TERMS, $3.00 PER YEAR.] 
“PROGRESS AXD IMPROVEMENT.’ 
[SINGLE NO. TEN CENTS 
VOL XVII. NO. 23.1 
ROCHESTER. N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JULY 14, 1866. 
[WHOLE NO. 860. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1S50. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN OKIGrXAL WEEKLT 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corps of Able Assistants and Contributors. 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL, D., 
Editor of the Department of Sheep Husbandry, 
HON. T. C. PETERS, 
Late Pres’t N. Y. State Ag. Beo’y. Southern Cor. Editor. 
KF” Fob Teems and other particulars sec last page. 
AiMTOTfML 
BARLEY-HARVESTING AND SELLING. 
The barley crop is yearly becoming more 
important, and therefore more remunerative to 
the skillful grower. Wc say skillful grower, be¬ 
cause there is no grain which depends more on 
its condition to bring the best price of the mar¬ 
ket. It is chiefly used but for one purpose—to 
make into malt — and the malster requires a 
plump, well ripened, unstained and clean sam¬ 
ple. A district which produces such barley is 
sure of securing a ready sale and a good price for 
it, in preference to one furnishing an article, 
mixed with other grains, or shrunken and badly 
discolored. Most farmers have probably ob¬ 
served that the barley market differs from that 
of most other grains; the operators in it man¬ 
age very like the wool buyers. This grain, like 
wool, is finally concentrated In the bands of and 
used by a small class of dealers; It Is not scat¬ 
tered and diffused like wheat and com, hence 
they are able to make combinations, and cry 
down the prices, even when the supply Is really 
short. Nor arc they at all merciful to the specu¬ 
lators, as these often fiud to their cost, for when 
the crop begins to move off briskly, under the 
stimulus of smart advances In prices, the mal6- 
ters, securing a present supply, quietly drop the 
quotations and create a panic and fall. 
But is is clearly for the Interest of the farmer, 
and especially of all the farmers that carry their 
barley to one market, to produce as good a qual¬ 
ity of graiu as possible. To attain this end, one 
kind of Eeed should be mainly sown. Care 
should be taken to have It free from oats. The 
crop should be well ripened before being cut, 
and then It should be sheltered from the wet. 
Clean seed is best obtained by casting the barley 
from one end of a long bam floor to the other, 
and saving that which falls furthest. That will 
be the heaviest; oats being lighter fall midway. 
Barley is a very easy grain to harvest. There 
is no need of binding it or otherwise handling 
it with the hands. It Bhould be cut with the 
reaper and raked off in 6waths, or winrows. If 
fully ripe and there Is no grass iu It, put in cocks 
immediately; if grassy or green, let it sun for a 
few hours. Barley forks, made on purpose to 
handle this crop, having long tines and a guard 
where they join the stale, arc the best imple¬ 
ments for this work. It does not require to lay 
long in the cock. Frequently it may be drawn 
from the winrow when fully ripe and clean, and 
the weather is lair. After drawing, rake the 
field with a wire-tooth horse rake. There will 
not be much left. The two-rowed variety is 
preferable to others on one account, it ripens 
later—generally after the wheat—and it is also 
heavier in the grain. 
We consider barley one of the best crops in 
rotation to intervene between com and wheat. 
It produces money quickly, and it is said one 
may loan money for ninety days from the time 
of seeding, and the barley will meet the note. 
At any rate it is growing to be a more important 
product each year, and our farmers should strive 
to harvest it in good order, and secure, as a re¬ 
ward, the highest prices. 
A CHAPTER ON HOPS. 
In the Rural list of Agricultural books is a 
little pamphlet on the practical details of Hop 
Culture, being a collection of Essays, with illus¬ 
trations, written by experienced hop growers. 
From this publication, which ought to be in the 
hands of all hop culturiats, we make up, chiefly, 
this article In answer to several inquiries. 
