The call for small frails is increasing every 
year, and the prices grow higher; it is because 
so much are used for canning partly, and also of 
a great mass of our people quitting the use of 
meat and eating frait as a substitute. It is one 
of the greatest wonders to me that every farm¬ 
er does not grow a fine bed of strawberries, 
raspberries, and blackberries. They arc the 
hardest working men In the world, and they 
hare the least luxuries of any class of men. In 
my travels through three counties I found not 
one farmer out of fifty that has a bed of either 
sort of fruit. Very few grow some little, stunt¬ 
ed raspberries, set out in one corner of a cow 
pasture, and if a few straggling branches are 
overlooked by the old cow the farmer’s wife and 
children get a pint or so of little, dried berries. 
Now, I have seen from one to two hundred 
plants set this last spring on hard soil, and there 
they “still livenever hoe or cultivator comes 
near them; weeds—one perfect mass—and the 
bushes, or plants, very near as large as they 
were when set last May. 
Now let me give farmer a little advice for 
their benefit. In the first place select onc-fourth 
of an acre and divide it in three parts. Then go 
to some one that grows fruit for market, and 
tell him what your soil is, and buy 500 straw¬ 
berry plants, of the three best sorts, early, mid¬ 
dling, and late; 300 raspberry plants, (Doolittle 
are the best,) and 50 Lawton blackberry plants. 
Set them out and hoc the soil well. Take good 
care of them, and if you ever regret your time 
or labor, just send me your bill of regrets in 
dollars and cents and I will send you a check 
for the amount by return mail. S. E. Davis. 
Shelby, Orleans Co., N. Y., 1806. 
AN EXTENSIVE GARDEN 
wood from a tree as is necessary for its healthy 
development, when, in fact, the application of 
the knife freely, with judgment, at the proper 
time, accomplishes more for its prosperity than 
quantities of manure so frequently and improp¬ 
erly used. 
When the tree arrives at a proper age, the 
spurs enlarge, the fruit follows, and the tree is 
In a condition to ensure its future prosperity. 
The Horticultural establishment of the Duke 
of Devonshire, England, is probably the largest 
in the world. The principal garden for vegeta¬ 
bles, fruits, green-houses, etc., is twenty-live 
acres. There are thirty green-houBes, each from 
fifty to seventy-five feet long. Three or four of 
these contain nothing but pine-apples; others 
contain nothing but melons and cucumbers. 
One peach tree on the glass wall measures fifty- 
one feet in width, fifteen feet in height, and 
bears one thousand and sixty peaches. It is the 
largest In the world. The grape houses, five or 
six in all, are seven hundred feet long. But 
what 6hall be said of the conservatory, filled 
with every variety of tropical plants? It is oue 
of the wonders of the world. It covers an acre 
of ground, is one hundred feet high, of oval 
shape, and cost $500,000. It is heated by steam 
and hot water pipes, which in all are miles in 
length. The apparatus consumes six huudred 
tons of coal in a year. 
GROUND FOR AN ORCHARD, 
The idea of some farmers that an apple tree 
will thrive in any soil which will produce grass, 
is a mistaken one, and not unfrequently causes 
considerable disappointment and loss to those 
who base action upon it The apple, though a 
hardy tree, will not thrive on poor soil, and It is 
a waste of time and money to plant an orchard 
upon6nch ground. A case in point: Several 
years since an acquaintance iu Montgomery 
county requested us to have forwarded to him 
a specified number of apple trees, which was 
done. The trees went forward in the fall and 
were set out. In the spring they put forth leaves 
and gave many indication of thrift. When the 
summer came round the trees began to fail and 
by the end of the season most of them bad died. 
