breeding back to ancestors, is because there 
were fewer disparities in those ancestors to 
breed back to. And for the very same reason 
the jjrogeny of an unimproved uniform flock—or 
of one not iu the process of change — should be 
expected to exhibit greater uniformity, thau 
would the progeny of the same flock, after the 
inauguration of improvements and consequently 
of changes. 
We do not remember to have seen this ex¬ 
planation of' the fact under consideration before 
advanced — but It appears to us a most obvious 
one; and we think our readers will agree with 
us in this, if we have been fortunate enough to 
make ourselves clearly understood. 
It has always been notorious that an improve¬ 
ment first reached, and an Improvement estab¬ 
lished, are two very different things. It requires 
time and a rigid couree of selection to make an 
improvement permanent and uniformly trans¬ 
missible to progeny. The improved blood must 
continue to flow long enough—through enough 
generations — in one channel, to acquire the 
property of certain hereditary transmission — 
and that channel must not continue to receive 
disturbing contributions of loss im proved blood, 
by retaining in the flock and breeding from the 
old, less improved stock, or the later stock 
which has not come up to the improved stand¬ 
ard. When this course has been pursued Jong 
enough, and when also the advance in improvement 
has been stopped long enough at a certain point , a 
dead level of uniformity can be attained — not 
mon and grade ewes can be purchased more cheaply 
in the Western than Eastern States. It will do to pay 
two or three dollar* a head for them—if choice, more, 
Good sheep land* abound In all the Western States. 
Perhaps the cheapest ones, quality considered, arc 
now to be found In Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Kan¬ 
sas and Nebraska — because those States are less 
populated and because public or unoccupied lands— 
free to the contiguous aettler —are therefore more 
abundant in them. 
Surei- poii Tint Hi.ce Grass Region.—'“ A Sub¬ 
scriber,” Bourbon Co., Ky., asks:—“Can sheep raising 
be made profitable in the blue grass regions of Ken- 
Bolute uniformity of temperature could be main¬ 
tained from May till December. That tempera¬ 
ture might be 70°, more or less, as expedience 
demonstrated. If an underground room of suf¬ 
ficient dryness could be obtained so much the 
better, for then the ice might be dispensed with. 
It is a fact that in the south of France and in 
Lombardy caves arc used for this purpose, and 
a farm with such a cave is valued at a very high 
figure. We know that in these views we are 
sustained by some of the very best and most 
noted cheese-makers of Herkimer county.” 
In conclusion it is asserted that the process 
Beet Sugar in Germany. 
A cokrespondent of the Nation, writing 
from Germany, gives an account of the beet su- 
Tur Season -Harvest. -The weather continue 
favorable for farming operations, and the grow],,,, 
crops. The bay crop has been secured in -xcellent 
AOfwl, Itnr. 4 In 1 1 ___J .« « • . . , 
gar business in that country. Fields of beets of con d't‘om and is a full average yield in this section 
from two to three hundred acres are often seen 
there. The beets arc drilled in rows about fif¬ 
teen inches apart and the whole labor of culti¬ 
vation performed by the hoe. The women and 
men work in gangs of twenty or more. The 
lucky, where land varies in perfer from $60 to tlOOper ,"L”w" ~~ j TVV - 77 - ^ „ . non> ever known. Though the weather is generally ' 
acre, and if so, which kind Is profitable, the Long °!. C C0mrnon 5n England, whose men get from sixteen to nineteen cents per day able for most growing crops, potatoes and com c m 
_ ... ° Dlitnulfi id nt j v i a rmt on*. orwi ilia nromnH __ < 1.1 _a a. n . . , , . _ 
The weather has also been very favorable fortarvest- 
lng operations. The wheat crop is secured li pri me 
order, and proves fully as good hereabouts i 9 an 
harvested In five years. Most of the barley c- op j, 
already gathered, and the yield is one of the beet 
ever known. Though the weather is generally f a ., or 
Wools or Merinos f” Sbt-up of both those breeds are 
raised on lands of equal price in New York. But 
MerinoB cannot profitably be raised on such lands 
without the sheep are of very superior quality and 
arc made contributors to a sound system of converti¬ 
ble husbandry. With good accessibility to suitable 
mutton markets, prime Long Wools can be raised 
with profit anywhere, where soils arc rich and pro¬ 
ductive. Indeed their very place fs on rich and 
highly cultivated farms near cities—however high the 
price of land. The blue grass region of Kentucky 
undoubtedly possesses a good soli and climate for 
either breed of sheep. The accessibility of mutton 
markets should be best known to its inhabitants. 
