m 
TERMS, $3.00 PER YEAR.] 
“PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
[SINGLE NO. TEN CENTS 
VOL. XVII. NO. 30, S 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JULY 28, 1866. 
[WHOLE NO, 862. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1S30. 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corps of Able Assistants and Contributors, 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL, D., 
Editor of tbo Department of Sheep Husbandry, 
HON. T. C. PETERS, 
Lato Pres't N. Y. State Ac. Seo'y, Southern Cor. Editor. 
SW Fob Terms and other particular* see last page. 
THE NEW POTATO BUG. 
A friend whose letter is dated at JJarrington, 
(the Stute we cannot make out owing to the 
illegibility of the post-mark) writes, under date 
of July 7th, about themueh dreaded potato bug 
which is making its way from the West in this 
direction. He inclosed specimens of the bug, 
well secured in thick brown paper, which ar¬ 
rived safely—“ alive and kicking.” It is of the 
beetle tribe, ol a reddish brown color, and in 
elze about double that of the common rose bug. 
In reference to this pest ho quotes from a letter 
addressed to him by a lady friend, in Delawaro 
county, Iowa, as follows: — “I write you what 
times we had yesterday gathering potato bugs, 
as last night we came to the conclusion that wo 
gathered and burnt three quarts of them. We 
took a small pan in one baud and knocked them 
off the potato tops with the other into the pan. 
They are about the size oi a white bean and are 
reported to bo very poisonous and will kill the 
potatoes if not attended to. It was a back- 
aching work, I assure you.” 
Our correspondent adds — “I send you these 
specimens to let you determine if you over saw 
any thing like them. Ptook them from a neigh¬ 
boring potato patch and they are the only ones 
that ever came under my notice, but I think, 
from all descriptions given, that they are the 
veritable Western Potato Bug which is marching 
eastward, and I send you these as pioneers of 
coming ruin. If they should be alive do not 
let them escape, as you might have ruin before 
your time, which, according to the theory that 
they travel 50 miles a year, you may expect 
them about the year 1880.” 
As stated above the bugs were alive when the 
letter reached 113 and are so now. A potato 
leaf has been inclosed in the paper for tempo¬ 
rary aliment, but the bugs arc uneasy and refuse 
to operate upon it. The next thing will be to 
“crash them out,” as recommended. 
FARM LABOR AND LABORERS, 
Much time is sometimes lost and expense 
unnecessarily incurred by farmers iu consequence 
of a lack of communicativeness towards their 
employees. It is by no means a bud plan for a 
farmer to impart to his hired help at the close 
of each day’s business, his plans and purposes 
with respect to each laborer during the succeed¬ 
ing one. It may be said that this does not con¬ 
cern the laborer; that he is paid for bis time, 
whether advantageously employed or not, and 
that is all he need know or care about the mat¬ 
ter. Strictly speaking, this may be true, but 
the policy of such reticence is at least question¬ 
able. A farmer rarely or never loses anything 
by imparting to his help, before hand, Ids pur¬ 
poses In reference to Immediate future opera¬ 
tions. They are euabled frequently, from their 
experience iu farming Operations, to make val¬ 
uable suggestions as to the particular business 
in hand. Besides, being pre-advised of what Is 
expected of them they will think about it and 
hence be better prepared to act than they other¬ 
wise would be. This confidence detracts noth¬ 
ing from the authority of the employer, while 
it imparts spirit and energy to the employed. 
MANURES.-TOP DRESSING MEADOWS. 
Tub Cultivator and Country Gentleman gives 
the results of an experiment made on eight 
plots of meadow laud, with various kinds of 
manure, for two years—each mown twice during 
the Beason. The experiments were made on the 
Michigan Agricultural College Farm during the 
years 1804 and 5. These results were produced 
by one top dressing—that of the spring of 1864, 
and may be briefly stated thus: 
Increased. 
No. 1— No top dressing_hay, lbs. 7,8!54 
“ 2~Two bushels plaster, “ “ 1 —4,163 lbs. 
“ 8—Five do. wood ashes, “ “ 11,805—3,962 “ 
“ 4—Twentyt'dspul. mnck“ “ 12 , 080 — 1,683 “ 
“ 5— “ loads ** “and 
three bu. common suit “ “ 12,071—5,818 “ 
“ 0—Three bn. “ “ “ 11,538—1,1S5 “ 
“ 7—Twenty l'dsh’ra man. “ “ 13,886—5,088 “ 
“ 8— “ l'ds cow manure “ “ 12,281—4.879 “ 
“ 12,071-6,818 “ 
“ 11.58S—1,185 “ 
11 12,880-5,088 “ 
“ 12,231-4,879 “ 
By these figures will be readily seen the com¬ 
parative value of ttic several top dressings used, 
and the cost of each and Its*" application to 
the land can bo calculated with sutlicient ex¬ 
actness by any one conversant with fanning 
operations. 
