4 
anticipations. The recruits for the new campaign 
of the Rural Brigade arrive In squads (clnbsj^and 
singly, from all sections, near and distant, and many 
speak in high term* of the paper, promising further 
additions. Thanks, friends! While yon arc so gen¬ 
erous In efforts to extend the circulation of the 
Rural, we shall nse our best endeavors to augment 
its value and usefulness to community. See notice 
at head of News Department. 
of January 27th, asks where a “peppermint dis¬ 
tillery is situated, and what one will cost.” As 
to the situation of a distillery, there are three In 
this immediate'neighborhood, two for steaming 
and one for boiling the “ mint.” In the boiling 
process a copper boiler is used,vary ing in capacity 
from seven to twelve and fourteen barrels. The 
cost or this, of course, will depend on the price 
of copper and labor. In ordinary times a boiler 
of twelve barrels, and a copper “ worm,” (which 
is a part of the distillery,) could be bought for 
one hundred and fifty to two hundred dollar*. 
Tin can be used for the worm instead of copper, 
but as it lies in water it soon rusts out and is 
also liable to buret, and get out of order 
otherwise. 
Tor eteamlng “ mint,” an iron boiler is used 
with a copper or tin worm. Any steam boiler 
of the capacity of ten-horse power and upward, 
will answer the purpose. Two large tubs are 
necessary, and should be made of two-inch pine 
plank, free from knots and cheeks. They should 
be made steam tight, and bound with iron 
hoops. Make the tubs four feet and u half in 
diameter at the bottom, and four feet at the top, 
on the inside. A false bottom, perforated with 
small holes, should be placed four Inches above 
the main bottom, to allow the 6tcam free circu¬ 
lation under the “mint” The steam can be 
conducted from the boiler to the tubs In wooden 
pipes, iron-bound at the ends. The hole in the 
upper head of the tubs should be twenty inches 
or two feet in diameter, large enough to admit 
of a man standing in the tub while filling It. 
They should be about lour feet and a half deep 
on the Inside. The hole in the top of the tubs 
should be closed with a cover or “cap” fitting 
perfectly tight, and held down with a lever or 
brace on the top. The steam should be con¬ 
ducted into the tubs at the side, Just above tbe 
lower head, and out, at the top, either through 
the head, or at the 6ide close under it. 
A peppermint distillery should be placed either 
by the side of a stream of running water, or by a 
well that eaunot be pumped dry with an ordi¬ 
nary hand-pump, as the steam must all be con¬ 
densed while passing through the “worm.” 
The above are the principal requisites for a 
peppermint distillery. There arc other minor 
points that will present themselves as necessity 
may dictate. I have not answered the question 
fully as to the cost, but 1 have told what it is 
necessary to have, and the cost will depend on 
circ uni stances. I could answer the other ques¬ 
tions propounded by Jas. M. Dickson of Boston, 
Wis., but I am afrald*tbat this article is already 
too lengthy. Twill give him tbe information 
he asks in a future number of the Rural If it 
would not be occupying too much valuable 
space. J* B - T * 
Newark, Wayne Co., N. Y., 1860. 
Remarks. —We thanlc our correspondent for 
his favor, and hope he will furnish us more 
information on the subject. 
as the new swarm gathers in the body of the 
hive aud surplus the whole season. Also, in ad¬ 
dition, as much as second and third swarms 
have gathered, had they lssned until that time. 
Thus tbe non-swarmer not swarming, gathers 
nearly as much as the swarmer and all Its 
swarms, if rightly constructed, storing all but 
30 lbs. for winter in surplus boxes, in good shape 
for market. In the first case the large hive will 
give double the surplus of tbe small one and at 
least as good a swarm, and in the last case from 
five to ten times as much. 
3d. The care and trouble is much less to 
secure the same amount of honey. But irom 
one-half to one-tenth the number of colonies 
will be required. Fewer swarms issuing, it will 
require Icbb time to attend upon them. 
