denly left open, like commons, but it is not 
improbable that a lack of fencing material may 
gradually lead to a change which will render 
fences of less consequence than they uow are. 
When farmers shall have generally become sat¬ 
isfied, as they will* in time, that more money can 
be made by soiling their stock than by pastur¬ 
ing it, such a change will be gradually wrought 
as will dispense with much of the cost now at¬ 
tendant on fencing farms. 
The Season— A Heated Term—The Crops.—T he 
Season continues favorable for harvesting and the 
growing crops. The temperature of the middle 
of the month — from the 18th to the 16th i n . 
clnsive —was extremely warm here, and in varions 
parts of the country. Though of great benefit to 
farmers in rapidly drying the hay crop, the “heated 
term" has been most enervating, and many deaths 
have occurred from sun stroke. The deaths have been 
moat numerous in the largo cities, but many have 
occurred In the country, especially among persons 
engaged In the haying and harvesting. As an in¬ 
stance, it Is reported that five farm laborers died of 
sun stroke, or the effects of heat. In one town in Sen- 
era county, and we hear of many others In different 
sections. The 13th, 15th and 16th wero the three hot- 
teat. days known in this region. In one eeason, for 
many years—If not the w armest ever recorded here— 
the mean of the 1.3th being ?3\ the 15th, 84.67, and 
th<v Jfith 86\ The range of the barometer for the 
past three or four weeks has been considerably above 
the average, and of course the weather has been dry. 
Only one-fifth of an Inch of water fell In thig city 
during the first- eighteen days of the month. On and 
aince Wednesday, the J8Ut, we have been favored 
with copious rains, reviving the pastures and fall 
crops, and enabling humans to “ breathe freer.” 
Owing to the favorable weather prevalent in this 
region for the last two or three weeks the hay bar 
vest ha* been more than commonly successful. The 
bulk of the hay crop has already been gathered and 
in excellent condition. The yield per acre has gene¬ 
rally been less than what was anticipated, though 
some meadows have turned out finely. On the whole 
the result is finite satisfactory. The wheat harvest 
Sa progressing favorably, and so far as we can learn 
the yield will be fully tip to expectation—considerably 
better than was anticipated early In the season. Bar¬ 
ley looks very well generally and la about ready to 
harvest. Oats are quite promising, a* nlnu are com 
and potntoea. The latter would be Improved by a 
good fall of rain, though as yet the crop has not suf¬ 
fered materially In consequence of the dry w eather. 
The later fruits—peaches and apples—the latter 
especially, may bo set down as a failure. We never 
remember to have seen the apple orchards, in this 
vicinity, so bare of fruit as they now are, and what 
little there 1* seems doomed to premature decay. 
Home trees we notice arc casting their fruit in shon- 
ors, owing to the perforation of the apple by a worm 
which makes its way directly through the core or It. 
The pear, In many instances, seems similarly affect¬ 
ed; —lienee It Is safe to say that the yield of orchard 
fruits, in this tcrIod, will be less than has been 
known for years past. 
Potato Rot — Cure. 
The Independent has great faith in a cure 
for the potato rot, discovered by the Hon. Ly¬ 
man Reed. That paper says:—“ It is always a 
great point gained to be able to determine with 
satisfactory certainty the cause of a thing; and 
it is pre-eminently more satisfactory, after learn¬ 
ing the cause, to be able to apply an effectual 
remedy for the evil. Mr. Reed claims to have 
discovered an infallible remedy for the potato 
disease. When the potatoes are planted, about 
one gill of a fertilizing compound is poured on 
each tuber, which destroys the Insects, but does 
not injure the growing plants. The compound 
is composed of pulverized charcoal and chemi¬ 
cal substances which are particularly destruc¬ 
tive to Insects, but will not injure the growing 
potatoes. Time alone will decide as to the effi¬ 
cacy of such compound, although experiments 
with it the past year have been eminently satis¬ 
factory. ” _ ' 
Poultry Manure. 