climate is sni goteris, is not adapted to our and the women from thirteen to fifteen—work- 
country; hence if information is sought from 
the method of manufacture abroad, it 6hould be 
derived from France and Italy having a climate 
analagous to the northern and central sections 
of our own country. 
CHEESE MAKING FIFTY YEARS AGO. 
sooner. 
The general family resemblance of the Ameri¬ 
can Merinos is, to say the least of it, quite as 
strong as that of any other great national family, 
which has sprung from the parent Spanish 
stock—whether French, German or any other. 
In prime improved American flocks, the iudi- 
vidul resemblance is, in our Judgment, quite as 
marked as in the flocks of any other breed, 
where the numbers are equal, where equally 
rapid improvements are now going on, and 
where selection (the exclusion of animals below 
the improved standard) is not more rigorously 
enforced. 
PHOTOGRAPHS OF DRAWINGS.—Wm. M. HOLMES, Of 
Greenwich, N. Y., sends us photographs of drawings 
of the dam of Hammond’* Sweepstakes; of ” Madoc” 
got bv Percy's Gold Mine out of darn of Sweepstakes; 
and of ” Flora,” got by Gold Drop out of same ewe. 
The two last represent fashionable and handsome 
sheep. That of the old ewe represents a strong, 
round animal, possessing much substantial excel¬ 
lence, but deficient in some of the points demanded 
by modem fashion. She has a dew-lap and “ the 
cross’’ on the breast, but is otherwise free from folds 
and exhibits no wool below the knees and hocks. 
Mr. II. owns half of Madoc and considers him n ram 
of great promise. 
Condensed Correspondence, Items, &c. 
Hoof Rot.—C. S. Totwan, Syracuse, N. V., gives 
an interesting account, of his experience with this 
dieeaso. Of its cause and cure ho writes“ I com¬ 
menced a careful and microscopic examination, which 
resulted in the conviction that the cause was the 
same as that of the psora (Itch) In the human sub¬ 
ject, anitnalcula. Knowing kerosene oil to be very 
suro in destroying Insects, I tried It. in this case. We 
cleaned the foot with a stick, (no paring of the hoofs 
is needed,) and, turning the hoof up, poured In a 
email quantity of the oil. It wasee searching that 
it woald penetrate every fissure and cranny, where 
the animalcule, burrowed, and soon destroyed them. 
Finding the first application doing well, I directed 
my man to oil the feet of every sheep and lamb, sore 
or sound, believing that a remedy that would drive 
the insect from diseased sheep, would keep them 
from healthy ones. Severn! of the sheep had become 
diseased on the brisket, sides and other places; the 
remedy was used there also. The result was beyond 
my most sanguine expectations. I have the same 
flock still and occasionally have to UBe the remedy on 
a lew cases, and the whole flock are now free from 
the disease. ’There should be care in the use of the 
kerosene, as if used too freely it will take oil' the 
wool or lmlr from the parts where it is applied.” 