The hop plant grows wild on all the conti¬ 
nents, and though cultivation has produced 
several varieties, there is but one species, Hu- 
mulus Lupulus. The plant has a perennial root 
and a twining stem that dies down to the ground 
every year, but remains alive below the surface, 
where there are numerous strong buds to supply 
vines another year. The vine, in growing, 
always twines from right to left, or with the 
movement of the sun. 
BRANCH OF BTAMINATE HOP-VINE. 
The stamluate, or male flowers, are produced 
on separate vines, (with a single flower on the 
lower left hand of natural size, of which the en¬ 
graving ffiows a branch,) and experienced grow¬ 
ers consider it necessary to have one male|plant 
In the center of cadi one hundred bills. The 
pistillate or female flowers, arc borne at the base 
of scales which are arranged in close clusters on 
a short stem; these clusters, when ripe, form the 
product known as hops. 
BRANCH OF A PISTILLATE HOP VINE. 
The fruit, botanically speaking, is the ripened 
pistil, which is a small nut inclosing a single seed 
upon the* inner side of the scales, and around 
the fruit are found numerous yellow grains 
which are peculiar glands; and, though they arc- 
only prod aeed in the female plant, they are often 
incorrectly called pollen. These grains are the 
Lupulin , or flour of the hop. When highly mag¬ 
nified they appear as shown in the engraving. 
CRAINS OF LUPULIN, HIGHLY MAGNIFIED-'^] 
When fresh, the Lupulin is very resinous, adhe¬ 
sive, aud aromatic; and it is upon this that the 
peculiar odor, taste, and ether properties of the 
hop, in a great measure, depend. This being the 
case care should be taken in preparing the hop 
for market, that this substance is not lost nor 
injured. 
CULTIVATING THE HOP TARD. 
Early and thorough cultivation iB eBsential. 
Because it may be done at any time, even when 
the vines are half way up the poles, It is fre¬ 
quently not done until grass, weeds and thistles 
are knee high. This is wrong. The soil should 
be worked early so as to give the strength of it 
to the hop. Let not the weeds rob the legiti¬ 
mate crop. Then the hop vine often wants for 
moisture; when this is the case thorough cul¬ 
tivation is doubly essential. Do not plow deep 
uear the hills; the cultivator is a better imple¬ 
ment than the plow, and its use keeps the land 
flat. Hop yards should now be clean. It Is not 
customary to work in them while the hops are 
in blossom, as it is supposed to injure the crop. 
If the work has been seasonably done, there is 
but little that demands attention in July. But 
alter the hops arc set cultivate again, so as to 
give them the best possiblo chance to mature. 
If any hills are blown down by high winds they 
should be righted, but except this work aud cul¬ 
tivating the soil, little can be done till the season 
for picking arrives. 
THE HOP LOUSE. 
Harris, in his work on Insects Injurious to 
Vegetation, thus describes the Hop Louse; 
“ The winged plant lice provide for a succession 
of their race by stocking the plant with eggB in 
the autumn; these are hatched In due time In 
the spring, and the young lice immediately begin 
to pump up sap fyom the tender leave** and 
shoots, Increase inside, and in a short time come 
to maturity; in this state it 1 b found that 
the brood, without a single exception, are 
females, which are. wingless, but are In a 
condition to continue their kind immediately. 
Their young, however, are not hatched from 
eggs, hut are produced alive, and each fe¬ 
male may be the mother of fifteen or twenty 
young lice in a single day. The plant lice of this 
second, generation are Also wingless females, 
which grow up to Lave their young iu due sea¬ 
son, and thus bro< d alter brood is produced, 
even to the seventh generation or more, without 
the appearance or intervention of a single male 
throughout the whole season. This extraordi¬ 
nary kind of propagation ends in the autumn 
with the birth of a brood of mates and females 
which, in due time, acquire wings and pair. 
Eggs are then laid uy the females, and with the 
death' of these winged individuals, which soon 
follows, the species becomes extinct for the 
season.” 