This was quite a disappointment, of course, 
and was a theme of remark when we visited 
the party the spring following. On examining 
the ground selected for planting the trees wo 
were not surprised at the result. It was a pla¬ 
teau,—near the apex of a considerable bill, and 
had been used as a pasture. From the appear¬ 
ance of the ground we. thought the apple ought 
to flourish there end were surprised that it did 
not, but a brief examination, by the aid of a 
pick-ax, solved the mystery. The soil, which 
was some five or six inches deep, rested on a 
flat shale rock, impervious to the roots of the 
trees and wholly inadequate to supply them 
with the nourishment essential to vitality and 
growth. This shows that it is essential, in 
planting an orchard, to select ground which will 
permit the roots to make their way downward 
aa well as in a lateral direction without restraint 
or hindrance. Freedom, in this respect, is one 
of the conditions of success in orchard culture, 
and that soil which cannot snpply this hud bet¬ 
ter be devoted to some other purpose than that 
of raising fruit. A rich, dry soil, or gravelly 
loam, with an eastern or southern exposure, 
will be found best suited to the apple, as well as 
to most of the fruits common to the Northern 
and Western States, Planted out in ground like 
this, and properly mulched at suitable intervals, 
there need be no fears of failure, but unless 
these conditions are complied with, success may 
be regarded as out of the question. 
THE MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
Hovey’s Magazine of Horticulture for Sep¬ 
tember, devotes its leading article to a historical 
sketch of the organization and proceedings of 
the Massachusetts Horticultural Society down to 
the present time. It was formed in 1831); was 
rather weak In a pecuniary point of view, hut 
steadily gained strength with advancing years, 
and it now ranks among the most prosperous 
societies in the United States. Its prize list in 
1S45 was $1,500, and in 1865, *3,000-doubling In 
twenty yearn. This, if it does not indicate re¬ 
markable progress, evidences a healthful and 
progressive state and affords promise of groat 
longevity. In twenty years the Society has paid 
out to competitors for prizes an aggregate 
amount of fifty thousand dollars. 
About four years ago the Society commenced 
the erection of a Hall on Tremont. Street, Bos¬ 
ton, which was recently completed at a coat, for 
the building and its adornment, of ^750,000, and 
including the grounds on which the building 
stands, $250,000. On the Tremont Street facade 
arc placed three granite statues of the goddesses 
of cultivation, Ceres, Flora and Pomoua. These 
external adornments were gilts from three of 
the most active and honored members of the 
Society— B. P. Cheney, II. Hollis IIunnicweu. 
and C. O. WmTMOKB. Upon tho walls of the 
Rotunda, on each side of the main entrance to 
the Hall, Is a marble tablet, oue containing the 
namCB of the buildiug committee and the name 
of the architect, and, the other an acknowledg¬ 
ment that to the ett'orts of the members of the 
Horticultural Society the community of Boston 
is indebted for Mount Auburn Cemetery. 
With their Hall completed and the increased 
interest manifested in horticultural affaire, we. 
do not see why a long career of prosperity and 
usefulness is not open to the Massachusetts 
Horticultural Society. 
Another.—P rassiuto of potash one oz., oil of 
vitriol half an oz., copperas seven ozs.; put the 
cloth into boiling hot copperas water, after 
which rinse In cold water; then dissolve the 
prusslate of potash in a tub of warm water (two 
or three gallons will do.) Stir In tho vitriol, put 
in your cloth and work well about, hall'an hour. 
This colors about four pounds of cloth. —Mrs. 
L. A. Cuibnbll, Akrwi, Ohio, 
Apple Butter,— I noticed a recipe in last 
week’s Rural for making apple butter. I will 
now send one for making with melasses such as 
Illinois folks nse whore cider is scarce:—Take 
one and a half bushels of quarters; after they 
are pared and cored put in a tin or copper kettle, 
then cover with water safllclout to cook them; 
then add one gallon of molasses and stir it ccut- 
tinually to keep from burning until It Is thick 
enough so the juice will not separate from tho 
sauce. Alter taking it. from the fire add ground 
cinnamon and cloves to suit the taste. I have 
madcaftcr this recipe for several years and think 
it very nice.— Hattie, Subkttfi, 111 
Cookies, —As I have received many valnable 
recipes in the Domestic Department of the 
Rural, allow me to offer one for Cookies^ 
which I know to he excellent:—One cap of but¬ 
ter, two cups sugar, two eggs, one cup Bweet 
milk, tcaspoouful soda, flour to make stiff 
enougo to roll; Hpice to taste,—caraway if pre¬ 
ferred.— S. 