As has often been said, more care should be 
taken In economizing the manure of the poul¬ 
try-yard and hen-roost. Geyerlin says on this 
point;—In France, most eminent chemists have 
proved by annalysis that poult ry manure is a 
most valuable fertilizer, and yet, for want of a 
proper system In bousing poultry, It has as yet 
not been rendered available to rural economy. 
The celebrated Vanquelin says that when the 
value of manures is considered in relation to the 
amount of azote they contain, the poultry ma¬ 
nure is one of the most active; and when, as a 
means of comparison, the following manures are 
taken, In parts of 1(XK), it will be found that: 
lloree manure contains 4.0parts of azote; gu¬ 
ano, os imported, 40.7 parts; guano, when 
sifted of vegetables and stones, 03.0 parts; poul¬ 
try rnauure, 8-1 parts. 
tive of manifold evils. Should not the state oi 
our monetary affairs prevent, it will allow im¬ 
portations of foreign wool to be made In anti¬ 
cipation of the increase of duties, which will to 
a certain degree forestall the market for another 
year. The present price of gold, however, is 
not favorable to this forestalling process. 
Rut while the postponement ol the proposed 
Tariff on wool is a source of disappointment, 
it ought not to be erne of discouragement, to 
American farmers. It is fair to assume that if 
any doubts of the propriety of the provisions 
of the bill led to this delay in acting on it, the 
doubtful or obnoxious provisions were not those 
pertaining to wool. We assume tiffs because 
we are thus advised by leading members of Con¬ 
gress. We assume it because the proposed 
wool duties were not made the subject of par¬ 
ticular attack or opposition. Mr. Morrill, 
Chairman of the Committee of Ways and M eans, 
in his speech, J uly 10th, said; 
“On the subject of wool and woolens a tariff with 
increased rates seems to have been expected by the 
whole country. The question lmd been largely agi¬ 
tated, and after long consideration had been placed 
before Congress In due roim as agreed upon by tne 
parties Interested. It Is true the duties are nigh, 
but so fair were they deemed that this part of the 
bill has encountered liilte or no opposition In the 
House. Can it be that the enemies to higher duties 
on wool have laid in arnburb with the purpose of 
deleatiOK In the end the whole bill > 1 cannot be¬ 
lieve It. TbIt sort of tactics in the end vanned pro 
vail. The interest Is too large and much too worthy 
to be sacrificed In this way. Gentlemen may find 
that it is not eo safe now as it may have been In the 
days of John Randolph to 1 go a mile out of the way 
do kick a sheep.’ The wooWroweri are a power 
'throughout, the land, and legislators will find they 
cannot he treated with contempt.” 
The wool duties passed the House, as we 
understand It, “ without a comma changed,” 
Xrom the original draft. This was not the case 
with the protective provisions applicable to 
various other interests. They were changed 
and lowered, and to the resentment thus occa¬ 
sioned, many attribute the postponement of 
the bill. We are loth to attribute this dog-in- 
the-manger policy to the representatives of those 
interests. We have seen no analysis of the vote 
in reference to this point and have had no time 
to attempt to make one. Such a charge ought 
not to be preferred without proof. 
Underull the circumstances it certainly would 
appear reasonable to conclude that when an in¬ 
creased Tariff bill does pass — aud that such a 
one will pass at the next session all seem to con¬ 
cede—the scale of wool duties asked for by the 
growers, will be adopted. 
The wool growers have, we think, great cause 
to-wk.'grattilate themselves that instead of mak¬ 
ing deK. unds for exorbitant protection — more 
•than was really necessary — in order to obtain 
cnoicgh after an expected cutting down by Con¬ 
gress, they candidly asked, in the first instance,for 
not a particle more than they believed actually 
requisite to give them a reasonable incidental 
protection on their industry. They thus won 
the confidence aud respect of Congress—demon¬ 
strated by the passage in the House, “ with lit¬ 
tle or no opposition,” of exactly such a bill as 
their petitions asked for. They thus escaped 
the opposition of the powerful wool mauufuc- 
luriug Interest—hitherto arrayed in strong and 
generally in successful hostility to their claims. 