4th. The expense la much less. If one non- 
swarmer will give as much surplus os two swarm- 
ers, then you are at but half the,’expense of 
Bwarros and no more than half the expense for 
the hives, except the trifle that a large hive costa 
more than a small one, and that trifle divided 
between the number of years that the hire will 
last. 8o that In that case the expense i3 but a 
trifle more than half as much for the same 
amount of surplus. But when jwc come to 
five small hivcB and swarms, as Mr. Quinby esti¬ 
mates in his book, first edition, for one large 
hive and Its swarm, to have the expense for 
swarms $25 Instead of $5, obtaining the same 
Burplus with one hive for five dollars that costs 
you twenty-five for the other, the difference tells. 
In his revised edition he has altered his esti¬ 
mate, and gives two dollars’ worth of surplus 
to the swarmer to five to the non-swarmer. This 
is an expense for swarms of $25 to the swarmer 
to $10 l'or the non-swarmer for the same surplus, 
and this difference holds good as long as yoH 
keep bees. 
But my experiments have been more^than fifty 
per cent, more favorable to the non-swarmer 
But take an apiary of 
Tax Crops Improving. — In this region the crops 
have improved amazingly, of late. Wheat and spring 
grains are far more promising than the most san¬ 
guine anticipated a month ago—and some think them 
better than the average.. .Grass is looking well, es¬ 
pecially new meadows. An unusually large breadth 
of potatoes was planted and the crop Is promising. 
Reports In regard to the fruit crop, especially apples, 
are contradictory. Peaches promise well, and there 
is a good yield of cherries and strawberries. Corn 
is backward and very unpromising — yet July and 
August may “ make a crop.” 
The Trial of Implements at Auburn.— Those of 
onr readers Interested will bear in mind that the N. 
Y. State Ag. Society’s Trial of Implements ia to com¬ 
mence at Auburn on Tuesday next, July 10th. The 
occasion will be one of considerable interest to both 
manufacturer* and users of Agricultural Implements 
and Machinery, and we trust much benefit will result. 
The trial is to continue until a test of all the com¬ 
peting Implemeaw and machines is completed. 
lare with that wasting malady bo prevalent in 
this country-, especially among tegs, which is 
characterized by an extreme pallor about the 
nose and eyes — waxiness about and running 
from the eye6—gradual but steady Iobb of condi¬ 
tion and Ktrcngth—and finally by extreme debil¬ 
ity aud death. This is perhaps the most fatal 
malady of our climate. “ Nine out of ten” pro¬ 
nounce it “grub in the head,” because these 
worms are oftentimes found in the head after 
death. As remarked in the previous Instance, 
they certainly did not kill the sheep in whose 
heads they did not exist. And so long a* a large 
portion of the patients die with the same symp¬ 
toms exactly, without them itis obvious we must 
look further for the cause of the malady. 
We submitted our views a short time since In 
respect to some of the fertile sources of the in¬ 
creasing maladies among our sheep —enumer¬ 
ating among these too high keep, the want of 
pure air, of exercise, and of a modicum of green 
winter feed. We will now make 6ome addition 
to those suggestions. We believe that bay for 
sheep is generally cut too ripe. Cut at the usual 
time, it “spends better," aud probably contains 
more nutriment, but the tough, wiry stems of 
the timothy, and the dry, woody stalks of the 
clover, have got their nutriment Into a condition 
unsuited to sheep—especially to tegs. Aud If 
the hay—the staple feed—is bad, no feeding of 
grain or roots, or both, can atone l'or the defi¬ 
ciency. We believe timothy and clover are both 
good feed, if cut and cured at the suitable time 
and in a proper way. We would prefer them 
mixed; but either, suitably prepared, is better 
than au abundance of grain and roots with over 
ripe or badly cured hay. It costs considerably 
more to cure hay when It Is younger aud fuller 
of juice,—but what is this compared with the 
destruction of tegs, when the winter chances to 
be an unfavorable one to sheep ? 
