ARTIFICIAL TROUT BREEDING. 
THE RESIDENCE of a MILLIONAIRE- 
The millionaire, A. T. Stewart, of New York 
city, has- nearly completed a new residence, 
which will undoubtedly be the finest and most 
expensive on the continent. Its cost ia *1,500,- 
000. It is of the Corinthian order, tire most 
ornamental style of architecture. The building 
is of marble, lined with brick, and it* general 
dimension* are as' follows: — Height of the 
walls, 80 feet; height of roof, 19 feet; width on 
Fifth avenue, front, 6S feet; depth on Thirty- 
fourth street, 120 feet. 
The building has three stories besides the 
basement and roof. The height of the stories is 
given by the N. Y. Post as follows: — Basement, 
10 feet; first story, 38 feet; second story, 24 feet; 
third story, 18 feet; roof, 19 feet — total, 99 feet. 
There are two nr trances — one on Fifth avenue, 
and the other on Thirty-fourth street. The 
; entrance on Fifth avenue, which b by a flight 
of marble step*, b flanked by two columns of 
twenty.five feet hi height. This entrance is in 
I iho place of one of four windows, which appear 
on the upper stories, where they are, like the 
door, ornamented with columns, but smaller, 
by s. P. AXLES 
Some months since an article appeared in the 
RntAL in regard to Seth Green’s trout ponds, 
and big successful efforts for the artificial prop¬ 
agation of Speckled or Brook Trout, in which 
it was intimated that in a future article some 
farther partlcalars would be given, accompanied 
with cuts, diagrams, &c. We proceed now to 
fulfill, in part at least, this promise. 
diing in a mass and becoming suffocated. The 
space (I) on one side is a platform, having a stove, 
and the various conveniences for feeding, &c. 
At one end (J) is a pond eighteen feet square, 
with about two leet depth of water. If by any 
means trout escape from the troughs, they can¬ 
not get beyond this pond, and the room is ample 
for keeping millions until they are two or three 
inches long. From this pond the water passes 
operation just described, b returned to the 
pond. Careful handling is required, so that no 
injury shall be done. A two-year old trout will 
yield from 200 to 400 spawn; a three-year old 
from 800 to 1,200; a four-year old from 1,200 to 
2,000. From this data an approximate estimate 
may be made of the number of youDg fry Mr. 
Green can raise in a single year. In the pond 
inferred to he has say three thousand female 
trout from which may be taken an average of 
five hundred eggs, making an aggregate of one 
•and a half million, and without doubt the pro¬ 
duction can easily be more than doubled with 
his present facilities. These figures may lead 
rnauy to suppose that the artificial propagation 
of trout Is an easy matter, and such assurances 
are often given by those who write without any 
practical knowledge on the enbject,—but it is a 
mistake. It is easy to- make a pond, where there 
is water, and to describe the various operations 
required, but St is not so easy to make them all 
successful. It requires care and skill, and the 
most diligent watchfulness. In short, it U a 
science of which but few will have the patience 
to acquire a practical knowledge. This, how¬ 
ever, need not deter those who have suitable 
‘pouds or streams from stocking them with 
young trout. 
ADVANTAOB OP ARTIFICIAL FISH-CULTURE. 
The advantage of artificial fish-culture over 
the natural process, when properly pursued, la 
most striking. Under the moat favorable cir 
cumstances to be expected, it Is estimated that 
only about flvo to ten per cent of spawn come to 
maturity in creeks. They are fed upon by other 
fish; washed from spawning beds by lloodB; 
covered up with sediment; “gobbled up” —in 
settled localities—by ducks and geese, and in vari¬ 
ous other ways destroyed. Besides all thb, the 
few trout which do mature in the natural way are 
killed out of season in spite of laws designed 
to protect them; driven from their former homes 
by the poison from tanneries, and filth from other 
manufacturingestabli8hmcnt8,wkile the road and 
field washings cover the gravel beds where only 
trout will spawn. Those who would.raise fish, and 
especially trout, must provide them with pure 
spring water, and ponds protected as carefully as 
they would protect their orchards from worms, 
or their Hocks from wolves. Mr, Green’s sec¬ 
ond year has been far more successful than his 
first, aud he la confident that in another year he 
can make still better improvement. He believes 
that he can batch ninety-five per cent of the 
spawn. If anything like this can be accomplish¬ 
ed, as we believe it can, it will readily be seen 
that he will be able to furnish impregnated spawn 
or young trout enough to stock all the ponds of 
the State. 
transportation of spawn. 
