination and means, but 
the direction of affaire should remain with him. 
He should not seek to get extra work out of 
bis laborers by turning day into twilight or 
night. Laborers regard this practice as au im¬ 
position, and will become morose and discon¬ 
tented at the exaction. Besides, exhausted 
nature requires a suitable time to recruit its 
energies, and should have it. 
He should not give way to passionate lan¬ 
guage because of mistakes made or errors 
committed by hla help. These are annoying, 
certainly, but the use of vile language will not 
tend to repair the fault nor lessen the chances of 
a repetition of it. L'remeditated wrong doing 
should involve dismissal from service. 
He should not, if lured from his business 
during a passing season by some trivial sport, 
be much surprised to find that his hired help 
had been enjoying a partial holiday during his 
absence, 
lie should not he morose and tyrannical In his 
family. He Should be the kind, Just and decided 
master,—not the captious and exacting tyrant. 
He should not be Indifferent to the physical 
comfort of those who serve him. None are 
exempt from sickness. Let him be kind and 
considerate to those who suffer. They will 
repay by extra exertions when restored to health. 
Finally, the farmer who makes a mild decision 
the rule in Lis household; who jdans hift busi¬ 
ness properly; attends to each department in 
its season; is satisfied with sure and steady, 
rather than spasmodic and doubtful gains, will 
pass through life serenely, and leave, as a legacy 
to his children, a competency of this world’s 
goods, and an unsullied reputation. 
1ILAOK l’OLANI) FOWLS. 
The Black Poland has a plumage of shining 
black with white top-knot, on both cock and hen. 
It is rare, however, to find uo black feathers lu 
their head-dress. These arc sometimes cut off 
close to the skin which deceives an inexperi¬ 
enced person, but they invariably reappear in 
due season. In the cocks of this breed gills are 
allowed but no combs. In the silver variety 
neither should be seen. 
SILVER POLAND FOWLS. 
In the plumage of the Sliver Poland the 
spangling of the feathers is black, and correct 
and regular. The top-knots are Of the same 
intermixture of colors as the body. These 
birds are said to be much subject to deformity. 
In purchasing one shonld examine closely to 
discover if one hip be bight 1 r than tile other. 
As these traits are transmitted to the offspring, 
such fowls are not desirable. 
The Polands arc good layers, their bodies are 
plump, the flesh tender and juicy on the table. 
[Southern Editorial Correspon dence of the Rural.] 
1 MY MARYLAND”-ITS RESOURCES, &c, 
NUMBER SEVEN 
As au Agricultural State, simply iu the pro¬ 
ducts of its soil, Maryland compares favorably 
with her slater States. When the soil Is prop¬ 
erly handled the profits are large. Improved 
farming has comparatively a small hold in tho 
State. Yet there are some farms which are mod¬ 
els of high aud successful farming,—and in their 
appointments compare favorably with the best 
in the Union. Those exceptions only show what 
the country eau be made when capital and indus¬ 
try are brought into requisition. The absence 
of good bams and out-houses is a marked fea¬ 
ture now, and one cannot help wondering how 
farmers could kfiep stock profitably, or even 
secure theircrops. An old tobacco house, some 
very dilapidated and untenanttd negro quarters, 
a smoke house, and possibly a coru house, a log 
barn, and an indifilrent house are about the 
whole sum of buildings upon a largo proportion 
of farms which were cultivated by slaves. If 
money was made at all upon these farms it was 
made by the sale of a slave now and then to the 
Georgia trader. The rotation of crops, was, 
first to clear off the land and raise a crop of to¬ 
bacco; next year tobacco, generally about four 
crops in succession; then corn, oats, or buck¬ 
wheat and wheat—alternating till the land gave 
out. Few animals, except hogs, were kept, as 
this style of farming gave no fodder. The wheat 
was stacked and thrashed as soon as possible, 
and carried to market. Oats and hay were also 
stacked. All the surplus which was not con¬ 
sumed by the blacks was carted off the farm and 
sold. Hay, straw, grain, all went to market, 
and nothing pnt back upon the laud in the shape 
of manure. In their agriculture the people arc 
•much as we were at the north thirty years ago. 
THE CORN CROP. 
1 and 2 Original Wild or Rocky Mountain Corn 
3. Rice Corn. 
4. Jersey White Flint. 
5. Tuseurora. 
U. Ohio Whin; Flint. 
T. Kentucky Wbiie. 
8. Virginia Goldin. 
<J. litmr Philip. 
10. Middle-s*und eight-rowed Yellow. 
11. Namaeoit. 
12. ImprovedTUitton, 
13. Ohio Dent. 
14. Small eight rowed Yellow. 
15. Blood Red. 
10 . New Me:. I can Black. 
!7. Oregon SHoe-Peg. 
18. Canada Pop Coin. 
19. White Gotnd-seed. 
20. Golden Sioux. 
Houx Distemper.—A correspondent oL tho 
Country Gentleman says, a sure cure lor the 
horn distemper is bleeding. The animal should 
be bled in the neck the fame as ft horse. One 
depletion usually effects a cure. If not, repeat 
the operation again in three or four days. 
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