^i pr 
iGRICULTURr 
ESTABLISHED IB 1S30, 
rows, for in them the cultivator may be run 
much closer to the hill than where they are 
crooked. But it is Impossible to wholly clear 
the grass from a hill of corn or potatoes, or to 
smother it with dirt with a cultivator — hence 
some hand work is essential to a clean crop. 
This labor should be done early in the season. 
We believe the machine Is not yet made that 
can be called a perfect corn cultivator. Drills 
yield the most corn to the acre, but it takes 
more work to make the crop. Can there not be 
a drill constructed that, will plant two rows at 
once, and afterwards have cultivator teeth at¬ 
tached to it, and be turned into another tool? 
With the same gauge as the planter it would do 
perfect work. Different kinds of teeth should 
bo made for the various stages of the crop. Two 
horses should be used and the driver could ride. 
This method would save marking the land, and 
the after culture woufd be easy and expeditious. 
have will bear a good fair crop. We shall also 
have a good crop of apples, though I hear great 
complaints of failure in other sections. 
There have been frost, more or less severe, up 
to the 20th of May, but none that has even in¬ 
jured my tenderest vines. I have no reason to 
complain of the season, for if I were on the old 
farm 1 should call it rather a forward spring; — 
for there we have planted com as late as the 1st 
of June, and made a good crop. Here they re¬ 
port having had a good yield planted as late as the 
15th. Of course I can give no reliable opinion, 
but we are grinding good com which came 
from a field planted as late as the 12th of Juno. 
A6 a general rule ihe farmers here say com is 
best which grows from seed planted as early as 
the 1st of May. We shall know experimentally 
by another year. 
It promises now to be a bad year for the 
farmers over u larger surface of the United 
States than any which wc have had for a 
long series. If any accident befall our com and 
potato crops we Bhall come near a famine —for 
the surplus of former crops is more completely 
used up than in nearly or quite twenty years 
past. The importation of wheat and Hour from 
Europe has rather an ugly look. We have had 
war; we may yet have pestilence and famine. 
It behooves every farmer who can to put in 
some crop, if not too late, that will fnrni6h hu¬ 
man food. Plaut, com till the last moment. 
Plant beans — sow buckwheat — plaut potatoes, 
if in sections where not. too late; all will be 
wanted before another harvest, I am acting up¬ 
on my own advice, for wo shall plant, both corn 
and potatoes, and liberally, after this date, (June 
1st,) and take the chances. Wc started with the 
intention of planting about SO acres of corn. 
We have now about 80 acres on the other farm 
that is np, and shall put some 15 more in this 
farm, and at least 10 acres of potatoes, and we 
have already at least five that are up and look¬ 
ing well — some showing new tubers us large as 
a good sized “piece of chalk.” I think 1 have 
uever seen so much alarm as to ultimate crops 
manifested among farmers as I have the last few 
days. However, this is a biff country, and I do 
not imagine Providence will permit the people 
to starve.— t. c. i\ 
W. Friendship, Md., June 1,1S66. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIOIXAL WRKKLT 
sural, literary and family newspaper, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corps of Able A Mint an to and Contributor*, 
HENRY 8. RANDALL, LL, D., 
Editor of the Department of Sheep Husbandry. 
HON. T. C. PETERS, 
Lste Pres’t N. V. State Ag. Soo’y. Southern Cor. Editor, 
IW~ Fob Tbems and other particulars see last page, 
two, beside several in top of wall, 6-lightod 8 by 
10, hung with hinges and buttoning up to tim¬ 
bers above. The bottom iB cobble stone and 
sand paved Into the earth. 
The plan of upper portion of this building is 
as follows Floor 14 by 45 on the north side 
and lengthwise of center building; bay on south 
side 21 by 45, taking therefrom the passage-way, 
10 feet wide, 7 high; also, space for stairs and 
small space for pitching fodder below, and loft 
over fioor as is common where the floor is 
placed in the ceuter. The north wing floor is 13 
by 30; bay 21 by 30, taking therefrom, the samo 
as other bay. Granary 10 by 20, 8 feet high; 
passage-way 10 by 18, 8 feet high. Over these is 
a loft. The south wing lower floor, 2-1 by 45, is 
a tool room and workshop, with the exception 
of small space at south end, used for dropping 
GETTING READY FOR HAYING, 
tsarn lor i>5 to 40 head of cattle. Perhaps we 
cannot do better than to publish the accom¬ 
panying plan, furnished for the Rural some 
time ago by Mr. L. S. Harding of Oneida Co. 