The fact above stated demonstrates the feasi¬ 
bility of transporting fish spawn any required 
distance; aud by carefully inclosing them they 
could be taken In moss across the Atlantic aud 
hatched in the preserves of some of our John 
Bum. friend*. For the purpose of transporta¬ 
tion this would seem to be the best method of 
putting up spawn, as violent Jolting, which 
might affect their vitality, would be avoided. 
transportation of trout. 
Mr. Green has not only studied and perfected 
the best possible hatching arrangements, but he 
has given some attention to the best means of 
transporting young trout from place to place. 
The old way was to take a barrel or larger 
cask, and whenever practicable change the 
We have heard of one party who en- 
SPAWN AND YOUNG TROUT. 
. Fig. 1 of the acoompanying cut represents a 
single egg as it leaves the female trout. It is 
almost a clear white, with the exception of a 
smalt dark spot in the center. Fig. 2 shows a 
small dark line across the egg—the embryo fish. 
Fig. 3 shows the young fry after it has broken 
its 6ac. Fig. 4 shows the fish at a more advanced 
stage, the sac being much smaller, having been 
nearly absorbed; and figure 5 represents the 
fish after the entire disappearance fby absorb- 
tion) of the sac. At this stage it begins to feed, 
and grows very rapidly under favorable circum¬ 
stances—that is, in pure spring water of the 
right temperature and with plenty of feed. The 
latter is the ilret thing sought for by the 
according to the height of the story, and less 
marked. The windows on the first story are 
about eighteen feet high, by six or seven feet in 
width, and are capped with circular arches. The 
center of each arc holds a head in relief, encir¬ 
cled with elegant carvings umi tracery. The 
carvings and ornamentation of the upper stories 
become by degrees less elaborate. The interior 
of the building is most admirably arranged, and 
is being finished in the most superb manner. 
Luing sougnt lor by the youug 
fish, and the habit or instinct thus’early devel¬ 
oped strengthen* and remainsjuntil extinguished 
with life. 
RAPID GROWTH. 
The reader can judge of the rapid growth of 
trout by comparing figure 5 with the cut repre¬ 
senting a two-year old at the head of this page. 
The growth, however, is not uniform with all. 
Mr. Green’s facilities have enabled him to de¬ 
termine the fact that fish hatched at the same 
time vary in size when only' a few weeks old, 
and at one or two year.-; may vary one-fourth or 
more. This is accounted for, in part at least, by 
the better fortune of one over another ia forag- 
ing for food. Doubtless other circumstances, 
not so well ascertained, have their influence. 
deformed fish. 
Deformed fish are frequently seen in the hatch¬ 
ing troughs. One came under our notice a few 
days since whose bead and tail were curved 
nearly together sideway*. It would struggle for 
a moment or two, and then sink exhausted 
among the gravel. Others have been seen hav¬ 
ing a single body but with two heads or tailB, and 
others with two distinct bodies, united near the 
tail. There being n» surgeons, hospitals or 
nurses among fish, of course these malforma¬ 
tions soon die for want of food, with which they 
are unable to supply themselves. 
MR. green’s purchase. 
Mr. Green broke ground on Spring Creek in 
August, 1864, having purchased enough of the 
McKenzie estate and other adjoining property 
to secure control of a large part of the stream. 
Other enterprises of a similar nature are said to 
have been started on Long Island and elsewhere 
many years since, but it may with truth be 
claimed that nothing approaching this in magni¬ 
tude, perfection, or the success thus far attained, 
has been known In this country, and perhaps not 
iu any other, 
THE MAIN POND. 