TRAINING RASPBERRY PLANTS. 
We have recommended trimming the rasp¬ 
berry plants in the fall, and also mulching them 
freely with coarse manure. We now give a lit¬ 
tle sketch, showing the two methods of training 
the bushes. These are applicable particularly 
to those varieties that have the same habit of 
growth as the blackberry; the black-cap, if 
properly pruned, scurcely requires the support 
even of a single 6take, 
FRUITS, &c., IN NEW YORK MARKET, 
The old wood should first be cut up, and then 
a stake firmly set down in the center of the hill. 
A foot or two lrom tho ground a cord or hoop 
is passed around the canes and stake; the tops 
are thus left, free to branch out in a good bearing 
position. The other method illustrated is to 
havo two parallel rows of stakes, aud a wire or 
rope running along each row. To one wire tie 
the bearing canes and to the other those grow¬ 
ing for next season’s fruiting. 
Presickvi.no Milk.— An easy way of preser¬ 
ving milk or cream sweet for a long time, or of 
removing tho sourness when It liasftlmuiy come 
ou, is to add to it a small quantity of common 
soda, pcriash or magnesia, of the druggist shop. 
So it is said. 
SMALL FRUITS IN WESTERN NEW-YOEK, 
PEAR CULTURE, 
THE TIME TO TAKE UP TREES, 
Mr. Editor :—As the growing of small fruits 
is extending in the country, and tho public in¬ 
terest in it is also Increasing every year, I thought 
a glimpse of my rambles last summer through 
Western New-York might benefit the many 
readers of the Rural. 
In Erie Co., N. Y., we called on some of the 
most extensive growers of raspberries and 
strawberries, The soil is clay, and raspberries 
are not large, but strawberries are fine. The 
Wilson is grown there more than any other sort. 
The Wilson, Scott’s Seedling and Red Alpine are 
grown by L. G. Tellbar. S. Grbgeky grows 
Triomph de Gaud, and as his soil is a clay loam 
his fruit was large and line; he grows in hills 
two feet each way. His fruit brought him 30 
cents per quart. 
Niagara Co. Is a clay sand, gravel, and muck. 
Strawberries, raspberries and grapes are culti¬ 
vated quite extensively there. We called en 
Robert Sale, aud went over Lis grounds of 
strawberries, grapes and raspberries. Straw¬ 
berries were just ripe and some sorts fine. His 
soil is sand. The Wilson was doing fine while 
the Triomph de Gand was a failure. Mr. Sale 
said that the Triomph could not he grown on 
sand. He had tried it in hills, in rows thickly, 
but could get no frait. The Jenny Lind was 
fine, and is very popular with Mr. Sale ; also 
the Russell and Shaker Seedling. Raspberries 
on sandy soil very fine. Gn clay, small. Mr. 
Samuel Page grows some fine frait; he culti¬ 
vates in hills one and a half feet each way. His 
soil is a sandy loam; his favorite sorts are the 
Russell, Scott’B Seedling, and the Scotch Pine. 
This last berry is said to haDg longer on the 
vines than any other known sort. We ate some 
Of the frait aud found it sweet and rich; dark 
purple in color; a fine berry, 
Orleans Co. is quite ahead df Niagara In frait 
growing. AmoDg the most extensive growers 
are L, Bacon of Medina, E. I. Potter of 
Knowlesville, H. M. Merwin, Albion, Rev. I. 
B. Hoit, Gaines. These gentlemen are more or 
less engaged in the culture of small fruits. Mr. 
E. I Potter takoB the lead in raspberries, and 
Mr. H. M. Merwin the lead in strawberries. 