They thus propitiated reasonable men, even 
among Tim consumers, for they satisfied them 
the*, they made no greedy demands on their pur¬ 
ses in order to obtain more than a fair remuner¬ 
ation for their own labor and products. And 
finally they thus pul themselves In a position to 
have their just claims recognized among flic 
first, when the industrial Interests of the coun¬ 
try shall receive proper protection. 
The wool-growers are a power throughout 
the land and, legislators will find they cannot be 
treated with contempt."—says Mr. Morrill. 
We believe that the wool-growers were never 
before last winter officially represented by a 
committee chosen by any extensive organiza¬ 
tion of their own number, in Washington, dur¬ 
ing the session of Congress. Their representa¬ 
tives, if any they hud outside of Congress, were 
never before met officially, and conceded an 
equal voice, iu the preparation of propositions or 
recommendations to Congress, in regard to mat¬ 
ters of common concern, by the representatives 
of other cognate interests. The wool manu¬ 
facturers, for example, never before met them, 
in that theater, us equals and allies. Hitherto 
the growers have been to the manufacturer on 
such occasions; and they have alwayB becu oc¬ 
casions of opposition aud contest-—wbat a scat¬ 
tered uodisciplincd and half armed militia, aet- 
ing on no arranged programme, are to a com¬ 
parative handful of veteran troops, armed to 
the teeth and moving as one man. Tariff bills 
crushing to tho grower, have been passed almost 
without, bearing from the latter! If members 
of Congress, representing growers, sought to 
guard their interesit®, it was well. If they did 
not, or were outnumbered, adverse enactments I 
were made even before the farmers of the coun¬ 
try, uniting for each other, mustered in oppo¬ 
sition. 
We attribute the healthful change which lias 
taken place, and especially that in the relations 
of the manufacturer and grower, in j ltu q jjre 
advance of liberal ideas. Rut btuuun nature is 
human nature. While those liberal ideas might, 
doubtless move some mauufiicturers, we do not 
believe they would over have prevailed and con¬ 
trolled the action of the body in regard to jiro- 
tective legislation, had wool growers remained, 
MR. CHAMBERLAIN'S INFANTADO• NEGRETTI RAM “BARON 
by the connoiseurs in that style of sheep. 
Lambs of his choice quality and great even¬ 
ness both in form and fleece were also ex 
hiblted. For an account of the origin of Mr, 
Chamhbrlian's flock see Practical Shepherd, 
pages 88-43. 
William Chamberlain of Red Hook, N. Y., 
writes .-—“The ‘ Raron’ is a pure Infantado-Ne- 
grcttl ram which I bred from imported stock." 
This superior animal was exhibited at the State 
Sheep Fair at Rochester last spring, in the 
class “ Fine Merinos," and was much admired 
and the wool growers of the United States owe 
him a debt of gratitude which can never be can¬ 
celled. Hon. Columbus Delano, the true aud 
able Representative of the farmers of Ohio, 
made the principal speech in favor of the wool 
tariff. At the time of this writing (July 30) we 
have not received a copy of it,—but we under¬ 
stand by letters from members that it was char¬ 
acterized by great talent and research and pro¬ 
duced a marked effect on the House. Other old 
friends,both from the Last and the West, did their 
duty fully, though in the short time allowed for 
the debate—it being so near the close of the ses¬ 
sion—they had uo opportunity to be heard in 
set speeches. The manufacturing represonta* 
tivesof New England in the House voted, we be¬ 
lieve, solid or almost 8«ffid for the bill. They 
neither opposed nor sought to insert amend¬ 
ments iu the scale of wool duties, and thus 
manfully kept t he pledges of their friends, made 
at the Syracuse Convention. 
mass. Not to put too fine a point on it, we be¬ 
lieve it was necessary that the growers put 
themselves into an attitude where it was safer to 
agree with than to fight them, to develop or call 
forth the proper liberality—and that, were the 
bundle of sticks again unbound, dispersed and 
its combined strength thrown away, that liberal 
ity would suffer considerable diminution! In 
saying this, we merely say that the manufactu¬ 
rers are human beings, aud act on the same 
principles which regulate business' relations gen¬ 
erally. 