The pond containing the largest fish and 
principal spawners was first constructed. A 
strong volume of water passes through it from 
the main stream, the quantity received and dis¬ 
charged being sa regulated that there is no 
danger of overflowing. It enters under a wheel 
which is so exactly fitted to ite place that not 
the smallest fish can escape, and maintains a 
regular motion. This pond is seventy-five feet 
long, twelve feet wide and four or five feet deep. 
Mr. Green's dwelling is over the lower end of 
this pond, which affords shade and a hiding 
place for the trout when they choose to retire 
from view. 1 There are from eight to tea thou¬ 
sand fish in this pond, and water enough for 
water, 
joined upon hla a*slstant to do this iu order to 
transport successfully some good sized trout. 
The injunction was obeyed at the designated 
station, but daring the process of changing the 
water the fish were carefully laid upon the plat¬ 
form. The result was, the much prized and 
costly beauties never swam again. Mr. Green 
has procured the manufacture of tin cans of 
about four gallons’ capacity, with a bale for 
conveniently lifting it, and a close-fitting cover, 
in the centre of which is a cone perforated with 
small holes. As a further improvement he pro¬ 
poses to have a small ice box on the cover. The 
ice slowly melting aud dripping into the can will 
keep the water cool even in warm weather, and 
enable him to send a can containing three thou¬ 
sand trout as far as it can travel in twenty-four 
or thirty hours. With proper care wo know not 
why they cannot In this way be sent to any part 
of the United States. 
A COMPLIMENT FROM JOHN BULL. 
Mr. Green’s success, it would Boem, is already 
acknowledged to be far ahead of those of our 
English cousins. The London Field some time 
since alluded to the subject, and commented 
upon an article in Wilkes’ Spirit of the Times, 
as follows: —“Now, although we have been 
engaged in fish hatching aud culture generally 
for years, there Is not an establishment in Eng¬ 
land where any one who wanted to purchase 
trout or ova, to stock their waters with, could 
calculate upon their being able to do so. Yet our 
American friends, with that shrewdness which 
distinguishes them, though they only took the 
subject up the other day, have already gone far 
ahead of us in this respect.” This is certainly 
complimentary, and the compliment is deserved. 
FAILURES AND SUCCESSES. 
There have been in England and in this 
country a great many attempts and failures 
in this business. 8ome fail for hick of the 
requisite skill and knowledge or the sub¬ 
ject; some because they lack In persevcrence, 
and some for want of an adequate supply of wa¬ 
ter. Among the latter is our friond, 3. II. Ains- 
But even 
AREA OF THE UNITED STATES 
Hon. Mr. Harlan, Secretary of the Interior, 
in a recent letter to the Rev. J. C. Fletcher, re¬ 
plied to a question concerning the territorial 
extent of this country, In order to afford the 
latter certain data for comparing the area of 
Brazil with that of the United States. The fol¬ 
lowing is the result first in acres: 
Acres. 
Total area of the public lands of the 
States and Territories,. 1,400,519,033 
Total area of those States where --•** 
there ace no public laud*,. 474,540,563 
Aren of Indian Territory. 44,154,240 
Aren w District of Columbia,. 36,400 
Grand total of area ortho United 
State*, iu acres,...1,921,288,233 
Or three million two thousand and thirteen 
square miles. 
This does not include the area oi the great 
lakes just within and forming a portion of our 
Northern boundaries; neither does It iucludo 
the qjarinc league on the coast. 
Brazil, In 1845, had an area of 3,001,460 square 
miles; but it is estimated that'since the settle¬ 
ment of her boundary lines with several of the 
adjacent countries, her area has increased to 
3,100,000square miles. European Russia has an 
area of 2,142,604 square miles, and all the other 
countries of Europe have a total of 1,687,626 
square miles. 
at K into the main stream. The hatching- 
house aud troughs though not expensive, aro 
complete in arrangement, and are fulfilling the 
highest anticipations of their persevering and 
enterprlsiug proprietor. The bottom of the 
troughs is covered with small clean gravel 
over which the water passes by gentlo flow. 