This t heory or the cause of the disease is a novel 
one, and must, be vorlfled by very decisive proof be¬ 
fore we shall be. prepared to adopt it. The general 
phenomena of hoof rot do not strike us ns bein- an- 
■fdogons to those of maladies like the itch in human < 
subjects and the scab in sheep, produced by those ’ 
animals, Invisible to the naked eye, termed acari. < 
Ear-Marks Kii.uno Sheep. — W. M. Holmes, 
Greenwich, N, Y„ writes:—“A man loBt a sheep 
which had a metallic ear-mark in. After It had been 
dead a couple of days, he cutout the ear mark and 
carried it in his pocket a week or more, and finally 
put It into the ear of a good, healthy yearling ewe, 
and it killed her iu three days. I presume if the 
mark had been w r ashed or soaked in vinegar or any 
acid, it would have been harmless.” Will Mr. li. in¬ 
form ue bow 7 the mark killed the sheep—i. c., what 
symptoms were exhibited 1 
Wintering Sheep, and the Lamb Drop in 
Kansas.— R. A. Steele, Bloomington, Douglas Co., 
Kansas, writes that he wintered 300 one and tw oyear 
ofd sheep, and lust 20 head by the disease described 
In the Rurai. New-Yorker or June 28d. The sheep 
were well fed. A large number of lambs came small 
and very feeble, though from apparently vigorous 
ewes. The same sheep diseases, with few excep 
tions, 6eem to pervade all the Northern and North- I 
western blutes. 
Polling Wool.—Lice.— O. B. Grid ley, Dansville, 
N. Y., wrote us in the winter“ Some of my sheep 
pull their wool. I find the cause to be a small insect 
or louse. The remedy I apply is Scotch snuff in a dry 
stale, which wilt kill tice and ticks.” We have fre¬ 
quently examined sheep which pulled their wool, and 
did not observe these lice. Will Mr. Gridlky de¬ 
scribe their size, color, A.C.? 
y The modern or factory system of cheese mak- 
, r lng is but the complement of a plan acted npon 
a in New England fifty years ago and probably 
. even now in sparsely populated districts. Pos¬ 
sessed of a few acres of land each; seeking to 
f diversify their farm productions in such a way 
i as to afford them a little of everything desirable 
’ for home consumption or for the market, few 
: farmers kept cows sufficient to warrant the man¬ 
ufacture of a cheese from the surplus milk of a 
day. But cheese they must have, and from this 
necessity, real or supposed, originated the prac¬ 
tice of “ changing or swopping ” milk. By an 
arrangement, among the wives of the small 
farmers, the surplus milk remaining to each 
family was taken to a house agreed upon and 
turned into a common receptacle in the morn¬ 
ing-each contribution being weighed and cred¬ 
ited to the party bringing it. The same dispo¬ 
sition was made of the morniDg’s milking. 
These several accumulations would answer for 
a cheese and one was made accordingly. Per¬ 
haps two or three would he made in succession 
by the same party but not ollen. One woman 
having made her cheese, auother on the list of 
contributors took her turn in receiving tbo milk, 
and so on till the whole circle of contributors 
was reached. Each having a cheese, the process 
was repeated till the terms of the agreement 
were fulfilled. Then a settlement took place. 
Pounds of milk were cancelled by pounds and 
if a balance remained against any one it was 
accounted for in u manner generally satisfactory 7 . 
There were several compensating advantages 
attending this practice of “ changing milk” 
aside from that pertaining to the cheese secured 
by the process. It afforded t he women an excuse 
for calling upon each other during the process 
of cheese making; of receivimg and imparting 
information on the manufacture of the article 
and generally drawing closer and rendering more 
genial those ties which constitute “good neigh¬ 
borhood.” It is true, occasional broils would 1 
supervene, but those were of small moment—the 1 
sour milk of the system—and speedily forgotten. ’ 
ing fourteen hours. The manufactories for this 
sugar are on a correspondingly large scale, some 
of them employing a thousand hands. The beets 
are brought from the field and elevated to the 
uppper story of a high building, where they 
are cleaned, crushed and filtered, the juice 
descending from story to story, undergo¬ 
ing a refining process by the way till it reach¬ 
es the lower one in the shape of a su¬ 
gar cone or “ hat M two and a hall feet Sn 
length. It is a very nice article and worth at the 
factory about ten cents per pound. It takes 
eight days from the time of crushing the beets 
till the 6ugar is dried sufficiently for market. 
One of these establishments turned ont six mill¬ 
ions of pounds last year with the help of six 
hundred hands. 
rain to facilitate setting and earing. On the whole 
our reports in regard to the harvest, crops, &c., a:- 
very favorable. 