It may not bo amiss to state that the several 
parcels of land mentioned were sown to oate the 
year previous to the commencement of tho ex¬ 
periment, and seeded to timothy and clover — 
the latter predominating. 
As these figures are deemed entirely reliable 
they will furnish a pretty Bure guide to the 
farmer for the management of his meadow lands , 
with respect to the fertilizers most profitable to 
be used upon t hem iu the way of top dressing. 
SOUTHERN EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE. | 
Carroll Manor—"Charles Carroll of Carrollton"—l\7iy 
the locality was named—Visit to the' Manor— Destrck- 
ableness of the locality — Choice place for the vine— 
JjeUcioue climate , tfee., Ac. 
Just in front of mo and Joining the farm 
on the east side is a tract of land containing 
some 18,000 acres, known as the “ Dongkkoregan 
Manor ” of Charles Carroll. It was origi¬ 
nally located by a Charles Carroll, who was 
at the battle of the Boyne, July 1st, 1690, in 
King Jame9’ army, and came to this country 
soon after. Ho was the grandfather of “ Charles 
Carroll of Carrollton,” the signer of the Dec¬ 
laration of Independence, The reason for na¬ 
ming the locality with the name is among the 
local gossips in regard to him. After signing 
his name, some friend who was present said to 
him, “How will they know which Charles 
Carroll?” He immediately took up his pen 
and wrote “ of Carrollton.” Probably of all that 
immortal band none risked so much for their 
country on that day as did “ Charles Carroll 
of Carrollton.” The most wealthy of them ull, 
being at that time reported worth over a million, 
the descendant of an Irish noble, there was small 
chance for clemency in his case if the revolution 
proved a failure. 
As I had never visited the spot which is re¬ 
garded with so much reverence throughout the 
Continent, I rode over to the place the other 
day—some three miles—through the woods and 
across fields. The path is through the woods 
for over two miles, and you then come out. upon 
open fields which have always belonged to the 
home farm, and are immediately connected with 
the mansion, and arc properly Carrollton. It 
contains some 800 acres, and was lately sold by 
Mr. Charles to his brother John for something 
over § 100,(XX). For six generations it baa been 
owned by n Charles Carroll. It has not 
passed out of tho family now, but the name of 
the owner is changed from Charles to John. 
They are the great grandsons of “Charles 
Carroll of Carrollton.” The whole Manor is 
divided up and in the hands of the heirs, but 
otherwise unsold, though much of it is rented. 
I think Mr. Charles still retains a very 
pretty little farm of some 500 acres,— .Mr. John 
must now have some thousands. I have seen 
no lands as yet in Maryland which I think at all 
compare with the Manor. Elk Uidge comprises 
the largest body of desirable lands, and the 
Manor Is in the heart of the Uidge. For salu¬ 
brity of climate, for eoII, surface, water, wood 
and stone, and location, the sun in his daily 
Journey shines upon few fairer spots, or more 
desirable, than thlB and its immediate surround¬ 
ings. I think there is no finer region, not even 
California, for the grape. The surface is gently 
undulating. The soil is deep, and just the kind 
that perfectly Buits the grape —a friable loam, 
rich in alkalies, and deep and moist, without 
requiring draining. The Catawba and Isabella 
ripen perfectly, and wine made from the Ca¬ 
tawba has a body and richness of flavor that I 
have never tasted iu any other locality. The 
purity of air will always secure the healthy con¬ 
dition of the grape in this region. And when 
we consider that it is but a few miles from Bal¬ 
timore, a great market of itself, and as a dis¬ 
tributing center not excelled by New York, it is 
easy to conjecture the result when these lands 
are brought into market in small parcels, and 
the country hence to Baltimore filled with vine¬ 
yards, and the neatly cultivated grounds and 
tasty residences that spring up round great 
towns. I verily believe that In the circle of a 
mile round me, atid iu the Manor beyond, there 
are better chances for vineyards than at any 
other point, east of the Rocky Mountains. In its 
typography, soil and climate, there cannot be a 
snperlor, not even a rival. Ttie climate of this 
part of Marylaud has not been fully appreciated. 
It is most delicious. It’s a great marvel to mo 
that tho wealthy denizens of the city do uo seek 
hero for that health and comfort during the 
“heated term,” that, they arc accustomed to 
seek in regions of tho North. 