Thus prepared they are ready for the recep¬ 
tion of the Impregnated spawn, which are spread 
evenly over the gravel by a dexterous move¬ 
ment of the water—the spawn not being touch¬ 
ed or allowed to come in contact with anything 
but the water and gravel. Impregnated spawn 
rv A 
THE RISING GENERATION 
In the United States there are about 60,000 
common schools, which are supported in part 
by the State Treasury, and partly by school 
funds and school taxes. In England and Wales 
thero are 46,042 public and private schools, 
attended by 2,144,878 scholar*. In addition there 
are 1,545 evening, schools, which provide for 
39,783 children. The number of Sunday school.* 
1* 23,514, with 2,407,642 scholars. It is esti¬ 
mated that iu England there is a scholar for 
every 8.36 persons; in Scotland about o»c- 
aeventh of the people are at school, while in 
the United States there is one scholar for every 
five persons. In Russia only one child for every 
two hundred persons receives instruction in 
schools; so that while at nine o’clock on every 
Monday morning there are 4,000,000 American 
boys and girk at school, there aro In Russia 
only 100,000 enjoying the benefit of instruction. 
worth. Esq., of West Bloomfield, 
with this drawback he has not failed, but rather 
succeeded beyond all expectation, considering 
his scanty supply of water. Fortunately, Mr. 
Green possesses all the moans, ip ample degree, 
to secure success. To begin with, he is an en¬ 
thusiastic sportsman aud baa for years been 
carefully observing the habits of the beautiful 
finny tribe he Is now so successfully cultivating. 
In the second place he is patient and persever¬ 
ing—■confident, if fish can bo artificially hatched 
to a small extent, that there is not necessarily 
any limit to the numbers which can thus be 
produced and grown. And lastly, he haa secured 
control of the best stream of water in America, 
perhaps in the world, for the purpose. The 
creek, as was stated on a former occasion, Aowb 
mainly from springs which cover five, or six 
acres, aud is increased by a number of rivulets 
from similar sources. There being very little 
surface drainage, there is but slight variation 
iu the volume of water. A “flood” Is never 
known there. 
MR. GREEN’3 OTHER RONDS. 
We have omitted to state in the proper place 
that Mr. Green, in addition to the pond de¬ 
scribed, has several others. One is 50 by 30 feet, 
and contains almost countless thousands of two 
year old trout. These will spawn this year,* and 
add immensely to the production of another 
year. He has alao a smaller pond of yearlings, 
and another about ready for the hundreds of 
thousand* of tiny fellows In the hatching trough*, 
from which he is now filling order*. 
The enterprise has already attracted attention 
from all quarters of the country, and, a6 stated 
above, to some extent in England. It is one in 
which the public will ultimately better under¬ 
stand and appreciate its interest, for food-fish 
will yet be required to a greater extent than is 
now apprehended, as a means of cheap living 
for the masses. 
Rochester, N. Y., 1866. 
NATIONAL PECULIARITIES. 
Heinrich Heine,, the German wit and poet, 
gave the following account of the different 
manners lu which Englishmen, Frenchmen and 
Germans regard liberty: — “The Englishman 
loves liberty like hi* lawful wife; the French¬ 
man loves her like his mistress; the German 
loves her like fils old grandmother. And yet, 
after all, no one can ever tell how things may 
turn out. The gurnpy Englishman, in an ill 
temper with his wife, is capable of some day 
putting a rope round her neck, and taking her 
to be sold at Southfield. The inconstant French¬ 
man may become unfaithful to his adored mis¬ 
tress, and be seen flattering about the Palais 
Royal after another. Jhit the German trill never 
ignite abandon hi* old grandmother: he will always 
keep for her a nook by the chimney corner, where 
she can tell her fairy stories to the listening 
children.” 