We think it will meet the wants of the inquirer 
and many others. It, was built before the war 
and cost from SI,800 to ?2,000. xWr. H. thus 
describes his barn: 
‘‘My bam is of medium size, designed to 
stable about 40 head of cattle, and the storing 
of fodder that will feed that amount of stock. 
It consists of a main building and two wings. 
The main building, 35 by 45, fronting the east. 
The wings are built at the west end and at right 
angles with the main building, running past or 
on to the same 10 feet. The south wing is 24 
by 45; north wing 30 by 50. 
HINTS ABOUT HAYING, 
The season of haying is rapidly approaching 
and the question with each farmer 6honld be, 
“ am I ready ?” An affirmative answer will im¬ 
ply that if he uses a machine he has oue ready 
for the operation. If scythes arc to he nsed 
these should bo looked to and made ready for 
use. Then there are the rakes, horse ami hand, 
to be prepared; old ones mended or new ones 
purchased. Pitching forks should be gathered 
together and their condition tested. New 
handles or new forks may be necessary, and 
it is bad policy to omit providing them till 
the moment they are needed for use. Have all 
these implements ready before they are really 
wanted for use and much annoyance and delay 
will be avoided. 
The bam should also be examined and the 
fixtures made ready so that the hay may be 
housed at a moment’s notice. All refuse stall' 
and partially decayed matter should be removed 
from the bay and the scaffoldings so that the 
new crop may be housed in a fresh anil cleanly 
state. 
It is time too for the preparation of the hay 
rack, so that it may be readily placed upon the 
wagon or cart ready for use when wanted. It is 
annoyiug in the face of a rising shower to get a 
load of hay caught out by the breaking down of 
a hay rack through a lack of proper cure and 
examination. 
If the farmer has not bam room enongh to 
store his hay and stacking is required, he should 
determine before hand the position of each 
stack ; and it a crib is to be used as a base for 
the stack, the materials for making it should he 
prepared and placed near the ground the stacks 
are to occupy. By suitable preparation, in these 
respects, the business of the hay harvest will be 
greatly facilitated and the cost of gathering the 
crop much diminished. 
Few farmers farm as well as they know how. 
Generally they are more perfect in theory than 
in practice, and this arises sometimes from cir¬ 
cumstances which it is impossible to control, 
and frequently from want of energy and careful 
foresight. Take baying for an instance to illus¬ 
trate these assertions. There comes a certain 
time when the farmer sees that the clover should 
be cut. That time, we think, all things con¬ 
sidered, is just before the period of lull blos¬ 
som—before brown clover heads appear much 
in the field. A prolonged period of wet weather 
may then delay the cutting beyond the proper 
time, and the farmer is not in fault; but more 
frequently it is not the weather which puts back 
the cutting of the clover, but some other un¬ 
finished farm work—hoeing perhaps. The rem¬ 
edy for this clash of farm work is well laid plans, 
energy and plenty of help in executing them. 
It is a nice thing to make the best of hay; 
even if the weather be good it requires skillful 
manipulation to attain the object. Clover must 
not be exposed too long in a hot sun. Let it 
cure in the shade, or in other word*, in the cock. 
All the sunning it requires is just sufficient to 
wilt it. Dried grass is not hay . When the 
water in the gra.-s is evaporated sufficiently to 
make it safe to bulk It, fermentution changes it 
to hay. Now this fermentation should take 
place partly in the field—iu the cock, it will' be 
finished in the stack and mow. And the less 
the grass is dried in the sun and wind, aud got¬ 
ten in proper condition to undergo the fermen¬ 
tation in the stack without danger of mold or 
heating, the sweeter and brighter will be the hay. 
Of all our commou crops for hay, clover iu- 
jires most, perhaps, by getting pver ripe. The 
=ta!k is then worthless. Stock .will reject it, and 
in handling it the over-ripe leaves break and fall 
nil or crumble to powder. You may set it down 
as a sound farm maxim that more food will be 
obtained by cutting ciover one week before it 
attains its lull growth, than one week after the 
blossoms begin to dry up. Aud there is another 
important consideration in favor of early cut- 
-mg— it gives a good chance for a crop of clo¬ 
ver seed. 