The eggs of the louse are laid on the bark 
of poles, old vines, or any rubbish left in the 
hop yard. Hence the poles should be coated 
with gas tar, which Is a preventive, and all the 
old vines and rubbish burned, and the yard 
plowed or cultivated late in the season. This 
treatment would destroy most of the eggs, and 
lessen the next year’s crop of lice. The ene¬ 
mies of the louse arc the larva which prodaees 
the Lady Bug (cocciuella.) Itis a small, flattened 
grub, of bluish color, usually spotted with red or 
yellow, and has six legs near the fore part of the 
body. They are hatched from yellow eggs laid 
in clusters among the lice. Another is the grub 
of a golden-eyed, lace-winged fly, a long, Blender 
grub with sharp teeth. Other flies lay their 
eggs among the lice, and the maggots destroy 
large numbers. 
[ The hop grower should learn to know his 
l friends among the insects, and by fostering 
l those and warring vigorously on his enemies, 
s the lice may be kept irorn ruining the crop, 
.. and In time almost driven from the yard. 
1 THE CUT WORM. 
These infest the hop yard, and the dying or 
' wilting of the vines makes known their presence. 
* Searching them out and destroying them by 
hand is the only effectual remedy. They have 
also their natural enemies, which the hop grower 
should know and foster. Crows and other birds 
destroy large numbers of beetles, grubs and 
other iDsects. Snakes arc also hug and grub 
eaters. Skunks arc industrious searchers after 
grubs, always working in the night. 
The length of this article precludes describing 
the processes of picking, drying, baling, Ac. 
These subjects will be seasonable at a future 
time. 
I Staggers among the Pios. —A farmer writes 
- the Massachusetts Ploughman that he cured a 
e pig, sulleriDg from the disease called the stag- 
e gtrs, by administering a dose of castor oil. He 
B gays that ail pigs, thus affected, want to effect 
3 a cure is a liberal administration of physic. 
EDITED BY HENRY S. RANDALL, LL. D. 
THE WOOL TABIIT. 
We have not received, from Washington, a 
complete copy of the tariff bill reported to 
Congress by the Committee of Ways aud Means. 
But a letter to us, from a member of that Com¬ 
mittee, says of the proposed tarifl' on wool: 
“In the Committee of the Whole not a comma 
was added or subtracted from the Report signed 
by yourself.” This being the case, wo are ena¬ 
bled to lay before our readers the exact wool 
tariff now before Congress. It Is as follows: 
Sec. —. And be it further enacted. That from and 
after the passage of this act, In lieu of the duties 
now imposed by law on the articles hereinafter men 
tinned, there shall bo levied and collected, on all 
unmanufactured wool, hair of the alpaca, goat, and 
other like animal*, imported from foreign countries, 
the dntica herein provided. All wools, hair, Ac., as 
above, shall be divided, for tile purposo of fixing the 
duties to bo charged thorcon. Into three classes, 
to wit: 
Class 1 — Clothing wools : That Is to say, Merino, 
Mcetiza, Mcts or Metis wools or other wooIb of Me¬ 
rino blood, immediate or remote; Down clothing 
wools; and wools of liko character with any of the 
preceding, Including such as have been heretofore 
usually Imported Into the United Btates from Buenos 
Ayres, New Zealand, Australia, Capo of Good Hope, 
Russia, Great Britain, Canada, and elsewhere, and 
also Including all wools not hereinafter described or 
designated In Classes two and three. 
Class 2— Combing wool a .* That Is to say, Leicester, 
CotewOtd, Lincolnshire, Down combing wools, Can¬ 
ada long wool*, or other like combing wools of Eng¬ 
lish blood, and usually known by the terms herein 
used; and also nil hair of the alpaca, goat and other 
like anlmalB. 
Class 3 — Carpet wools and otter similar wools : 
Such as Donskoi, native South American, Cordovu, 
Valparaiso, native Smyrna, and including also such 
wools of like character as have beeh’heretol'ore usually 
imported into the United States from Turkey, Greece, 
Egypt, Syria, and elsewhere. 