The wool growers’ organizations have now a 
campaign before them. It will not by any 
means do to rely for success on the efforts or 
arrangements made. Fresh petitions might to he 
soil to Congress. They will freshen the memory 
of the Representatives! They will show that 
the petitions sent in last winter were not the re¬ 
sult. of a mere spasmodic effort, drummed up 
by u few active men, but the true expressions of 
the wants and the settled convklioris of the great 
body of American wool growers. Every organ¬ 
ization of course has the right, to petition for 
what, and in what form, it plcascB. Rut it strkes 
us forcibly that substantial unity in these par¬ 
ticulars will be found to bea source of st rength. 
In our interviews with Congressmen, last win¬ 
ter, we were strongly impressed with the appa¬ 
rent good effect of the unanimity displayed by 
the growers. Ami we can see no good reason 
for abandoning or changing the claims which 
have already virtually led to a great, though not 
a completed, victory. 
Every wool growers' organization, whether 
representing a State, county, or town, ought, 
in our opinion, to meet long before the next 
session of Congress, pass resolutions embody¬ 
ing its views on the subject of the wool tariff, 
and take measures fora thorough circulation of 
petitions. Let all these be ready to send in the* 
first day ol the session—for the action of the 
Senate on the House bill ought to be, aud prob¬ 
able will be, prompt. Each organization lmd 
better forward its resolutions tv d petitions to 
the members from its own Btate. We warn our 
friends that if these things me not rigor ously 
attended to, or are unduly procrastinated, much 
of our present vantage ground will be lost. The 
free-traders will turn up heaven aud earth to 
defeat the whole bill. 
There is another point, not to be overlooked. 
Nominations and elections of Congressmen are 
to take place the coming fall. The wool tariff 
may be defeated at the next session. If passed, 
as Is more probable, still a free trude majority 
in the next Congross would not let it staud for 
a single year. We ask if any sensible man is 
prepared to vote, cither at a nominating con¬ 
vention or at the polls, for a candidate who he 
knows will, as a member of Congress, on the 
strength of some theory, or some pledge of free 
traders, vote to sacrifice his (the elector’s) rights 
and interests? And Ik any sensible man pre¬ 
pared to vote in the dark, not knowing whether 
the nominee intends to represent, the interests 
of American formers, or those of the half-civil¬ 
ized peasantry of Ruenos Ayres? If party feel¬ 
ing is stronger among our farmers than a sense 
of their own rights, Mr. Morrill’s remark that 
Chickens Hatched Artificially. 
It is stated by a late traveler that artificial 
chicken hatching is extensively carried on in 
the larger towns in'Egypt. In Cairo large build¬ 
ings arc devoted to this business. Large ovens 
of several stories are constructed, furnished 
with straw mats on which the eggs are placed 
tier above tier. As many as one hundred and 
fifty thousand eggs are placed In the oveus of 
a single building at one time. About twenty 
millions of eggs are subjected to this process 
yearly —producing about fourteen millions of 
chickens. The proprietors of these establish¬ 
ments pay a yearly tax to the government for 
the privilege of prosecuting the business of arti¬ 
ficial chicken hatching. 
The Implement Trial at Auburn. —Up to the 
date of our last udvlces from Auburn, (Saturday eve¬ 
ning, 21st.) the Trial of Implements under the direc¬ 
tion of the N. Y. State Ag. Society had progressed 
finely and with nnbutud interest. The trial of Mow¬ 
ers and Reapers was substantially conflicted on Sat¬ 
urday, and that of Horse Rakes and Forks, Tedders, 
Thrashing Machlnos, Feed Cutters, &c., will take 
place the present week. 