But I see my pen has glided off upon other 
subjects until I have Bmall room for a descrip¬ 
tion of tho Mansion, or of the thoughts that 
came into my mind as I stood in tho little chapel 
that forms one of its wings, and is the oldest 
Roman Catholic chapel In Maryland, except 
one. My readers must imagine bow they would 
have felt hud they been in rny place. Perhaps, 
at another day and after another visit, I may say 
more, though a pleasanter day I do not expect 
to spend anywhere.—T. c. i\ 
\V. Friendship, MU., JtiJy, 18 ( 18 . 
- - t 
VARIOUS TOPICS DISCUSSED. 
Curing Clover Hay. 
In an apparently carefully prepared article 
on Grasses in the South, printed in the Southern 
Cultivator, (an able] Agricultural journal, by the 
way,) we find tho following about enring clover 
hay. But we hardly think our Northern farmers 
would dare to risk such a process. 
“ I have never seen a good article of clover 
bay made on any plan but one, though I am 
familiar with several. When about half the 
clover blooms become of u brown color, it is 
ready for mowing. Cut It when there is no dew 
or rain water on it; and do not let it wilt, but 
hava a hand to follow after the scythe and pile 
It up In Its perfectly green state. When there 
is enough cut to make a stack, haul up and stack 
it immediately. The stacking must be carefully 
done. I.et one person pitch up tho hay, while 
two hands stuck and tramp It. This will pack 
it well, and make It. air-tight. For every foot 
in height of the stack, us St is built, up, sprinkle 
over It one quart of salt. In a few days after 
the stuck is made, it will become hot and smoke 
like a coal kiln, and look as if it were rotting, 
but ton or twelve days afterwards It will cool 
off, and be found to be well cured, green, sweet 
hay. If the hay is allowed to wilt before stack¬ 
ing, It sutlers more in the sweating process, and 
the hay will be dark.” 
Agricultural Progress. 
Making a short trip into the country, a few 
days since, and observing the operations of the 
farmers, we were forcibly impressed with the 
changes which forty years have wrought in many 
things pertaining to farm economy. These 
changes may be shortly expressed by the 
word— pmjrm. This is seen in the light, elas¬ 
tic hay-fork, now in use, contrasted with the 
ill-shaped aud ponderous once of former days; 
la the clean running steel plow of the present, 
as compared with the old bull one of a past gen¬ 
eration ; in the multiplied implements for culti¬ 
vating the soil and seeding it; in the rapid 
execution of the mowing machine In contrast 
with the scythe; In the reaper which has, to a 
great extent, superseded tho Sickle and the 
cradle; in the horse-rake as tt sweeps rapidly 
over the meadows in quest of the scattered and 
fallen grass, and Anally In the ar which, as now 
seen, exhibits scarcely a point ol resemblance to 
its uncouth predecessor of fifty years ago. All 
these contrasts, aud many others which might, 
be instituted, clearly, indicate something, and 
that 13 “Progress."— b. 
Gypsam in StableB. 
The Germantown Telegraph says—“Gyp¬ 
sum should bo sprinkled daily over the floors 
and tie-ups, to absorb tbe ammonia of the urine. 
The strong odor observable on entering tbe 
stable on a morning, arises from the presence 
of ammonia, one of the most valuable products 
of stable manure, when properly economized. 
Gypsum or lime, either Blacked or caustic, should 
also be sprinkled over tbe bottoms of cellars in 
the spring. This will tend to purify tbe atmos¬ 
phere and prevent many deleterious effects re¬ 
sulting from the presence of miasmi. After a 
few days it should be removed, and a fresh sup¬ 
ply substituted in its place.” 
ELEVATION OF CORN HOUSE NUMBER ONE, DESCRIBED BELOW. 
PLANS OF CORN HOUSES. 
Ah there is now a good prospect of a fair, if 
not full average, coni crop the present Bcuson, 
and as wo are In receipt of inquiries about tho 
construction of Corn Houses, the accompanying 
plans are presented as being both timely and 
valuable. They were furnished for a former 
volume of tho Rural, by practical men who 
have houses built as hero described: 
GROUND PLAN. 
A, Granary; B, Store-Room. 
Plan One.— The accompanying Plan of a 
Coni House and Granary, with elevation, will 
admit of almost any required reduction or ex¬ 
tension in size. It is 24 by 18 feet, posts 14 feet, 
which extend 3 feet below the floor, and rest on 
Btonc supports 8 inches high, and sunk into tho 
ground three feet. The studs, 2 feet apart, are 
set inches inside of face of the sills and 
posts, with strips of plank 2 by 4, notches cut 
in them in the form of a right-angled triangle, 
the base 1)4 Inches deep, the hypotheuuso 5% 
incheB long, the perpendicular parallel with the 
face of the plank, one Immediately above the 
other, nailed on the sides with the back corners 
of the notches even with the face of the studs. 