Official Crop Retort for July.— The customary 
monthly abstract of crop reports made up at Wash¬ 
ington by the Department of Agriculture, was pni,. 
lished some days since. This report indicates about 
eight and a half tenths of an av erage crop of wheat 
but of a quality so good as to make it equal in valae 
to the crop of laet year. W inter barley is reported 
to be equally good, and the oat crop never better, in 
most of the States more corn was planted thau usual 
and, with the exception of Maine and New Hamp- 
shire, the reports Indicate a corresponding yield- 
dependent, of course, on the forbearance of autumnal 
frosts. A large breadth of potato ground was plant¬ 
ed, and the promleo of a good return is fair. The 
apple and peach orchards never made a poorer show 
than they do this season. 
Fertile Soils, 
Tn* Agricultural Department.— It is reported 
No experiments of the analytical philosopher £ * a J lln ® t,m ^-respondents that our friend, Sir 
.. *_, v! . p .. :. p . Isaac Newton, Commissioner of the Department of 
have as vet succeeded in furnishing reliable in¬ 
formation as to the exact relative proportions in 
which the original or primitive earths should be 
incornorated in order to secure a fertile and oer- 
manently, productive soil. An analysis of cer¬ 
tain soils taken from the vicinity of Albany, N. 
Y., gave as the result: 
Kanfl .. 
cla A.-.26.00 
Vegetable humus,.. ^ 
Soluble salts,.... g ^ 
7 The enclosures from which the soils for these 
experiments was taker), were supposed to be as 
fertile as any in that State, and it is probable 
that the data furnishedby these experiments are 
as reliable as any on record. In tink\ science 
will probably develop the true composition of 
fertile soils, and enable us in a considerable de¬ 
gree, so to amalgamate primitive earths, as to 
secure highly important results, and overcome, 
in a great measure, the weighty objections of in¬ 
nate unproductiveness, by artificial moans. All 
progressive farmers are at work on the problem, 
and It is quite certain that good results will 
come out of the investigation, aided as it is by 
profound chemical and scientific research. —JV. 
E, Farmer, 
is.kacj nbwtox, Commissioner of the Department of 
Agriculture, is to be removed, the President having 
at last so determined. When the event occurs we 
shall have evidence that the world revolves abont 
Washington, and give Andy doe credit. The agri 
cultural public have long prayed for a change, — and 
the general opinion is that if it is to be done then 
’twere well ’twcrc done quickly. Though it would 
he difficult to find one so incompetent as Newton 
among the many applicants, wc trust the “coming 
man,'' whoever he maybe or wherever located, will 
prove worthy the important and responsible position 
— not a mere politician or place-seeker. Unless a 
competent man can be placed at its head, the Depart¬ 
ment should be abolished. 
Tale Disease.-Norman Gone, Flint, Mich. As 
you describe the symptoms, we judge that your sheep 
died of that wasting malady we have so repeatedly 
referred to, which, lor the want of a better name, we 
at present characterize by the unmeaning and unsci¬ 
entific appellation of “pale disease.” 
TAKE GOOD CARE OF MILCH COWS NOW. 
Dt ring the intense hot weather of July and 
August, says the Boston Advertiser, cows, 
unless in very extra pasture, with a plenty of 
shade and good water, fail very much in their 
productiveness. Wheu once partially dried un 
The New Potato Bug in Maine. 
Last week we made note of a sample of the 
“new poto bug,” sent from Iowa, and remarked 
that, at the reputed rate of its progress east¬ 
ward, it would reach the State of New York 
about 1880. But it seems, by the Maine Farmer, 
of the :36th ult., that it has anticipated that peri¬ 
od considerably, having already appeared in Au¬ 
gusta and towns in that vicinity. The editor 
says he found, on examination, that his own 
patch of potatoes was considerably infested with 
them, and adds“ This larva, when full grown, 
The Patent Process for Boring Wells.— Onr 
paragraph in the Rural of the 14th ult., about driving 
pipe for wells, (hi answer to an Inquiry from T. M. 
