THE GARDEN IN NOVEMBER. 
Tele labors of the year in the garden are 
mainly brought to a close with the month of 
November. In the spring the careless gardener 
will wish he had done more work in the present 
month, having a tendency to make his business 
more profitabls the next season. It. is the right 
time to make improvements, for in the spring 
the energies of the gardener arc directed to 
planting. Every farmer should now resolve to 
have a good garden next year. If such an ap¬ 
pendage to the farm bos not been made hereto¬ 
fore, select at once a handy, suitable plat, under¬ 
drain it, trench or plow very deep, enrich it, 
raise a few beds for the earlier vegetables, and 
keep a firm determination to prosecute the good 
work unto the end. 
The work of securing properly the products 
of the vegetable garden must be speedily finished. 
Roots keep fresher for table use when packed 
in earth, and the cellar should have bins of ma¬ 
sonry, filled with dry loam or sand, for this pur¬ 
pose. 
Cabbages may be put in a trench, roots down¬ 
ward, and covered with boards aud manure to 
prevent excessive freezing. The mice may make 
havoc with them, however. Another way is to 
sink a cask in a dry spot, put the cabbages in it 
and cover well. They keep very good by merely 
pulling and inverting them on the spot where 
they grew, the head vesting on the fresh earth. 
We have kept them sound and fresh in this 
manner until spring. 
Celery should be pulled with the roots and 
6tored in a trench, pucked light, then covered 
sufficiently to prevent freezing. Yon want it 
handy to take out for use. Begin packing the 
trench at the upper end and take out for use 
where the packing was finished. 
Horse-radish and parsnips should bo dug iu 
sufficient quantities for winter use. That for 
spring eating keeps best in the ground. 
Beds of rhubarb may be made by dividing the 
roots, keeping an eye with each piece, and sot¬ 
ting in rich soil. 
Cover the asparagus bed with coarse litter. 
If part be covered deep enough to prevent freez¬ 
ing it will grow earlier in the spring. 
GRAPE VINES-MANURE. 
In all the discussions on the culture of the 
grape which have fallen under our notice for the 
last year, thcro has been evinced great unanim¬ 
ity on one point, among grape growers, In ref¬ 
erence to a free use of immure in the vineyard. 
The decision has been against the use, except at 
long intervals, aud a sparing application even 
then. This conclusion is dissented from by 
Mr. Hovev, in bis Magazine of Horticulture for 
October,—especially where the grape is grown 
for table use. With respect to wine vineyards, 
this dissent is somewhat qualified. We quote 
the closing paragraphs of his article. Thus:— 
“It will be perceived that we arc no advocate 
for growing grape vines without manure. All 
the weaker kinds, such as Delaware, Rebecca, 
Ac., cannot be well established without its use. 
The lailuro to make such varieties grow freely 
has been for want of manure, or enriching ma¬ 
terial of some kind. Their subsequent culture 
requires less, but they will be more vigorous 
and productive if not neglected. The stronger 
growing sorts, like the Concord and Hartford 
Prolific, will grow freely in any good soil, and 
require less manure than the weaker growing 
sorts; but moderate manuring will not be lost 
on these kinds. 
For the culture of grapes for the table or 
market, good-sized clusters and large berries 
are the desideratum. For this purpose the soil 
should be good naturally, moderately dry, or 
well drained, and well manured, the success be¬ 
ing in the ratio of the absence or excess of 
either. Thoroughly decayed manure should 
be used. 1 ' 
This is the other side of the question, and grape 
growers who huve followed the business for 
years and with many varieties of the vine, can 
better determine what is proper in the premises 
than we can whose experience i6 at least of the 
limited amateur character. The main argument 
againt the use of manure is based on the fact 
that it tends to augment the wood or cane at 
the expense of the fruit—diminishing the quan¬ 
tity and protracting the period of maturity. 
FLOWERS AFTER FROST, 
No matter how long winter may delay its 
coming, the first frosts are always unwelcome. 