Koweu is greatly praised by some. Timothy 
rowen is generally tough and not very nutri¬ 
tious, and in not one instance In ten is clover 
rowen got In green and bright. 
We will name but one more source of disease 
now. Our sheep are oftentimes exposed to too 
sudden changes of temperature. They are con¬ 
fined in warm barns at night, with little ventila¬ 
tion. This predisposes them to take cold on 
slight exposure. In intensely cold, or In very 
stormy w eather, even the opening of the doors 
in the morning to “ air out” the badly smelling 
stables may be sufficient for that purpose. The 
catarrh sets in and often becomes enzootic in 
the flock. 
What with the tegs w'hieh die of the last mal¬ 
ady, with the pale disease, with catarrh, pneu¬ 
monia, and with disease of the brain, few, we 
suspect, are left to set down in the column of 
deaths caused by “ grub in the head.” 
Fruit Growers’ Society—June Meeting.— Our 
paper, this week, contain* an account of the pro¬ 
ceedings of the “Fruit Growers’ Society’’ of West¬ 
ern New York, held in this city on the 27lli ult. A 
respectable number of fruit growers were in attend¬ 
ance, and enjoyed a free lnterchang# of opinions and 
sentiment* on the several propositions submitted for 
consideration. Theecgathering* of instructed, prac¬ 
tical men, cannot fail of exerting a healthful Influence 
than bis first estimate, 
fifty swarmer* on his first estimate and there is 
an expense of $250 for swarms. Twenty non- 
swarmers, ho estimates, would give the same 
surplus. There is but an expense of $100 for 
sw'arms. Twenty of the large hives made as 
coarse, without planing, paint or glass, would 
cost less than fifty Btuall ones. The expense of 
the same amount of surplus in the small hive 
costs more than double of that In the large hive. 
The boxes for the same amount of surplus cost 
the same in each case and are paid for by the 
purchaser of the honey. 
Suppose a bee-keeper in a field sustaining 
twenty « warmers, giving him $40 worth of honey, 
puts eight of his first swarms into the large 
hive, he may sell his twenty old stocks for $100, 
and from the eight secure the same amount of 
surplus he does now, his $40—according to Mr. 
Q.’s revised estimate; but according to Mr. Quin- 
hy’s first estimate, five to one, he would get $80 
from the eight. According to my experiments 
he would do much better than this. 
I think from the foregoing reasons the non- 
swarmer is much to be preferred. 
. Jasper Hazen. 
Great Horse Fair at Bufffalo.— A number of 
prominent citizens of Buffalo have been appointed 
a committee to arrapgc* for anil superintend a great 
Trotting Fair, to come off in that city on the 14th, 
I5th and 16th days of August. The aggregate sum 
subscribed to the purse fund ia eleven thousand dol¬ 
lar*, about nine-tenths of which will be made up 
into purses to be given to the owners of tho compe¬ 
ting horses, according to the rules adopted for mak¬ 
ing the awards. There will he two trotting matches, 
each day. during the continuance of the fair or festi¬ 
val. The officers of the association are Hon. C. J. 
Wells, President; C. J. Hamlin, Treu-urer, and H. 
Mill ark. Secrotary. Thera is a general managing 
committee cf thirteen, among whom we notice the 
name* of lion. W, G. Far<;o, Gen. R. L. Howard, J. 
G. Maxten and others. 
Great Destruction of Sheep at the West.— 
Accounts from the West, especially from Ohio and 
Michigan, represent the destruction of sheep In that 
quarter by a cold rain storm, some days siuce, to 
have been very great. Individual farmers are men¬ 
tioned as having loBt from fifty to one hundred and 
fifty oul of flock* of two or three hundred. It Is esti- 
TWO CLASSES OF HIVES, 
Tiie question of hives used by the bee-keeper, 
may be regarded as a very important one. The 
success of the apiarian may be depending, In a 
great measure, upon It. Mr. QuiNBVsays, page 
18 of his first edition“ The advantages of bee¬ 
keeping depend as much upon the construction 
of hives as any one thing.” If you can afford 
me space I should be pleased to institute a com¬ 
parison between two classes of hives, the swarmer 
aud the non-swarmer. 