W., Mo.,) has elicited a letter and circular from Mr. 
Ja*. Scggett of Cortland Village, N. Y., who claims 
to be the first inventor and patentee of the process of 
making wells by driving pipe Into the earth and at¬ 
taching a pump, &c. Mr. S. says thore are over 100 
of these well* in use tn Cort.lnnd Village, “and not 
one lias ever proved a failure.’’ A number of leading 
citizens who have them in use certify that 3Ir. S.’s 
improved pumps for bored wells give entire satisfac¬ 
tion. The luventor claims that they are especially 
valuable to fanners, as they can be put down in the 
open field, or in the barn-yard and stable, in a few 
hoars, and at a small expense compared with the old- 
fashioned dug well, 
Iti bis Circular Mr. BugoEtt says: “This well is 
made by drivingJnto the earth a perforated Iron tube 
to the required ‘depth and attaching a pump. I so 
strengthen and arm the perforated tube that tt may 
itself be driven down, dispensing with the use of a 
separate bar or drill. An iron point 1* welded to the 
bottom of the tube, so that it can be driven deeper 
into the earth should It ever become necessary. The 
well can be made and ready for nse in from one to 
three hours. The tools used in putting down the 
wells cost less than $25. The tube cun bo purchased 
for about 30 cents per foot; the pump for less than $5, 
while two men can put dowu ihrec of these wells in 
Mr. Dean’s Little Wihnklt.-F. It. Dean, West 
Cornwall, Vt., writes that his stock ram Little 
productiveness. Wheu once partially dried up, is half an inch in length and half as thick, bein' 7 whl,c two men can l n,t dowa ,hrcc of the3e w< ? lla in 
it is hard to bring them into a full flow of milk thickest back of the middle and tapering to a a day- Thu advan,a « <? * ot wells ari! their 
AffAl'n rlnhnrr it C 0000*1 fPLn m.maA _A - I • < i . .... A ” choAfjEiMHR find rlnriihilitv* df>crmt/ l h with urhfoh 
again during the season. The greatest care 
Our corros o , f l8rmea acar *‘ one V™ and five days old. Fleece, 26 lbs. Weigh 
““ “f >!» «► or three hooi „m,r **“ 
covered them. Will he be good enough to iaform us 
what kind of a microscope he need, what was its 
power, and from what precise observations his “con¬ 
viction ’ on the subject was founded f 
Wrinkly was sheared May Oth, his fleece then being should therefore be laken to give them a plenty 
one year and five days old. Fleece, 26 lbs. Weight of some kind of nutritious soil-feed, corn oats 
nf fillPHOUfl tl.sAA .A ,. .1. __s .. » .. ... 
Samples, <fcc.—N. B. Cotton, New Liberty, Scott 
Co., Iowa, sends samples from his 2 year old ram 
Honest John,” got by Gen. Grant, owned and bred 
by J. 8. Benedict, Cnstleton, Vt„ dam Intantudo ewe 
bred by Mr. Bissbi.l, Shoreham, Vt. Served 80 ewes 
and wintered with a flock of 2,000, “ receiving no 
extra attention; was not regularly sheltered; was 
out in ram stonns occasionally.” Fleece, 1 yrg. 
growth, 13 lbs.; careass, 03 lbs. Air. C. asks, “ What 
Class of ewes is lie best calculated for ? I used him 
mostly with Saxons.” Specimens of his wool sent, 
from 2 'a to 2 ; . iu, long, or good style and quality, 
with considerable amount of oily yolk. If Mr. C. 
means that the sheep was housed through the year 
except that he occasionally was left out in a shower 
the fleece is too light for a 2 yr. old stock nun. But 
this would be utterly inconsistent with the assertion 
that ho received no “extra attention.'' Wo judge 
that he means that all the sheep had winter shelter 
which they could go under nt their option, and that 
the ram was sometimes out and sometimes in during 
raiu stormB. In this view or the case, and consider¬ 
ing the age, weight of carcass, and other circum¬ 
stances, the fleece was of fair weight. A ram run¬ 
ning in a flock of 2,000 through winter, not shut in 
from mil), winter or summer, and receiving -no 
extra attention,” could not be expected to produce 
over two-thirds as heavy a fleece, in the yolk as a 
carefully housed and handled ram in ttn Eastern 
breeding flock. We think this ram. If of proper form 
and constitution, would Improve Saxons, or common 
sheep,-but his wool is too short; and he must have 
very marked excellences in other particulars to con¬ 
stitute him a proper stock ram fora lull-blood Ameri¬ 
can Merino flock. 