Clapboards, 6 inches wide, are nailed on the 
notches, with the lower edge extending % inch 
below the notch, and the upper edge of the clap¬ 
board in the next notch below; thus leaving a 
space of one Inch between the two clapboards, 
which admits plenty of air, aud at the same time 
prevents the rain from blowing In upon the corn. 
The bins are 3 feet wide, extending both sides of 
the building—thu floor does not extend under 
the bins —the bottom of the bins are formed of 
strips 1 inch thick and 3 inches wide, set edge¬ 
wise, 1 inch apart. Tho doors should be hung 
with strap hinges —so that they can be taken off 
iu the fall, and doors made of slats hung in their 
places, so as to admit of a free circulation of air 
through the building. The floor overhead is 1)4 
feet below the topot the plates, and the entrance 
to the upper story through the floor directly 
over tho window, by means of a movable ladder. 
The granary is in the center of the bulldl ng, 
and is G feet wide by 8 feet long, with two 
partitions dividing it into three bins. It rises 
2 feet above the upper floor, and extends 
down to within 0 feet of the lower floor. 
1’he grain is drawn up with a tackle hitched 
directly over the entrance to the upper story, 
emptied into the granary and is taken out 
Vermin on Fowls. 
Tiie Massachusetts Ploughman says a good 
method to rid fowls of vermin, la to take a 
feather and dip it iu kerosene, and touch it 
lightly under the wings. It will goon spread 
over the body and destroy vermin. This is oiten 
recommended as an effective remedy. We have 
not tried it, but should not hesitate to do so i f 
we had occasion. A better way, perhaps, would 
by means of a slide at the bottom, where yon 
waut a movable flight of steps, 4 feet high, with 
the board on the top one foot wide. The en¬ 
trance steps should be made and hung bo that 
the door cannot bo shut when they are down, 
but must be turned up into the building in order 
to close it, thus avoiding tbo possibility of leav¬ 
ing It down for mice to run up. Thcro should 
be a tin lender 6 Inches in width, nailed 
around each post, close to tho sill, projecting 
downwards. 
Plan Two. — Wo will commence by laying a 
good stone wall iu lime morter, (which will not 
lie a good harbor for rats and mice,) and oil this 
wall place sills of hurd wood, with a rabbet 1)4 
inch deep, in order to admit plunk 1)4 inch thick. 
(The plank should bu hard wood.) Over this 
may be used clapboards, or (what iB more 
fashionable now days) boards tip and down, 
battening the cracks. The floor may be laid with 
good, sound hemlock bourds, 1 inch thick, 
jointed and laid double. It should bo ceiled 
with well seasoned hemlock boards, matched 
and well put together. The height between 
lower and upper floors feet—the same above 
tbe second floor to tho plates. The granary, A, 
may be cut up into bins, to suit tho taste of the 
owner. The store room, 15, will be found very 
convenient for barrels and boxes, for keeping 
fall fruit, <&c. A small box stove would be of 
some service In the drying process, especially 
la damp weather. 
C. 
A/e X 20 
H 
5 X 20 
C 
5 Is X 15 
SECOND STORY. 
C, O, Corn Cribs; H, Hall. 
The plan of the second floor gives you a crib, 
U, the whole length of the building upon one 
side, and ou the other, Is a crib, C, part way, 
leaving sufficient room to go up und down stairs. 
At one end of the alley we have a door of Bufli • 
cicnt size to admit of large boxes of corn, which 
may be drawn up by means of a pulley in tho 
ridge above. At the opposite end a largo win¬ 
dow for light, and also for draught of air. At 
the figure 3, in the alley, should be a screen llxed 
in the floor coarse enough to let shelled com 
through; over Hub may be placed the corn shel- 
ler. The corn, after being shelled, passes through 
the screen into a conductor, (made tunnel-shape,) 
which empties It In a large bln below, leaving 
tho cobs above. The front of the cribs should 
bo made of slats in order to let In air. The com 
maybe taken from small doors, near thebottom 
of the cribs. , 
bo to keep a box of dry ashes for them to keep 
off the vermin. But if you mix into the ashes a 
few ounces of powdered sulphur, it will make a 
sure thing of it. ThiB won’t cost rnneh anyhow, 
and you can't do better than to tlx up such a 
box under a shed or In the lien-houso where tho 
fowls can have free access to it. You will white¬ 
wash the henery of course. That ought to be 
done often, and a lot of ashes put in frequently. 
iizr' 
m&vKrZm 
- 3 ^ 
■H 