Colonies of bees in a very large hive, say of 
the capacity of 5,000 cubic inches, will not be 
likely to swarin. The rule, with some excep¬ 
tions, will be not to swarm. This without refer¬ 
ence to the form, only that its parts be nearly 
equi-distant from a common center, and freely 
and conveniently accessible from that center. A 
hive of 5,000 inches may be called a large hive. 
Mr. Quixdy says of too large hives, page 48 ; 
“ The swarms will not be proportionably large 
when they do Issue, whj|h is seldom.” Hives 
from which sw'arms seldom issue, whatever 
their form, may properly be called non- 
s warmers. 
There is one form of hire more generally in¬ 
troduced in this section of country thau auy 
other form within my knowledge, recommended 
by Mr. Quinby, page 42, of about 2,000 cubic 
inches, which, with all others of about that size, 
of whatever form, may be denominated swarm- 
ers, because the rule, with occasional excep¬ 
tions, is to throw out one or more swarms each 
season. Hives between 5,000 and 2,000 inches 
may be more or less likely to swarm as they 
approximate the larger or smaller size. But I 
think there cau be no valid or reasonable objee 
tion to calling the hive so small that the rule is 
to swarm, ft swarmer, though seasons may fre¬ 
quently occur when they send out no swarm; 
and the large hive, a non-swarmer, though it 
sometimes swarms, “ which is seldom Every 
person interested in cultivating bees must be de¬ 
sirous to satisfy himself which of the two classes 
will be most profitable; and I will give some 
reasons in favor of the non-swarmer; 
1st. It is better than the &warmer in those sea¬ 
sons when it easts a swarm; for, with the abun¬ 
dant box-room furnished, there is no clustering 
out in idleness, but the bees are generiflly em¬ 
ployed in all parts of the hive until the sw'arm 
issues. Illustration—Four non-swarmer hives 
in one season gave seven 6warms, and 09 lbs. of 
surplus. Four colonies in the hive recommend¬ 
ed in Mr. Quran y’ 8 book, of 2,000 cubic inches, 
gave three swarms aud 12 lbs. of surplus. With 
abundant room, bees will work better than wheu 
crowded so as to cluster out In large numbers. 
Growing Potatoes Under Straw. 
The editor of the Rural World says:—“ On 
a recent trip in St. Clair Co., Ills., we saw hun¬ 
dreds of acres of land covered with straw. The 
ground had been plowed and harrowed and 
marked ofl', and potatoes dropped, and then the 
whole surface covered about six Inches deep with 
straw. The potatoes have no further attention 
till digging time, wheu two or three hundred 
bushels per acre arc obtained. The straw keeps 
the weeds down, and the soil cool and moist. 
The straw is raked away in autumn, and there 
lie the potatoes white and clean. The straw 
potatoes bring the highest price in market.” 
We think this process a good one for maty 
parts of tbe We6t, but it would hardly answer 
where straw is of much value for stock. 
Condensed Correspondence, Items, &c, 
Damp Earth a Deodorizer, 
A recent correspondent 6peaks of moist 
earth as a deodorizer, and we iucline to the 
opinion that he is correct A load of wet muck, 
finely mixed with any kind of green manure will 
arrest all the odors that may arise from it. AU 
that seems necessary is to mix them well to¬ 
gether, 60 that they will come in contact as 
much as possible. We have just tried an exper¬ 
iment. We took a load of muck the preseut 
spring, which had been thrown out of a ditch u 
year, though stUI wet and heavy, mixed it with 
green droppiDgs, chopped it all together, put a 
small shovelfhl in a hill on a strip of broke-up 
pasture land, and on this a little plaster and 
ashe6, and then planted potatoes. We want to 
see its comparative value with horse and other 
manures by its side for potatoes. — Me. Fanner. 