THE HATCHING HOUSE, 
The Hatching Hou3e, represented in the cut, 
stands partly In the creek, and is forty by twenty 
feet, with eight feet posts ; haa three screened 
windows admitting a soft light and excluding 
the glare of the sun. Being roofed, the spawn 
and young trout are perfectly protected from 
storms of hail, which iu shallow water, might 
in one minute destroy thousands of youug trout; 
or a heavy and sudden fall of rain might wash 
them from the troughs where they are kept for 
several weeks after hatching. Within this erec¬ 
tion are 
THE HATCHING TROUGHS. 
These are three in number. The water Is brought 
from the main stream through bored logs and 
received into a tank (A) six feet long, two feet 
eight inches wide and a foot and a hall deep? en¬ 
tering at B, from whence it passes through six 
strainers, (ccccee). At D it passes into the 
trough E, running entirely across the end of 
the house, and from thence by small gates (which 
are regulated at pleasure to increase or diminish 
the flow of water) it passes into the several 
hatching troughs, (F F F). These troughs are 
subdivided, or rather two are placed together and 
between them are$assages (HH) for conveniently 
distributing the spawn, inspecting the operation 
of hatching and feeding the young fish It 
will be observed that the troughs are par¬ 
titioned into small squares. By this arrange- 
sink to the bottom, even in water running with 
considerable force, and will remain stationary, 
if undisturbed, until the youug fish begin their 
efforts for a release from confinement. In from 
fifteen to twenty days after the spawn are de¬ 
posited, the young fish (flg. 2) Is discernible 
with the naked eye. 
EXPERIMENTS. 
Mr. Green has made some interesting experi¬ 
ments in hatching and raising trout, i ne of which 
is the preservation of spawn between layer* of 
wet moss, placed in a box aud careiolly kept in 
a temperature agreeing as nearly as maybe with 
the temperature of the water of ;he stream. 
The process of incubation goes ot as thongh 
the egg was in the water, and witiimbstautlally 
the same rapidity. And while in 
fifty times the number. A great deal of feed 
passes to them from the stream, but they are 
fed every day with fresh meat, chopped fine, and 
it is exciting to see this vast multitude dart to 
the surface a* they 6ee the coveted particles 
descending. 
SECURING AND IMPREGNATING THE OVA. 
• An experienced fish • culturist will .readily 
determine by a momeut’s examination when 
the ova of the female are ripe. The operation 
ia thisThe fish arc lifted from the pond with 
a net and placed in a tub of water. They are 
theu taken, one by one, and if ripe, the spawn, 
by gently passing the finger dewn the belly, wUl 
run out as readily as from an inverted bottle, 
and are caught in a pan half full^f water. Af¬ 
ter thus securing a few thousand spawn, the 
milt from a male trout is secured by a similar 
operation, and mixing, with the water, the ova 
are impregnated and ready for .being placed in 
the hatching troughs. Each trout, after the 
e wet moss 
the trout will break its shell, but'at once dies 
unless instantly put into water. Mr. Green has 
t number now living and doing well which re¬ 
mained in pioss uutil it was seen from their 
straggles that they were about to free them¬ 
selves faom their enclosure. Afiother simple 
experiment Is that of placing ten or a dozen 
troutlingS in two bowls of water, in one of 
which a tuft of mo** is placed, while in the 
other there 1* nothing but water. In the 
former the water Is perfectly clear aud the trout 
are active and healthy; but in the other the 
water is slightly discolored and the trout have a 
less healthy appearance. 
Photography in Astronomy. — At a recent 
meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society in 
England, Mr. De La Rue stated that his hopes 
with regard to the use of photography in astro¬ 
nomical observations had been Confirmed, and 
that the Lunar Committee of the British Asso¬ 
ciation bad resolved to make use of photographs 
to prepare an accurate outline map of the moon] 
Sections of these photographs are to be distri¬ 
buted among observers, who will occupy them¬ 
selves with tilling in the details of the several 
parts of the lunar surface. A serl&s of zones 
being agreed on, each observer will have a zone 
assigned him, at which he will be expected to 
work whenever it may be visible. 