CHEESE-HOW TO CURE IT. 
It was recently asserted in the Utica Herald, 
by J. G. W., that the reason so much indifferent 
or positively poor cheese finds its way to market 
is owing to a lack of skill or care in curing it. 
A first rate article of cheese cannot be made of 
skitnmed ruilk, but a very good oue can he, if 
| proper attention is given to the maturing or 
fermenting process when placed in the cheese- 
room. The writer says—“ But In cheese-making 
there is neither skill nor the appliances of art 
devoted to the curing process. Our curd is 
taken from the vat and cooled to an indefinite 
extent In salting upon the salting table. The 
process itself is an exceedingly hurried one, and 
the curd at a temperature of 70 or 80 degrees is 
hurried into the press. Now the air surround¬ 
ing the presses may he at 50 or 90 degrees, the 
ueiv cheese may cool considerably in the press 
or not at all, and it at last finds its way to the 
curing house, to an atmosphere warmer than 
itself, or cooler as it happens, and is then ex¬ 
posed to an ever-varying temperature which can 
be regulated only one way—to be made warmer 
if cold, but not cooler if hot. Now does any 
one believe that the niee and delicate fermenta¬ 
tion which is required can be induced and maiu- 
or whatever other kind of green feed a farmer 
may happen to have; - feed they must have or 
dry up—there is no such thing as milk and but¬ 
ter without feed. If cows are obliged to work 
hard all day, iu a short pasture, during hot 
weather, to obtain barely enough to keep them 
alive, they will become both too much heated 
and fatigued to keep up a full flow of milk, aud 
whoever expects any profit from cows iu hot 
weather must feed them enough, so that as the 
heat of the day advances they may retire to the 
shade for comfort and repose. Excessive heat 
is more injurious to a milch cow than short feed. 
Cows require a plenty to eat without great 
exercise to obtain it, and repose. It is more prof¬ 
itable to feed shorts, oil meal, or other grain, 
where pastures arc short, thau to .suffer cows to 
dry up. Cows should be driven very slowly, par¬ 
ticularly in hot weather, that they may not be 
over-heated; aud if yarded nights, should always 
have a full supply of clean water. Cowsgivemore 
milk and do better when kept constantly in the 
pasture, unless they are soil-fed in the yard or 
stable. 
point at its tip. It is a thick, plump, sluggish 
grub, stongly arched above, and when viewd on 
one side its outline is nearly the form of a cres¬ 
cent. Its under side is flattened. It is a pale 
yellow color, and its head is black and shining. 
There are six legs placed antoriorily upon the 
breast, each leg being composed of three joints 
and ending in a claw. Their color is black.” 
There is no doubt but this is the same kind of 
bugseut to us, but how it got so far east as 
Maine so soon, is singular, to say the least of it. 
cheapness aud durability; the despatch with which 
they can be put down; the case with which they can 
be removed; their security against rats and all kinds 
of filth, and last, and most, important of all, Is the 
purity and coldness of the water.” 
“High Cultivation,” 
A Great New England Fair —The Fair of the 
New England and Vermont State Agricultural Socie¬ 
ties will be held on the grounds of the Windham Go. 