Why they don’t do it. 
The editor of the American Agriculturist 
states that, in a conversation held some time 
Heavy Fleece.— The 2 years old ram “ Kilpatrick,” 
bred ami owned by Wat. R. Sanford of Orwell, Vt., 
produced 30 lbs. of wool a(. this spring’s shearing— 
Qeece of one year’s growth. He was got by Comet, 
dam by California, He received tbe first prize in hie 
class at the New England Fair, and the Sweepstakes 
prize over everything, lie also received first prize 
in his cluss at Vermont State Fair. 
Camphor -Turfkntinb, &c. — J. W. Sanborn, 
Goodrich, Mich. Lambs treated with camphor for 
goitre do not usually “ have the skin taken off from 
their nocks.” Tho preparation ordinarily used i* the 
gam dissolved in alcohol. The 4 turpentine" spoken 
of In the Practical Shepherd, as n portion of a reme¬ 
dy which ha- been sometimes tired for rhenmatism. 
Is tho ordinary spirit.- of turpentine or Ibe shops. 
The lamb mentioned by you was not, at all events, 
“killed” by tho turpentine and lard administered. 
We do not consider Mr. Baker's remedy a satisfac¬ 
tory one—but it is safe. 
Buying Hoof-rot Sheep. — Lorenzo Crocker, 
Dedham, Mass., asks us if we “ would advise a per¬ 
son with a small capital to invest in hoof-rot sheep 
if they could be purchased cheap.” This would de¬ 
pend upon circumstances. If the purchaser was 
familiar with the disease, aud was about to take 
sheep into a region whore hoof-rot was prevalent, 
and could obtain a valuable dock on advantageous 
terms, on account of its having hoof-root, it might be 
very expedient thus to purchase—for it is absolutely 
certain that tho disease can bo cured, and, in a small 
flock, without much difficulty. With the above con¬ 
ditions reversed; If unacquainted with t.he treatment 
of tho disease—if the disease had not previously been 
introduced Into the neighborhood—and if the reduc¬ 
tion In price was not sufficient to pay both for the 
A PEPPERMINT DISTILLERY. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker : — D. C. Carpen¬ 
ter of Livingston Co., Michigan, in the RCral 
casts a swarm under these circumstances is moie 
profitable than the small one. 
2d. If no swarm issues from the large hive, 
all the forc^ of workers will be employed in 
storing surplus until into July, covering the 
m 
storing surplus until into July, covering the Our New Half Volume commences this week 
white clover honey harvest, gathering as much tln der very favorable auspices—with a gratifying 
as the colony In the old swarmer hive will have 
leathered in surplus until that time, and as much 
Increase of circulation. The daily accessions of new 
subscribers, recently, have considerably exceeded ou r 
\/U IUV. OUtUiVUD V* it UIV VUU A V. AV M III OVVM J 
the proceedings that a lively Interest Is felt in the 
success of the “American Homological Convention,” 
which is to assemble in 8t, Lotri* on the 4th of Sep¬ 
tember next, and to continue In session one week. 
C^ulte a ntimbar from Western New York announced 
tbolr Intention of being present at this National Con¬ 
vention of the frnlt growing interest. 
mated that not less than 10,000 perished in these 
State* alono. The sheep had JUBt been shorn when a 
north-east, storm of two days duration came on with 
the results above stated. 
— In a postscript to a business letter a friend in 
Mason, Ingham Co., Mich,, June 2fith ult., says:— 
“I think at least one thormuud sheep, which had 
been recently shorn, died in this county on Monday, 
the 18th hast., In consequence of a cold rain storm.” 
cure aud the annoyance, we would not " invest.” 
I think no one will donbt but the large hive that 
since with an omcer oi one oi me gas compa¬ 
nies,vhe asked why the gas manufacturers did not 
use something to render the smell of the gas 
less offensive. The reply was that It would be 
a great disadvantage to the consumer were 
the gas deodorized, as the means ot readily de¬ 
tecting a leak In the gas pipes would thereby be 
destroyed. There is reason in this, at all events. 