We called on all these growers this season in 
time to test the fruit. Mr. Potter grows the 
Wilson in preference to all others, on account of 
a large yield, but allowed it to be a sour berry 
and poor flavor; he thinks there is more money 
in it than in any other. Mr. Mbrwdl on the 
Mr. R. Cornelius, a well known amateur of 
pears, gives the following excellent advice in 
the report of tho transactions of tho Pennsyl¬ 
vania Horticultural Society for 1865 — just pub¬ 
lished : 
Although some persons are not successful in 
their cultivation of the pear, many have realized 
their expectations. The following plans adopt¬ 
ed by oue of the latter class, are recommended: 
The mode of operation is to select a piece of 
ground which has formerly produced good 
crops, or one which^d iu good condition to do 
so. He prepares 1' 
John J. Thomas says — “We have never 
succeeded better than by taking up trees about 
mid-autumn, heeling them in by burying tho 
roots and half the stems for wintering, and set¬ 
ting out early in spring. They, however, do 
quite as well set out In autumn, provided they 
are hardy sorts, and tho Bite is not a windy one. 
In heeling for the winter, it is absolutely essen¬ 
tial to lilt iu tho interstices among tho roots 
very compactly with fine earth. Many trees arc 
needlessly lost by carelessness in this particular. 
Tho roots are injured by dryness or mouldiuess, 
and the mice find easy access among the cavities. 
To exclude mice effectually, tho heeling ground 
should be clean and a smooth mound of earth 
raised on all sides about tho trees.” 
A Mutton Stew. — This is a very good and 
economical Btew for dinner. Take a shoulder 
of mutton or lamb, stew it well, then make a- 
dressing of tomatoes, carrots, and a little onions; 
season well. 
New Advertisements 
i PI’LE SEED WANTED 
% will pay cash for vooil Ui v Ai 
876-ac JAMES A, RQQ. 
- Tho Subscribe 
I a set'cl, Add rose 
Sknncateles, N. V. 
MIPTT FARM FOR HALE -4$ ACRES 
1 Address thu subscriber, at Uulmis, Orlcaim Co., N 
l). J, B. HOY 1'. 
>y working it well to the 
depth of eighteen inches; and In case the ground 
Is heavy or wet In places, under-drain, so that 
whatever water may fall will not long remain, 
but will pass freely by, ami thus constantly 
renew tho supply of air and moisture to the 
rootlets. No manure is added to the soil imme¬ 
diately before or at the time of planting, if the 
ground is in tho condition above referred to; 
but the remedy in case the soil be poor, is to 
top-dress, which can be done at any time after 
the tree has formed new rootlets. 
Stocks are selected from one or two years old 
from the bad, or before they begin to form 
fruit spurs, and are placed in the ground in the 
fall, at the proper distance apart, and at about 
the depth as formerly grown. During tho 
month of March, or before the buds begin to 
swell, he cuts from each branch, about one-half 
of the growth of the previous year, which gives 
great vigor and prevents a slow growth — the 
cause of short spurs. 
Some trees, when young, are prone to produce 
spurs, and little wood; but by close trimming 
in the spring, the spurs are not likely to form, 
and the branches grow a reasonable length. 
Daring the period of growth, the ground is 
kept free from grass and weeds, and In a loose 
and friable condition. The trees at the end of 
the season are all that can be desired. During 
the winter months ho material is permitted to 
be around or near the trees, which would form 
a harbor for mice, as they select the bark to 
feed upon when other food Is not easily obtained. 
In the following spring, the tree is subjected 
to another trimming, which gives it a proper 
form and growing condition, and renders a sim¬ 
ilar treatment unnecessary In subsequent sea¬ 
sons. In trimming preference is given to that 
form of tree with one central stem or leader; 
its length is reduced one-quarter. Each of the 
side branches are cut so that the ends shall be 
below the top of the leader six or twelve inches, 
according to the size of the trees, and if other 
limbs are below these they arc shortened in like 
manner. As there are buds on the upper and 
lower Bides oi tho branches, and it is desirable 
to have an erect, growing tree, rather than 
drooping, the branch is cut off just above the 
bud, facing the leader, and not that on the lower 
part of the limb. 