For the purpose of carrying into effect tho classifi¬ 
cation herein provided, a sufficient number of dis¬ 
tinctive samples or the various kinds of wool; hair, 
Ac., embraced in each of the three classes above 
named, selected and prepared under the direction of 
the Secretary of the Treasury, and duly verified by 
him, (the standard samples being retained In the 
Treasury Department,) shall be deposited In the cus¬ 
tom houses an<l elsewhere, as lie may direct, which 
samples ><11011 he used by tho proper officers of the 
customs to determine the classes above specified, to 
which all Imported wools belong. The duty npon 
wools of the first class the vplue whereof at the last 
port or place whence exported to the United States, 
excluding charges in such port, shall he 82 cents or 
less per pound, shall be 10 cents per pound, and. In 
addition thereto, 10 per cent, ad valorem ; the duty 
upon wools of the same class the value Whereof at- 
the last port or placo whence exported to the United 
States, excluding charges in such port, shall exceed 
cents per pound, ehall be IS cents per pound, and, 
iii addition thereto, 10 per cent, ad valorem. The 
duty upon wools of the second class, and upon all 
hair of the alpaca goat, and other like animals, the 
vaLue whereof at the last port or place whence ex¬ 
ported to the United States, excluding charges in such 
port, shall be 32 cents or less per pound, eliall be 10 
cents per pound, and, in addition thereto, 10 per ceut. 
ad valorem ; the duty npon wools of the same class 
the value whereof at the last port or place whence 
exported to the United States, excluding charges in 
such port, shall exceed 32 cents per pound, shall be 
12 cents per pound, and, in addition thereto, 10 per 
cent, ad valorem. The duty upon wools of the third 
class the value whereof at the last port or place 
whence exported into the United States, excluding 
churges in such port, shall be 12 cents or lese per 
pouud, shall be 8 cent* per pound; tho duty upon 
wools of the name class the value whereof at the last 
port or place whence exported to the United States, 
excluding charges In such port, shall exceed 12 cent* 
per pound, shall be 0 cents per pound: Provided, 
that any wool of the sheep, or hair ol the alpaca, 
goat, and other like animals, which shall ho imported 
in any other than the ordinary condition as now aud 
heretofore practiced, or which shall be changed in its 
character or condition, for the purpose of evading 
the duty, or which shall be reduced in value by the 
admixture of dirt or any other foreign substance, 
shall be subject to pay twice the amount of duty to 
which it would otherwise be subjected, anything in 
this act to the contrary notwithstanding: Provided 
f urther , that when wool of different qualities is im¬ 
ported in the same bale, bag, or package, it shall be 
appraised by the appraiser, to determine the ruteof 
duty to which it sbuil be subjected, at the average 
aggregate value of the content* of the bale, bag, or 
package; and when bales of different qualities are 
embraced iu the same invoice at tho same price, 
whereby the average price shall be reduced more than 
10 per cent, below the value of the bale of the best 
quality, tho value of the whole shall bo appraised ac¬ 
cording to the value Of the bale of the best quality; 
and no bale, bag, or paelcago ehall bo liable to a less 
rate of duty in consequents of being Invoiced with 
wool or lower value; And provided further, that tho 
duty upon wool of tho first class which ahull bo Im¬ 
ported washed shall bo twice the amount i>r duty to 
which it would be subjected if Imported unwashed; 
and that the duty upon wool of oil classes which shall 
bo imported scoured shall bo throe times the amount 
of the duty to which it would be subjected irimport¬ 
ed unwashed. Tho duty on sheepskins, raw or an- 
raunnfactored, imported with tho wool on, washed or 
unwashed, shall be — per cent, ad valorem ; and on 
woolen ragB, shoddy, mungo, waste, nnd flocks, 
shall be 12 cents per pound. 
Tbe statistics collected last fall and winter by 
tho National Wool Growers’ Association, in tho 
form of letters in answer to inquiries addressed 
to eminent wool growers by the President of the 
Association, were all placed before the U. 8. 
