k^AGRJCULTURr 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JULY 7, 1866 
!WHOLE NO.'859 
ESTABLISHED IM1S50 
great. Hence from necessity a great deal of 
wheat must be cut that is fully ripe—much that 
is so far past that stage as to shell badly. 
In seasons of rain it is doubtless well to let 
the grain get lully ripe, so as to admit of draw¬ 
ing to the stack or bam quickly. The chances 
of having grown wheat are lessened. If there 
is no grass in the bottom, fully ripe grain may 
be stacked safely, if the work is properly done 
twenty four hours alter cutting. In 6uch case 
the stack Bhould be small, have a ventilator in 
the center, and be placed high enough from the 
ground to admit a circulation of air under it 
Farmers who have to stack their grain should 
construct the foundations before the harvest 
begins, and if a ruiny time comes on much grain 
can be saved in good condition by drawing 
promptly. It would be a good rule to adopt, 
for either grass or grain, to draw as soon as it 
is in condition. Don’t wait to get down the 
whole. Remember if a rain falls it is more se¬ 
cure if standing —or in the mow. In securing 
the immense harvests of the West, where stack- 
Ingmustbe resorted to, every preparation should 
be rnude before hand for securing the cut grain 
promptly. 
Where, stacking is a necessity, stack cover# of 
canvas should be considered equally a necessity. 
When using such covers one is not obliged to 
top out a stack until convenient. A portion of 
the crop may be drawn, stacked, the covers put 
ou and it is seeure, and when more grain tsready 
the top can be bnilt at leisure. So with hay. We 
are afraid that farmers don’t half appreciate the 
value of stack covers. We have known numer¬ 
ous instances where the cost of one would have 
been saved, on a single stack, in one season. 
Every ellort should be put forth this year to 
save the wheat in good order. If possible don’t 
go into the harvest fledd weak handed. You may 
count on receiving price enough for the grain to 
make hiring help economical. Of course every 
farmer , with a large harvest, will call to his aid 
ample machinery; and If we are favored with 
good weal her, much may be done this year to¬ 
wards making up the crop to an average, by 
saving it all , and securing it in good condition. 
exert our powers to the utmost, we should 
be surprised at the narrowness of the space 
they might be profitably employed upon. 
We should be astonished at the amouut 
that could be produced from a small piece s 
of thoroughly prepared and cultivated land. 4 . 
No man Hub yet reached that limit where A 
the Boil ha3 refused to yield a farther in- M 
crease, when judiciously rewarded. Small 'Jj 
or moderate sized farms are more profitable 3-v/^ 
than those of more extended area. The in- ^ 
vestment is less and the whole extent is more 
under the Immediate eye of the owner; less pro¬ 
portional expense necessary in the management 
generally—for time la mousy, and It is necessa¬ 
rily expended in looking after fields, etc., far 
away from the dwelling; then, the carting or 
carrying crops, manure, material for fencing, 
etc., etc., amount to quite an item yearly. The 
extra help required In taking care of large plan¬ 
tations, and the necessary loss of time above 
specified will be quite an item to come out of the 
profits. On the whole we find that moderate 
sized, or small farms, give the greatest relative 
profit.; they being more thoroughly tilled, and 
being more under the immediate eye of the 
owner, any negligence or Irregularity is at once 
discovered, and leas lime and expense is neces¬ 
sarily required to repair than if farther away. 
Should we not enjoy this life better, and exert 
a better influence upon those around ns, if we, 
instead of adding aero to acre by purchasing ad¬ 
joining fields, improved to the fullest extent 
what wo already have ? spent a portion of the in¬ 
come to beautify and adorn our homes—making 
them more attractive, creating associations that 
only end with life—thus inciting a love of rural 
life In the rising generation, instead of creating 
that dislike to a farm life that is pretty sure to 
be the case where onr children are brought up 
as they necessarily would he were we to he 
shouldered with a heavy debt—one that would 
he likely to hang over ns for years, causing a ne¬ 
cessity for constant hard work and close econ¬ 
omy In order to meet its requirements ? Under 
such u state of things, what, time U there for the 
culture of the intellect or the proper adornment 
of the home? All the strength ia expended in 
the muscles, giving no chance for the intellec¬ 
tual. Do we, nnder such circumstances, fulfil 
the cud for which we were created and placed in 
our sphere V Or, do we enjoy life better than we 
should if living in suitable, comfortable dwell¬ 
ings, surrounded with attractive scenery, made 
so by the work of onr bands, planned by a cul¬ 
tivated mind, and by generations growing up 
who will, when we are gone, arise and cull ns 
blessed ? 
In the foregoing I have omitted reference to 
several points which should be taken into con¬ 
sideration, from the text, which it la to he 
hoped the practical judgment of the reader will 
supply, Wm. H. White. 