Most of the trees thus prepared will require 
little subsequent attention; especially those 
which are naturally Inclined to a regular and 
upright growth, hut some may need a little 
farther care, as for Instance, where the second 
bud from the end of each branch, and particu¬ 
larly from the leader, has a strong tendency to 
be equal to the one above. Tho growth of this 
branch should be stopped when a few inches 
long, and the sap will then be transferred to the 
branch above. 
Many persons hesitate to remove as much 
IOM BRUSH ABOUT TEN TONS FOR 
0, nt Moscow. LI v. Co., N. Y.. by JOHN ft ILK L 
Also, about 25 bushels otbroom sued,vory -mod. 
m HAWTHORN HEDGE 1‘l.ANTH 
for sale by 
I. F. LEONARD, Albion, Orleans Co., N. Y. 
Horticultural Notes and Queries 
Sto-atj 
mire cheapest and best wood mill 
J. Biade. Two men ana a team will uvuruge more than 
two cord* per hour. The machine will nay for Itself 
every week. Send lor i* Circular to HENRY C. LAKE, 
Fmfonla, Chant. Co., N. Y. 8tti-4t 
Keeping Swrkt Potatoes.— “ A Subscriber’’ wri¬ 
ting from Illinois, asks how to keep sweet potatoes 
in good condition through the winter. Simply treat 
them as you would a delicate apple. Select sound, 
unbruised potatoes, and In every stago handle care¬ 
fully. Dry forest leaves, dry sand, or clean, bright 
wheat or rye straw cut fine, arc good packing materi¬ 
als. Pack in boxes or barrels; It Is better not to let 
one potato touch another. Yet some of the large 
growers in Now Jersey merely put a layer of loaves 
in the bottom and on the top of tho box. They will 
sweat soon after being first put np, during which 
stage ample ventilation should be ufforded. After¬ 
wards closonp tightly to ex elude the light and air. 
In Etorlng large quantities a building should be pro¬ 
vided for tho purpose. PrynoEs, darkness and an 
equable temperature arc essential conditions. 
W ANTED. - A GOOD GARDENER WHO 
has bad experience, ami u iideruiiuiua the propa¬ 
gation of Flowers aud Grape Vines. Ho must also bo 
capable of taking choree of n Gruun-Hoiiim, N ornery, Ac. 
For further particulars address C. U. A: F. CLAPP, 
South Deerfield, Muss. hlv lt 
PRESERVING GRAPES FOR WINTER, 
I rill Briri GRAPE VINES-GET THE 
JL IMF,VMM/ BEST.—Nurserymen and others who 
have seen my vines, prsuonnni! them the best they fmy.j 
aero thl»Be»tton. Order early tf joa weald »efiur>i thorn. 
Send stamp for circular 
87tP3t 8. J. ALLIS, North Kant, Erie Co., Pa. 
This frait may he kept sound through the 
winter almost as easily as apples. In the first 
place have the bunches as perfect as possible. 
Cut out all green, decayed or imperfect berries. 
YtOODHICH SEEDLING POTATOES. 
Early Goodrich,... #1 9 peck ; fit V hnshc-l ; 86 V barrel. 
Gleason and Calico, each, 75c N peck; 82 V bushel; $5 
V barrel. These Ju«tly celebrated Bcedllugti shipped to 
order free of charge, at the ab*vo low rates, and war 
ranted true to name. G, WILLIAMS. 
876 Berkshire, Tioga Co., FT. Y. 
Opium Poity.—T he blockade of tho Southern 
ports, daring the late rebellion, cut off from that sec¬ 
tion of the Union the usual sources of medicinal enp- 
ply, hence there was a scurcityof opium. To obviate 
this difficulty the Southerners commenced tho culti¬ 
vation or the opium poppy, and when peace was 
restored tho business bad grown to one of consider¬ 
able Importance, and is likely to continue. This pro¬ 
duct grows readily In all the Southern States, and 
promises to prove a source or wealth, however dele¬ 
terious its Influence may be to the mass of thoAe 
who indulge in its nse. 