Park Association at BratUeboro, Vt., Sept. 4th, 5th, 
Oth and 7th, 1366. The grounds are pleasantly located 
on the bank of the Connecticut River, und are ample 
for the purposes of the exhibition. Premiums 
amounting to ovc-r $0,000 will be oftcred in the vari¬ 
ous departments. Arrangements have been made 
The Maine Farmer, alining to the subiect of witb ncarIy a11 ^ 10 New England Railroads for the 
Tub Bctter Maker’s Golden Rules.—T he 
great secret in butter making, it seems, consists 
in attending to the following ponits: 
1st. Securing rich, clean, healthy milk—milk 
obtained on rich old pastures, free of weeds. 
3d. Setting the milk in a moist, untainted 
atmosphere, and keeping it at an even tempera¬ 
ture while the cream is rising. 
“high cultivation ” so much tallied of and writ¬ 
ten about, says that there is much more talk 
than improvement, A man looks over his farm, 
of many acres, und finds the whole needs aid, 
but not being able, at once, to render it to all 
portions, makes no particular effort to improve 
auy part. The right way—right because alone 
practicable—is to commence with a few acres at 
a time. Get these in good heart the first year 
aud the increased product from them will aid 
in experimenting on another section the suc¬ 
ceeding year. In this way the farm will soon 
become renovated, and, properly cared for, will 
not run down again as “long as grass grows and 
water runs.” 
transportation of stock and articles free, and convey¬ 
ance of passengers attending for fare one way. In¬ 
quiries may be addressed to Henry Clark, Poultney, 
Vt.; David Goodale, Brattleboro, Vt., or Daniel 
Needham, Boston, Mass. 
Wooden Shoes are worn almost exclusively 
by the Germans, in this country. We have re¬ 
peatedly recommended them as excellent cloth¬ 
ing of the feet for all farmers engaged in stable 
or bftrn-yurd cleaning, or other wet, dirty work, 
which would injure leather materially. It is true 
Meadows—Top-Dressing.— On most farms there 
are portions of meadow land whoso product of hay 
i* very Bmall compared with others In the vicinity. 
ThoBe sections cau be much improved, without break¬ 
ing up the swurd, by a liberal top dressing of lime 
aud salt. These will invigorate the growth of the 
aftermath, and if repeated the ensuing spring will 
render the poor spots equal in productiveness to those 
by which they are surrounded. The experiment is 
worth trying, unless it is deemed desirable to break 
up the whole meadow for the purpose of re-seeding 
at a future day. Nearly the same results can be pro¬ 
duced by an application of leached wood ashes as a 
top dressing where the material is attainable for that 
purpose. 
Shrunken Wheat.— Mr. Wm. F. Cogswell of 
Attica, N. Y,, sends us four heads of wheat—two of 
Soule’s and two of Amber. Some of the kernels of 
tained under circumstances like these?” 4tlr. Washing out the butrermilk thoroughly, 
After describing the process of cheese-making and working 60 as not to injure the grain, 
as witnessed by him iu Switzerland, the writer 6th. Thorough and even incorporation of 
sums up with directions how to proceed with a the salt, and packing in oaken tubs, tight, clean, 
and well made. 
sheep,—but his wool is too short; and he mnst havf tion which is required can be induced and main- 3d. Proper management in churning. ' , J ^ lcaiutr materially, ft is true soale e and two of Amber, some of the kernels of 
very marked excellences in other particulars to con! tkincd under circumstances like these?” 4th. Washing out the butrermilk thoroughly l T ‘‘ WkWard > acd tUe wearer «oes along each variety are shrunken to some extent. Mr. C. 