The quality of the hay depends also a great 
deal on the fermentation which it undergoes in 
the mow or stack. The nature of this is not 
very well understood. It, varies greatly in dlf- 
lerent years, with grass in apparently the same 
condition. Doubtless the quality of the grass 
affects it materially—whether it is rich in certain 
nutritive elements or not. 
Iu stacking or mowing large quantities it is 
KeiJ to provide some method of ventilating the 
hay — thus permitting the heat and vapor to es- 
-ape freely. A small quantity of quick lime— 
say two quarts to a ton — has been highly recom¬ 
mended by practical men as a preventive against 
mold. Salt is sometimes used for the same ob- 
J'-t't, and to some extent it is beneficial, as it 
orders the hay more palatable to stock. But 
l t a ' so gathers moisture; hence it should not 
e to ° fr e <-Iy used, or too much reliance placed 
°n he preservative qualities, if the hay is not in 
Proper condition. 
MAIN FLOOR. 
A, Tool Room; B. Bay; o, Floor; D, Passage-way; 
E, Granary ; F. Floor; U, Bay. 
fodder from loft above to stable below. Posts 15 
feet in center aud north wing; south 12 feet; 
windows 12 lights, 8 by lu, for ventilating; 15- 
llght 7-by-9 windows in gables. The siding is 
pine, oue inch, planed and matched. Projection 
of roof 2 feet. Paint, zinc. 
The angles formed by connecting buildings to¬ 
gether in this way, make a very leeward space 
that cannot be obtained in buildings of most 
other forms. The wall of basement is higher 
than the old method of building such walls, and 
this I consider very necessary to the health of 
stock as well as the preservation of timbers over¬ 
head; In fact, I consider my mode of ventilating 
ample. The different parts being of the same 
grade, it is much more convenient passiugin and 
out with stock and manure, than if some parts 
were higher or lower than others. I consider 
stone flooring much preferable to plunk, as it 
soon becomes water-tight; therefore, there is no 
foul matter arising as with leaky floors.” 
BASEMENT. 
H, H, Manure Sheds; L, L, Stables? J, (whole of 
main basement.) Stable#; I, Stalls. 
The ground was an easterly slope, with a fall 
of about 2 feet to the rod, the earth being 
removed until a level was obtained. The base¬ 
ment walls are 8 feet high, 2 feet thick, con¬ 
structed of cobble stone, laid in cement, with 
trench underneath 2 feet deep, 2j^ wide. There 
is a space, you will notice, iu front of each wing 
not walled in. This part is used for shed and 
manure, and this space is necessary for these 
purposes. 
All of the middle basement is used for stabling, 
and has an alley in center with stalls and man¬ 
gers on each side facing the same. The passage¬ 
ways from this stable open into that portion of 
wing basements which is used for shed and 
storing of manure. The other stabling is in 
north end of north wing and south end of south 
wing. These rooms are ventilated and lighted 
by 20-light-7-by-9 windows, that let down from 
top, 7 in main stable, and 1 in each ef the other 
VARIOUS TOPICS DISCUSSED 
The Potato Bug —A Remedy. 
Mr. Amos De Haven, writing to us on this 
subject from Knox Co., Ohio, says : — “ In the 
Rural of May 26th, I find an article on the Po¬ 
tato Bug, without a remedy against its ravages. 
For the benefit of such of your readers as may 
be visited by that destructive bug (or beetle,) I 
will give you an iufalllble remedy, which I have 
practiced with entire success for several years 
when all else failed to check Its ravages. The 
ingredient is easily obtained near all towns or 
cities that are lighted with gas, and need only 
be applied once during the whole season. As I 
have never had a bug return after applying the 
remedy, whidh is simply the refuse lime from 
gas works. As soon as the bug makes its ap¬ 
pearance sprinkle the vines while the dew is on. 
A bushel of lime is plenty for an acre, but more 
will do no harm.” 
SOUTHERN EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE 
Fish Offal. 
Tucse who reside near places where consid¬ 
erable fishing is done will often have noticed 
and Lave been offended by the stench arising 
from the multitude of flsh-heads and small re¬ 
jected fish left to rot and taint the air in 
such places. This nuisance might be profitably 
abated by farmers residing in the vicinity of lt, 
with a very little expenditure of time each day. 