South Windsor, Coni^ 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN$ ORIOISAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corps of Able Assistants and Contributors 
HENRY 8. RANDALL, LL, D. t 
Editor of the Department of Sheep Husbandry, 
HON._T._C. PETERS, 
Late Pres’t N. Y. State Jig. Sec’yTsouthern Cor. Editor, 
tW Fob Terms and other particulars see ]R#t 
THE SUMMER FALLOW. 
rnAurvBexGSR.sc, 
A, Cervical Vertebras. 5 Tranezoid 
B, B, Dorsal V.-rtabw. o’ OsMacnum 
£’ Vertabr*. \ 
p- !/’ „ 8, Pisiform. 
F, K,’ 7{lb8 iKt ” Bonos, N, N, Large Metacarpal or 
Ii’ 8cunnl« artUflKeS ' °’ S^alTMetacarpal or 
f ’ ~ “ splint bones. 
tt S?5i erui# 8eeamoUI Bonci. 
’ f ’ rft?,!"•■ Q> Q, Phalange#. 
M ^ v 1, Ob SntTraL’inla or 
M, CarpiiH Or knee. Pastern Bone. 
1, Scaphoid. 2 , Os Oorunte. 
a’ ?’Mn r irmr - 8, °» ^ie. 
i m A. 2, 8, Phalanges. 
4, Trapezium. R, Kelvin, * 
We give an engraving of the Skeleton of the 
Horse, with the proper terms by which the parts 
are designated, which may aid the reader who is 
desirous to become familiar with the anatomy of 
this useful animal. One cannot expect to per¬ 
fect himself in anatomical knowledge by merely 
looking on paper, but by the aid of this picture 
and explanation, any one should be able to dis¬ 
sect and name the parts of the skeleton of the 
1, Ileum. 1, 2 , 8, Phalanges. 
2, Pubis. Y, Small Metatarsal. 
8, Ischium. Z, Bead. 
8. Femur. 1, Inferior Maxilla. 
T« Patella. 2, Superior Maxilla. 
U, Tibia. 3 . Anterior Maxilla. 
V, 1lbula. 4 , Nasal Bout:. 
W, Hock. 5, Malar. 
1, Os Calcis. 6, Frontal. 
2 , Astragalua. 7, Parlet.nl. 
a, Cuneiform Magnum, a, Oceip t il. 
4, Cuneiform Medium. », Lachrymal. 
5, Cuneiform Pamun. JO, sqaaniou*. > „ , , 
tt, Cuboid. n Petrous (Temp’rl. 
8, 0, Oubo Cueniforia. 
X, Large Metatarsal. 
horse. In this respect it may be useful. It 
gives the general reader a correct idea of the 
foundation, so to speak, of that beautiful ani¬ 
mal structure we daily use und admire. In the 
No. of the Rural dated March 3d we gave the 
portrait of an English carthorse, with the exter¬ 
nal parts marked and named, and at some future 
time we shall endeavor to further illustrate the 
anatomy of this useful companion of man. 
SMALL vs. LARGE FARMS, 
“ We know of a farmer who baB one hundred acres 
ofland, ninety of which arc under cultivation. There 
are a few hundred dollars yet due on his premises, 
lie baa the stock and necessary farmhig implements 
for a suitable cultivation of hia land. AlODg-aide of 
him is another hundred acres forijale which he is anx¬ 
ious to secure. By selling a portion of his stock the 
sum demanded down cau be raised, while for the bal¬ 
ance a long credit can be obtained. The qneetion 
with the pereou le, ** Will it bo safe to buy ? "—Jlural 
New- I'l/rker, Ko. 807. 
Having already one hundred acres, and not all 
paid for, what advantage is to be derived from 
the possession of the adjoining hundred acres ? 
Does the ninety acres under cultivation produce 
all it Is capable of yielding? Has all the im¬ 
provement required been made to show the full 
capacity ef the soil under cultivation ? Cun yon 
to advantage to yourself, everything considered, 
cultivate properly, and as it should be, double 
the quantity of land you now have nnder cnlti- 
vatlon ? Farther, is it a desirable life to lead, 
with a load of debt hanging over you ? — for you 
know Jt is asserted la Holy Writ, that “ the 
borrower is servant to the lender.” If all the 
foregoing can be answered in the ailirmative, and 
are desirable conditions, then there are farther 
circumstances to consider. Have you a lease of 
life and health, provided you have the requisite 
perseverance and economy to warrant the pur¬ 
chase to insure of not entailing a load, if not loss 
upon your heirs or family ’-fur it should he the 
duty of every one in life and health to consider 
the future, not only.for himself, but for those 
dependant upon him. Would it not in this case 
be better ior the man to devote his energies to 
the producing of a sufficiency to remove the 
in the earth. This we think, would be the best 
plan. At all events, it is well to study, and pre¬ 
pare before hand means for destroying these 
rascals which work underground in the dark, 
and blast the prospects of the corn-grower. 
Saving Seed Grain. 
It is worth the while of any farmer to closely 
inspect his fields of grain, to discover if there 
be any heads or stools superior in quality or 
ripening earlier than the main crop. If bucIi 
are found, mark them carefhlly, aud when fully 
ripe cut with a knife, and secure them. Some 
of the best varieties of wheat wo have had in 
this country originated tn this way. At, any rate 
very superior seed might be obtained of any 
kind of grain, by saving some of the earliest, 
plumpest heads, sowing the seed on rich, quick 
land for a year or two. The farmer who baa 
prime seed grain to sell can always get a large 
price for it. 
be close by. The tank should be provided with 
a pump, so as to return the liquid matter to the 
heap in dry weather. The heap should likewise 
he well trodden.” 