It is better to put up with a disagreeable odor 
thau to be stiffed or blown up for want oi an 
indicator of dauger, disagreeable as the smell of 
1 gas may be. 
New Uses of Flax Seed. — According to a state¬ 
ment in the N. Y. Tribune, taken from an English 
paper, a new use bus been discovered for (lax seed 
or its product, linseed oil. It i* made into a material 
resembling India rubber, for which it can be substi¬ 
tuted, by oxydatlon, by which it is solidfled into a 
reelnoue substance. In this state it is combined 
w 1th gums and other in gredien t* \v hen it assumes the 
appearence and most of the properties of India rub¬ 
ber and can be used lor the same purposes. Whether 
such a use of linseed oil will puy, must depend on 
the cost of those “ other ingredients and substances,” 
and placing them in combination. 
-— -»»■ 
About Proa.— A correspondent of the Prairie 
Farmer, remarking upon the mortality frequently 
observable among pigs, Imputes it to the confine¬ 
ment of sows and their young in close pene. Give 
them room to roam about a Held or pasture and health 
will be the rule and disease and death the exception. 
Kentucky State Paul— 1 Tbe Agricultural Board 
of the State of Kentucky have dicided to hold the 
Annual State Fair on the grounds of the Bourbon Co. 
Association, Oct. 2d—5th. The exhibition 1 b to be 
confined to stock alone. 
--- 
Minor Rural Items, —Mew Wheat, the first of the 
season, was sold in St. Louis on the 20th ult., at $3.50 
per bushel. It was was giown in Calhoun Co., Ill* 
_ Michigan Crop Prospects are reported as generally 
favorable by the Detroit Tribune, upon returns re¬ 
ceived from many portions of the State.- New Pota¬ 
toes are $4 per boshel In Boston, Here in Rochester 
new Bermuda potatoes k“ ve been selling at $5 pci' 
t, U5 t,el.- Potatoes are extremely dear on the Atlantic 
coast, yet on the Pacific do not bring euoghtopay 
for the cheap sacks they are sold in .—The Locust 
have appeared in the locality ol Pittsburg, Pa., iu 
immense numbers.- The Grasshopiiers, In vast num¬ 
bers, are devastating the crops in Western Colorado. 
_ The Potato Bug is making sad ravages in some 
parts or the West.- A Pig Disease is rapidly taking 
off the young porkers down East.- The Hop Crop 
0 r England Is reported as unpromising—cold weather 
and the flea being the drawbacks.- British Wooes, 
and especially Jong wools, according to a writer n 
the Ag’l Gazette, after reviewing opinions and pros¬ 
pects, will command a high price.- To hiU 0 
Weed plowing and seeding heavily is the true course, 
according to the N. E. Farmer.- Forest Trees arc 
grown in nurseries In England, as Trait trees are here. 
GRUB IN THE HEAD-PALE DISEA8E. 
A. M. F., Fowlerville, Livingston Co., N. Y., 
writes ns (May 22dj as follows: 
Almost, If not quite, every (lock owner in this 
section has lost more or less tegs thl* spring by a die- 
0 iso that seems to me to resemble consumption more 
thin anything else, although nine men out of ten say 
It Is the grub; and in truth, In most cases, there are 
•grubs found in the head. One flock owner of my ac¬ 
quaintance. a noted breeder, lost a valuuble ram. He 
was [doctored for tbe grub, by boring into the horns 
aud Injecting turpentine, alcohol, Ac., and well cared 
for in every respect, but all did not. save his fife. As 
there wore grub* found In his bead, this wu* said to 
be the cause of hi* death. Another neighbor also 
lost a ram by (to nl! outward appearance) the same 
disease, but on examination It proved that there were 
no grubs In his bcud at the time of his death. Both 
.of these rams were full grown. Two other Hock 
-owners that I am well acquainted with, bought rams 
last foil and used them a* stock getteis. They were 
well cared for in the fall and winter. Early in spring 
they were attacked with the surac disease as those 
that died, and every one said It was grub In the head. 