— Wc might fill a page of the Rural with facts and 
incidents of the Trial as Been or reported by other*, 
hut prefer to await the decisions of tho Committee, 
whoso complete report will probably soon tie forth 
coming. Meantime it is gratifying to know that the 
success of the machines thus far practically tested 
clearly demonstrates that great improvements have 
been made within a few years past. 
Condensed Correspondence, Items, &c. 
8a males or Wool.— J. E. TArrAN, Ogden, Kansas, 
sends t wo samples of strong, healthy Merino wool 
grown without shelter on the prairie* of Kansas, 
with quest,ions. Kansas is. beyond all question, “a 
sheep growtug country." The wool of ram No. 2 is 
superior, but the tleece tsnot heavy enough. That of 
No, 1 is not. equal in quality, but Is longer and yolkler. 
Other things being equal, No. 1 is the most valuable 
ram for any kind of eww, but if restricted to the use 
of the two, next fall, we should put No. 1 with the 
Merino ewes, and No. 2 with the grade English. 
E. Gazliiv, Pleasant Plains, Dutchess Co., N. Y., 
sends us 8 specimens of Cotswold wool ranging from 
8 to 10 inches long. Fleeces average about 8 pounds 
washed. Tho wool is of excellent quality, clean, 
strong, and possessing brilliant luster. No account 
of the particular sheep Horn which the samples taken 
is sent—but we presume them t.o be the premium 
sheep of the State Sheep Fair. These were the im¬ 
mediate descendants of imported sheep, and were of 
high quality. 
1). Cooniiadt, Albion, Mich., 8 samples— % Leices¬ 
ter X common Merino—from 7 to 8 Inches long. Mr. 
0 . asks if it has “length enough for combing wool." 
it has, and is a good clean article. 
Weather and Crops in Pennsylvania.— Under 
date of July 20, Mr. J. E. Ali.en of Harrisburg, I’a., 
writes:—” We have just passed through a spell of tho 
hottest, weather we Lave ever had In this section of 
country- For25 or30days, without auy Intermission, 
ttic Thermometer has ranged from 00 to 100 in the 
shade, but tho heat is uow broken. Yesterday was 
cloudy, and in the evening we bad an old-fashioned 
settled raiu set In, with a continuation of the same 
to-day. The harvest, which is just about over, is a 
most abundant one, especially wheat- and oats. Corn 
never looked better, and promises an abundant crop. 
Fruit of all kinds will be very plenty. The apple 
crop which has been small for several years past will 
be very large.” | _ 
The Wool Market.— Tho postponement of the 
Tariff Bill haB depressed the wool trude throughout 
the country, and prices are from 5 to 7 cents per lb. 
less than they were two weeks ago. Though we 
trust, this depression will be but temporary, we fear 
that wool growers will not, for some time to come, 
receive a fair price for their staple —Tor of course 
buyers and manufacturers will take advantage of the 
action of Congress by decrying tho value of wools 
aud purchasing at as low figures as possible. Let 
wool growers “possess their souls In patience,’' and 
await the result-resolving, meantime, that the next 
Congress shall hear and heed their petitions. 
- 
Keep Cool.— The recent “ heated term ” has caused 
much suffering, and rnuny deaths, and it behooves all 
who may be exposed to a similar tropical tempera¬ 
ture to exerciBc proper caution. On the farm it 
would be well to “ let up ” on both men and teams in 
tho heat of the day, doing the heaviest work in the 
Coro for Heavey Horses. 
A correspondent of the Massachusetts 
Ploughman, who has had much experience in 
the management, of horses, says he has found 
the following effective in curing the heaves in 
horse#;—First., procure (if you have uot one 
already,) a head halter, aud tie tho horse so that 
he cannot eat the bedding; give for a few days 
but little food, aud that wet, not more than half 
the usual quantity, which will relieve the breath¬ 
ing ; after which, nutritious food Is fed liberally 
with grain, and less hay, and so long as you do 
so your horses will uot have the heaves. 