Revenue Commission, and also ft tubular state¬ 
ment of their contents. It is due to the writers 
to say that these letters, singularly unanimous 
In their statements on all important points, 
were characterized by great intelligence; and 
they produced a marked effect on the minds 
of the United States Revenue Commission. 
The member of that Commission having the 
branch of the Tariff Laws In regard to 
Wool and Woolens principally in charge, 
Hon. Stephen Colwell of Philadelphia, ex¬ 
hibited a most candid and liberal spirit through¬ 
out, and he adopted and reported exact and 
entire to Congresss the draft of the bill, and the 
accompanying Report, prepared by the Commit¬ 
tee of the National Wool Growers’ Association. 
That Report contains little that is new to 
well-informed wool growers, but it la due to the 
members of the National Association (compris¬ 
ing all members of affiliated State Associations,) 
that the statements made by their Committee to 
the U. 8. Revenue Commission and to Congress, 
should be spread bffore them. The following is 
a copy of the 
RHIFOIST. 
Hon. Stephen Colwell, 
Of the United States Revenue Commission ; 
In estimating the importance of sheep hus¬ 
bandry to our country, and the expediency of 
fostering it by all necessary and proper legisla¬ 
tion, the following facta are to he kept In view: 
1. Wool an absolute necessary of life. In 
the climate of the United States It has, for the 
purposes of clothing, no attainable subs! Itute. 
3. Sheep furnish an animal food, the more 
extended use of which would promote the 
health of our people and diminish the expense 
of subsistence. 
3. Sheep arc generally conceded to he more 
profitable than other domestic animals in con¬ 
verting coarse vegetable products into thu 
manure necessary to sustain the fertility of soils 
which are devoted to the cultivation of products 
consumed by man. Owing, in a good measure, 
to sheep husbandry, the svheat soils of Eoghtud, 
after ages of tillage, produce more of the cereals 
than they did agee ago. Their average product 
of wheat Is twenty-six bushels to the acre, dou¬ 
ble that of the wheat soils of the United States. 
England has one sheep to one and three-quar¬ 
ters of an acre, while Ohio and Vermont has 
one to four and a half acres, New York one to 
Bix and a half acres, Iowa one to twenty-four 
acres, and the whole United States together one 
to liny-seven acres. For tbe want of this, or 
some equivalent means of preserving fertility, the 
soils of ?orne of our own olderStates, once highly 
productive, have degenerated almost below thu 
point of remunerative cultivation; and tho 
newer Btates are more or less rapidly deteriora¬ 
ting wherever arable husbandry is practiced. 
Sheep also are* far more efficient than any 
other domestic animal in improving lands 
which are too poor to be devoted profitably to 
other purposes, than pasturage, and, a* they 
improve them, they actually lead to the sponta¬ 
neous production of better grasses, thus saving 
the coet and injurious eff ects. of pluwing them to 
seed down. On hill-sides subject to tbe washing 
of rains when plowed, this is a consideration of 
partic ular importance. Sheep, too, arc far the 
best cleaners up of new lands infested with the 
sprouts of the removed forest trees, briers, 
weeds, Ac., thus rendering themsffives powerful 
auxdiaries of the pioneer^ aud of "ll who have 
occasion to clear forest lauds In regions where 
such vegetation follows clearing. 
ADAPTATION OV TUB UNITED STATES TO WOOL 
PRODUCTION. 
The United States are capable of producing as 
good wool of every description as any country 
the suu shines on. This lias neTcr been denied 
by persons who can pretend to any practical 
information on the subject, except In the case of 
flue broadcloth wools. In respect to these It 
has been claimed that American wools lack tbe 
softness and felting properties of certain foreign 
wool*, even when the diameter of the fibre Is 
the same, and that therefore they cannot be 
wrought into a» perfect and finished fabrics. 
Horatio N. Slater of Webster, Mass., the 
most experienced and extensive broadcloth 
manufacturer in the United States—who annu¬ 
ally manufactures nearly 3.000,000 lbs. of wool— 
recently declared to the chairman of this Com¬ 
mittee, that wools of the higher grades of 
fineness, even up to the fineness of Goman 