But they were not doctored for It, and are now well 
and healthy. Both are out of the tsuuio (lock and are 
.two years old. 
•“ One flock of sixty tegs that I have seen almost 
every week since last, (nil, has been treated In the fol¬ 
lowing manner: After weaning last September they 
were kept on find-rate Teed, mostly clover, on rather 
flat bind, but not wet, not so good for fall wheat as 
for spring crop*. All through the full they were fed 
grain every day iu the lot. They were bronglit Into 
the yard early and were in line condition all through 
the winter. They were fed fine timothy hay every 
day, will! occasionally ft feed of good, bright wheat 
or oat straw. In addition to bay and straw they were 
i'od twelve quarts of grain, by measure, per day, each 
feed consisting of four quart* of ludian meal, four 
quarts of oats and four quart* of shorts. Up to the 
first week in April they appeared to be perfectly 
healthy and free from disease of any kind. Alter 
.that time some of them began to fall oft in condition; 
they run some at the eye* aud nose; the skin became 
colorless mid at this date nine or ten of them lave 
died, and four or five more do not seem likely to re¬ 
cover. For three year* past about the same per cord¬ 
age of this flock have died of apparently the same 
disease, only with thi» difference-they were not 
grained in the full, and the disease commenced In the 
month of February. Almost every flock of tegs In 
this locality seems to he suffering from the same dis¬ 
ease. Iu most of the cases that I have examined 
there have been grub* in the head, but not In all. 
Two tegs of iny own occasionally discharge grubs 
from tbe nose, yet they are in good health and condi¬ 
tion. I examined the head of a full grown ewe that 
died having a lamb, a few days since, and found more 
grubs of large size there thau in any teg’s head that 
I have seen tills spring.” , 
Our correspondent theu puts some questions 
in regard to the grub, Its inode of subsistence, 
habits, &c. He also impliedly suggests that the 
pallor and want of blood shown in some eases 
may be duo to its consumption by these parasites. 
We have again and again admitted in these 
columns, and we stated our opinion in tbe Prac¬ 
tical Shepherd, (where J. M. F. will find his 
questions answered as to the habits of the worm,) 
that the grub, or larva oi' the gad-fly, may iu 
some cases produce dvuth, without the presence 
of any other disease besides that resulting from 
their action. But nothing can be more unfound* 
ed than the popular belief that nearly all the 
■diseases which attack our flocks in the winter or 
spring are caused by “ the grub.” It is a noto¬ 
rious fact that grubs in all stages of develop¬ 
ment are found, and often found in goodly num¬ 
bers, in the heads of perfectly healthy sheep 
■when killed accidentally, or slaughtered for 
mutton. A ram dies with a particular set of 
symptoms. Grubs are found in his head. “Ar- 
gal, ” the worms killed him! Another dies with 
the same symptoms and no worms are found in 
his head. Grubs certainly did not kill him. 
This is a case put by our correspondent, and we 
can corroborate it with many which have fallen 
under our own observation. 
We have placed the term “ pale disease” at the 
head of this article. We are informed by one of 
the best practical .shepherds in the United States 
(Carl Hei ne) that a disease popularly so called 
prevails extensively in his native country, Ger¬ 
many, and is veiy destructive In its effects—h, 
/act, when fairly established, scarcely admitting 
of cure. He declares It identical in all particu- 
- _ __ _ _ 
IMPORTED COT8WOLD RA.M “SIMON.’ 
The imported Cotswold Ram, “Simon,” represented above, is four years old, and wa* bred 
- oZ Mitchei j Yorkshire, England. He was imported by George Miller of Mark- 
ZZ Canada West, and is now owned by Jeremiah Dodge of New Lyme, Ashtabula Co., Ohio. 