etitute him a proper stock ram fora foll-blood Ameri- After Ascribing the process of cheese-making *nd working so as not to injure the grain. ^ * hard ’^ thum P in S tread > bQt of that ? ZSTthe*Xunklm ^ 
can Merino flock. wo , TZu S mT!_,, . , . They are not recommended for dancinu Dumns is tae cause or the shrunken kernels? Are we to 
—_ “ WltnC68ed by hlm in Switzerland, the writer 5th Thorough and even incorporation of wa] y j d fhave something new and as destructive as the midge 
Best Sheep for tee Prairies to 8 n w S ’ ,mE Up Wlth direcUo,1£ how Proceed with a the salt, and packing in oaken tubs, tight, clean, „ * h f are to the wheat crop ?” We could discover no cause for 
West Katon, N. Y., ch ^ e ™rd. Thus:-“After salting, let it be and well made. “t si economical costing th e shrinkage, and there was certainly no indication 
pntonfficpnviriesi-whereis thehest rlaoro ^ t0 P ressud i n °t in the shape it is designed lor mar- ---- hutfI.5U to a pair. 1 or spading, ditching, or of any Insect in either head. The shrinkage may be 
chase them f—what price will it do to pay for them ket ’ but ln u lar ^ e ’ 11 at shape. Expose as A Village Dairy.—The Bath, Steuben Co. Jon n garden paths, there is no foot owlog to drouth or blight-some defect in the straw, 
The first question has been partly answered in the mucb BUrlkee as possible. Let it remain in the Courier states that a Mr. Crane of that villao-e’ clotlu “S to a wooden shoe, A pair kept possibly caused by the Hessian Fly . 
Practical Shepherd, (referred to by Mr. W..) partly In P refi6 an hour °r two to drain; then take it out milks forty-two cows, which, up to the middle “ ‘ £ p ° D ’. t0 ran out doors lor TnE Gbeat St Louis Fair t, „ « r nnt« a 
various editorial remarks in this paper-and partly in and cool it down iu spring water to the uniform I of July, had averaged one hundred pounds of a ° raeth “ s of “ evening, is very convenient, as nfftreSSn 
no^nur Lnd^ temperature of 55 or 60 degrees. Now break it butter to the cow, besides what was used in the TVr.I* ' ° m Wet and COld '“ premiums to be awarded at its next AnuVsl Fair, 
have something new and as destructive as the midge 
to the wheat crop?” We could discover no cause for 
the shrinkage, and there was certainly no indication 
of any insect in either head. The shrinkage may be 
owing to drouth or blight—some defect in the straw, 
possibly caused by the Hessian Fly. 
an article on “ Crossing Long Wools and Merinos ” 
now in onr hands and soon to bo published, Where 
woolie the primary object, and it is intended to raj^e 
it on a large scale, we believe the Merino is the best 
prairie sheep. Iflt is intended to commence with or 
rapidly attain a large flock, it is more profitable' t 0 
commence mainly with common or grade ewes 
breeding t hem steadily to none but pure blood Me¬ 
rino ramsbut it is well, also, to have a few pure 
ewes as a nursery to breed Btock rams from. Com- 
temperature of 55 or 60 degrees. Now break it 
up in a curd mill. In this cold state, no matter family. At this rate the cows will about pay lor 
how much you may grind it, no butter can be I themselves the present season. 
they will protect the feet from wet and cold.— 
N. T, Tribune. 
The Great St. Louis Fair.— The St. Louis Agri- 
I cultural and Mechanical Association offers $23,006 in 
premiums to be awarded at its next Annual Fair, 
which is to commence the first week in October. 
forced out of the curd, or the curd injured in 
any way. Now press again in the desired form, 
and next morning remove it to the curing house. 
But the curing house itself should be so con¬ 
structed, of brick or stone, with an ice house at 
one cud as well as a stone at the other, that ab- 
Bloody Milk — Caked Udder, — J. d. 
Churchill writes to the Rural American that 
the best remedy he ever 6aw for bloody miii,- 
or caked bag in cows, consisted of halt a tea- 
spoonful of saltpetre given once a day for a week. 
As a general rule it is as well to sell hay from 
the field in summer at fifteen dollars per ton, as 
from the barn in winter at twenty dollars. 
There is also said to be a similar shrinkage in 
potatoes and other vegetables. A pile of one 
hundred bushels of carrots, stored in the fall, 
measured ninety-three bushels in the spring. I 
Putnam Co. Ag. Sohety,— The sixteenth annual 
exhibition of this Society will be held at Carmel on 
the 12th, 13th and 14th days of September next. 
■ Palm vra Union Ao. Society.— The next annual 
fail of this Society will be held in the village of Pal¬ 
myra, Wayne Co., on the 27th, 23th and 29th of Sept. 