AGENTS WANTED! 
TO SELL 
Just Issued. This work affords Immense profit® 
TO ^k.G-333XTTJS. 
A LSO-h large, assortment of MAI’S aud CHARTS 
for Northern and Southern Trade. 
IJT Send for Catalogne, giving full particulars. 
Address QAYLOKI) WATSON, Ernst isnKif, 
876 fit 16 Beekman 8t., New York. 
Slops for the Garden.—M any people, no matter 
whether residing on a farm or in populous towns, 
take extra pains to deposit tho slops from the wash¬ 
room in the street, though in possession of a garden 
plat which would be greatly benefited by an applica¬ 
tion of this refuse liquid. To cast this forth in the 
common way Is often a nuisance, and always u waste 
of that which would make a garden prolific In stores 
for the table If properly applied to the soil. 
The Patent Indelible Pencil. 
I860. GREATLY IMPROVED. I860, 
Superior In economy and convenience to indelible inks. 
Air them sufficiently to slightly dry or cure the 
stem, then keep the grapes cool, dry, and in the 
dark. Shallow boxeB, of about five inches in 
depth, are well adapted to keeping grapes, hut 
the wood should not be of a resinous character, 
but wholly odorless, that the frait may not he 
tainted. A French plan Is to suspend the 
bunches from hoops in a warm room or dry 
cellar. In this position they may be readily ex¬ 
amined at any time. 
AGENTS WANTED. Circulars aDd sample Pencil 
will be sent, post-paid, on receipt or fifty cents. For 
sale by Stationers, Booksellers, Ac. Address T11K 
NORTHAMPTON INDELIBLE PENCIL CO,, North¬ 
ampton, Mass. 
Gukat Growth oi> a Graits Vine. — A man by tho 
name of 8icari>, residing near Marysville, California, 
has a grape vino, grown from a cutting obtained In 
France in M2, which measures tea iuchus in diame¬ 
ter. Last season this vine produced three hundred 
pounds of excellent grapes. Tito vine is growing 
upon a dry hillside, aud has never been Irrigated. 
The soil is comparatively poor, but seems highly con¬ 
genial to the grape. 
OTMAN’S AVOOD MILL, 
FOR SAWING FIRE-WOOD, STAVE-TIMBER, &C 
Apples at thb West.— The Toledo Commer¬ 
cial is of the opinion that the apple crop in the 
fruit region of tho West Is much moreabundaut 
than St was last season. To this the Lafayette 
(Ind.) Journal adds that the crop in that vicin¬ 
ity “ is very abundant this season, and a great 
deal of eider is being manufactured and brought 
to market. It is offered freely at prices ranging 
from $3.50 to $5 per barrel, according to quality. 
One gentleman has already purchased over one 
hundred barrels at the former price, for the pur¬ 
pose of making vinegar.” 
Larob Clusters op Grapes.— At a recent meeting 
of a Horticultural Society, held in Edinburg, Scot¬ 
land, some bunches of hot-houeo grapes were shown 
of the following dimensions: Muscat Hamburg 10 
inches by 13; White Nice 23 Inches across by 20 long, 
anil weighing 103% lbs. 
They are slrnplu anil durable. elvOig unlrer: .1 sat vCue- 
tton. They can be uned with one burse or with two, and 
ure easily moved and react, ready for wmi fc. The .- nave 
time, bard work and wood; their being no chips or 
knotty lues thrown away. It received the Mk hr steward 
at the N. Y. State Kmr, Saratoga, this year. Prim of 
Power, Trucks. Saw-Swoop. Holler, ««., |75, delivered 
on cursor vessel at Dunkirk,N. Y. For further paitlcu 
Iais, or machine, a,ililrc<sa 
REYNOLDS & TOTMAN, Fredonla, N. Y. 
Quotes Cuttings are generally successful when 
set in the fall. They are not so sure in the spring. 
Put them in tho ground as soon as possible and pro¬ 
tect them by a covering of barn yard manure. 