Sow Turnips. 
Wm. H. White, So. Windsor, Ct., urges iu 
the Country Gentleman a liberal sowing of tur¬ 
nip seed this year, to make up for what he de¬ 
nominates a short hay crop. The turnip is good 
whether the hay crop be scanty or not. If the 
seed be sown about the first week in August 
there will bo abundaut. time for the turuip to 
mature. On hard or heavy soils it is best to 
sow a week earlier than on those of a lighter 
and more friable character. The varieties 
deemed best for the table are the Purple-top, 
Strap-leaf and Golden-ball. 
Heavy Fleece. It may bo remembered by some 
of our readers that lust year we expressed some in¬ 
credulity in regard to the reported proportion of 
tleece to carcass of a ram owned by R. F. Dewey of 
Ponltncy, Vt. Judge B. Frisbir of‘tho same town 
writes that ho was present at the shearing of tills 
ram, Juno 20, aud that tho fleece-, then of just u year’s 
growth, weighed 28)£ lbs., and tbo carcass after it 
was taken off J24 lbs. He says the ram was in good 
condition and tho floecc clean (tor unwashed wool) 
and In good condition. Three samples of the wool are 
forwarded respectively from the fide, belly and thigh. 
Tbo first Is about SL in., the second 8 V t in. and the 
third SJii in. long. The quality is flue, witli good 
style. The samples have a large but uot an extraor¬ 
dinary amount of yolk. Judge Fbisbie'b statements 
are verified by several other persons. This was 
wholly unnecessary. 
Cattle Breeds. 
Ezra Marsh, ofShelburn, Vt., gives his 
opinion on the comparative value of different 
kiuds of cowb l'or dairy purposes, and for beef, 
lie says:—“I have milked from 75 to 110 cows, 
for the last lew years, composed of about oiie- 
half high grade and pure Durham; the others 
natives and grudes of the other breeds named. 
I find the Durham to far exceed the native and 
other breeds in milking qualities, and when fat¬ 
ted the difference is still more apparent, espe¬ 
cially when compared with the natives. 
Tub Best Western Sheer Country.—James F. 
Dunn, Rlymcnth, N. H., asks “where is the best 
place In the Western States for sheep raising?” Al¬ 
most the entire West ts u good sheep country. For 
Cheapness of land, shortness of winter, and other 
natural advantages, wc do not believe Missouri can 
now be surpassed among these Status. 
Illinois State FAIR and j i 
— The Ill. State Fair is to be h 
menclng Sept. 21 th. Moet of tl 
ul Chicago have agreed to tram 
passengers at excursion rates (1 
grand rally of the industrial c 
and the whole North-west and ' 
kind” are cordially invited. Th< 
(under auspices of the State A] 
mence at Mat toon. Sept. 4th, t 
success, judging from the ext 
announced. 
War on the Fences. 
A correspondent of the Utica Herald de¬ 
votes considerable space to the subject of farm 
fencing, and indirectly favors the plan of dis¬ 
pensing with fences in many sections of the 
country in consequence of a lack of material to 
make them, or if attainable at all the coat is too 
great to warrant the use of them. The cost of 
fencing in the State, of New York alone, as the 
farms uow stand, Is vaguely estimated at from 
twenty to forty millions of dollars—a sum which 
it is proposed to lessen materially by substitu¬ 
ting stable feeding for pasturage. In this way 
it is assumed, and no doubt correctly, that the 
sa ving iu manure will more than repay the cost 
of extra attendance which the soiling process 
will involve over that of pasturing stock, while 
the necessity of fences will he materially dimin¬ 
ished. It is not likely that farms will be sud¬ 
ohio Farmer states that the 
Uuiit, Rose & Co., Cleveland, 
> tho 7th Inst. 700,000 lbs. of 
from 50 to 62 cts. per pouud. 
«»» — 
•atm Fair.— The Hon. Arson 
, Ill., has accepted an invit«- 
ml Address at the N. Y. State 