If the fish-heads and rejected Bnrnll fish were 
gathered in baskets and distributed about the 
corn or vine hills, and covered up lightly with 
vegetable mold, a marked improvement iu the 
vigor of the growing plants would be manifested 
while their productiveness, at maturity, would 
be correspondingly gveat. It may not be a very 
pleasant way of procuring fertilizers, but it will 
certainly prove a paying one to all who may 
pursue it. In this manner a double object is ac¬ 
complished— a nuisance is abated, and money 
made by the operation. 
last two numbers of Bralthwaite’s Retrospect 
are reported a series of experiments with the 
hyposulphite of soda, with a view to test its 
powers in arresting fermentative diseases. 
Among these experiments, a number of dogs 
were inoculated with the virus of glanders. To 
a portion of them the hyposulphite of soda was 
administered; the others were left to nature. 
Ail the former recovered, and all of the latter 
died.” If there is anything in this of a reliable 
character, a fair trial will soon make it manifest. 
It Is supposed that one or two drachms adminis¬ 
tered two or three times a day will be sufficient. 
It may require more, but experiment will deter¬ 
mine the quantity to be used, and also its value 
as a cure for glanders. 
safe to buy ? ” It may be so, but are uot the 
chances against success ? Do they uot render 
it, we do not say possible, but probable that the 
purchase of another hundred acres will involve 
the loss of the first one a/lcl consequently of 
both V It is the old temptation in the “ garden” 
ovar again in a slightly modified form. There 
was no pretence, on the part of the tempted, 
that they were not amply provided with all 
needed good, but, not satisfied with this, they 
wanted more because it was of possible attain¬ 
ment. They took more and lost all. This other 
“hundred acres” js no doubt desirable, but pru¬ 
dence would seem to couusel, “pay for the first 
hundred before venturing on a second with great¬ 
ly crippled means to meet the additional respon¬ 
sibility involved.” 
though this section is clear of it. I have not 
seen any of the Canada thistle yet,—but in some 
fields plenty of white daisy. As a general thing 
the land does not seem as weedy as at the North. 
I think ou most farms weeds are more easily 
kept down. Where permitted to grow they are 
very luxuriant, indicating a strong soil. The 
ground tods over readily — and when once iu 
grass, if properly used, a splendid *od is the re¬ 
sult. But iu many cases, the majority, the far¬ 
mers rarely manure their grass laud=. but mow 
until they give out and then plow up and re-seed. 
The temptation to sell buy overcomes their ulti¬ 
mate prudence. It is as true here as in colder 
regions that meadows and pastures, to he long 
useful must be occasionally top-dressed with 
good manure. 
The habitant say they do not remember so 
cold and bad a spring here since 1816, and still 
corn and potatoes are looking well and bid fair 
for a good crop, though people are yet planting 
both. The grass crop is reported a failure over 
all the State, and the hay crop will be a very 
light one indeed. Winter wheat will generally 
be a good deal less than an average crop. It is 
now heading out and a pretty good opinion can 
be formed of the prospect. The peach crop is 
reported a failure, though the little orchard I 
Should He Venture Itl 
"We know of a farmer who has one hundred 
acres of land, ninety of which are under culti¬ 
vation. There are a few hundred dollars yet 
due on the premises. He has the stock and 
necessary farming implements for a suitable 
cultivation of his laud. Along-side of him is 
another hundred acres for sale which he is anx¬ 
ious to secure. By selling a portion of his stock 
the sum demanded down can be raised, while 
for the balance a long credit can be obtained. 
The question with this person is, “ Will it he 
The Cattle Disease. 
The Irish Farmers Gazette, of June 2d, de¬ 
nies that the cattle plague has appeared in Ire¬ 
land though a disease differing from that, and in 
some cases fatal in its effects, has developed it¬ 
self in EOmc localities. Assuming that this is 
the much dreaded rinderpest farmers are repre¬ 
sented to be pressing their cattle on the market 
with feverish anxiety. The market being over¬ 
stocked, sales, If made at all, are at rates ruin¬ 
ous to the seller. 
CULTIVATING AND HOEING. 
Ihe heavy rains that have fallen throughout 
■ - ar ge portion of the country since the planting 
' laS0D > increase the labor of hoeing andcul- 
ivating. The soil is compacted and crusted 
- v cr, and the grass and weeds are started vigor- 
,JQi) y. Early cultivating is necessary. You 
ma ^ cow Ee< 3 plainly the advantage of straight 
Can Glanders be Cured 1 
This question has been often asked and as 
often answered in the negative. Recently ex¬ 
periments have been made with hyposulphite of 
soda, which seem to indicate that the disease is 
not incurable. On this subject a correspondent 
of the Turf, Field and Farm, says: — “ In the 
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