Wheat Plant — Change. 
The New York Evening l’ost quotes 
from a German exchange a statement as to 
the method adopted by a farmer in Con¬ 
stance, changing the wheat, plant from an 
annual to a pcrenJal one. The wheat is mown 
jnst before the season of heading — the process 
being repeated several times during the season 
as the plant continues to grow. The next year 
it ripens earlier and bears more abundantly than 
when treated in the ordinary manner. It is ma¬ 
nured in the autumn like grass in the meadows, 
and in the spring cleared from weeds. In this 
manner, from one field four successive harvests 
have been gathered. 
VARIOUS TOPICS DISCUSSED. 
Lodged Oats. 
It has been a favorable Beason for tbe oat 
crop. It was genarally sown early, with the 
ground in good condition and seasonable ruins 
have fallen. A great many pieces will lodge. 
The most profitable way to secure lodged oats, 
is to ent them before the straw turns yellow, 
and cure like hay. If taken at the proper time, 
the grain and stalk combined will make excel¬ 
lent feed for horses. 
THE WHEAT HARVEST 
The Cut Worm, 
This destructive pest has been very numer¬ 
ous throughout the entire country this year. In 
this section and in the West, whole fields of corn 
have been destroyed by it, and as the season has 
been cold and backward, replanting has not suc¬ 
ceeded first rate. The ravages of this enemy to 
the corn crop are becoming really alarming, and 
farmers should study the subject well, and un¬ 
derstand the methods, if any there he, of abating 
the injury. We will briefly mention the best 
remedies known. Fall plowing, Dr. Fitch says, 
if done late so as to expose the grubs to the 
frost, will destroy many. This practice has 
been ibuud to answer well, but it may cause 
more work to fit and tend the field the next 
year. A heavy clod-erusher passed over the field 
just before or after planting will destroy worms 
within three inches of the surface. Making 
small holes in the ground, just after a rain, into 
which the worms will fall where tho hot sun 
kills them is another remedy. An instrument 
The Potato Bug. 
The Cedar Valley Times, Iowa, alluding to 
the new pest, the potato bng, says— “ From our 
own observation, and intelligence from every 
direction, we Icam this destructive insect is 
more numerous now than ever before. From 
present appearance the potato will be almost an 
entire failure unless something can be done to 
arrest the ravages of the creatures.” 
Most of the wheat crop is not harvested pre¬ 
cisely when it has reached the most proper stage 
of growth, hut when it must and can be cut to 
save the bulk of the grain to the best advantage, 
ft is a feet, well known to the majority of farm¬ 
ers, that the grain is brightest*, sweetest, and 
enveloped in the thinnest skin, if cut and well 
cured before the kernel becomes hard, and while 
the stem contains quite an amount of sap. If 
all things connected with harvesting wheat would 
work together for the farmer’s good, we should 
say, cut the wheat by all means before it is fully 
•'lc. ihe inillei6 would pay a higher price fur 
it and the straw would be worth more to the 
stock. But the American farmer must too often 
do as he can not as he would. lie cannot com¬ 
mand the services Of a village of laborers, at a 
oay s notice, like his cousin, the English farmer, 
and the prairie wheat fields are broader than the 
English harvests, or the patches that spot the 
hillsides and vallyes of New England. Fre- 
quenliy the laborers are few and the harvests arc 
Seeding Meadows in England. 
Mr. Willard, in a letter from England 
published in the Utica Herald, says: — “ Mead¬ 
ows are seeded with the following, per acre: 
Twelve quarts of common rye grass; eight 
quarts Italian rye grass; four quarts red clover; 
mearl clover, four pounds; Dutch or white clo¬ 
ver, two pounds, or in lieu of this last, two 
of trefeil and two pounds of timothy. His sys¬ 
tem la to cut one cropland then turn to pasture 
and keep in pasture three or four years, and then 
break up. When meadows are not fed down in 
spring, the crop is about four tons to the acre.” 
Shortening Winters. 
The Cultivator, alluding to the complaints 
made oi onr long or protracted winters suggests 
several modes of shortening them: in other 
words, of advancing farm work in the spring. 
This can be -done by a proper system ot farm 
drainage, by which spring plowing can be com¬ 
menced three weeks earlier than without it, 
while vegetatiou will he correspondingly ad¬ 
vanced. The winter can also bo shortened or 
its severity mitigated by providing suitable 
shelter .v-r c.o^inu cuiiouuu.u^ y&tu~ym us 
witn a uuii ui cuniiuuj. 
Manure Pits. 
Prop. Voelcrsr recommends that “the 
Bides and bottoms of manure pits should he 
rendered impenetrable to water, either by clay 
puddling or hydraulic cement; that, the bottom 
of the manure pit should be in a slightly in¬ 
clined position, so as to carry the liquid manure 
and drainings into a manure tank, which should 