It is 8ad to arise some pleasant, bright morning 
iu October and find our favorite flowers covered 
with hoar frost, particularly as we remember 
that the warm sunshine will cause them to droop 
and die. Weeks aud months must pass before 
we shall see their pleasant faces again. Amidst 
the wreck and rain occasioned by the first frosts 
we see a few pretty things quite unscathed, that 
continue to bud and blosBom, unchecked by 
even severe frosts, sometimes until almost 
Christmas. A notice of a few of the most 
prominent of these hardy flowers from notes 
taken in the garden, Nov. 5th, may be interest¬ 
ing and profitable. 
The Dwarf Chrysanthutn Flowered Aster, a very 
late variety, is unusually so this season, and thus 
far, although ice has formed half an inch in 
thickness, is entirely unaffected except a little 
discoloration of a few of the oldest flowers. 
Mignonette is as green and sweet as ever. 
The White, Sweet Scented Candytuft, is a fine 
thing for late Autumn. Its foliage seems to 
become a brighter green, and its flowers a purer 
white as the weather becomes more severe. 
The Lupins are yet gay, and that little dwarf 
L. Alfinis is perfectly beautiful at this time. 
The Frysimums, the sweetest and prettiest of 
the late flowers. 
The Binsiea are gayer now than at any time 
during the summer, aud if the plants are vigor¬ 
ous and not too old they will show a few bright 
blossoms every fine day during the winter, and 
be ready to make a grand floral exhibition on 
their own account early in the spring. 
Phlox Drumumln bears the frost well. A few 
flowers may become discolored, but new and 
bright ones soon take their place. 
Ccntranthus Macrosiphon is now beautiful both 
in foliage and flower, and Is desirable for cutting 
at all seasons. 
The Ten Week Stocks, If planted late—say the 
first of June—will now be the gayest flower in 
the garden, and the sweetest. 
The Qilias are valuable for their exemption 
from injury by early frosts, and 0. AchilUnfolia 
particularly desirable. 
Oxyura Chrysa7ithemoidcs, Is a gem in the Slim- 
mer, but iu early winter is Invaluable. A golden 
yellow, daisy like flower, with a beautiful white 
fringed edge. 
The NigvUas show their singular flowers, thus 
far, entirely unaffected by frost or storms. 
The Malopes, are not only uuiDjured, but im¬ 
proved by the cold weather. 
liartonia Aurea Is suffering but little. 
The Japan and Ckinese J‘inks are flowering 
quite freely, particularly plants that were a 
little late. 
With this I Bend you an engraving prepared 
for my new Catalogue, and also a bouquet of 
flowers, so that you may see how much of beauty l 
the hard frosts have left us. J. Vick. 
[The bouquet is frC6h and beautiful.—E ds.I 
j 
■ -— » ■ 
CAPE BULBS. 
There is no finer class of window plants than 
the subjects of the present chapter. They com¬ 
bine, in a remarkable degree, the two requisites 
of easy cultivation and floral beauty. Yet 
strange It is, that we seldom see them, except 
in the green-house or conservatory, iu this 
country, while in England they are popular 
pLauta for home adornment, and grown both lu 
the window and garden. 
Now, the inclemancy of our climate debars us 
from blooming these floral gems in the garden; 
but, as a compensation, our winter suns bring 
them to pefection at a season when the earth Is 
lQ<;kyd with frost, and out door gardening ia en¬ 
tirely prevented. 
They are mostly natives of Southern Africa, 
in the region of the Cape of Good Hope; whence 
their horticultural name, Cape Bulbs. From 
the nature of the climate of that region, it is 
obvious that the bulbs must have a season of 
rest The year is there divided into two portions, 
the dry and rainy season; during the one, the 
earth is saturated with moisture; during the 
other, parched with drouth. 
The general rule of culture is evident. When 
the plants start into growth, give plenty of 
water and sun; keep them vigorously growing 
until after the flowers have faded; then dry 
them off gradually, by watering less and less, 
till the foliage withers; then place them in a 
dry, airy place, without removing them from 
the pots, until the season of growth. The soil 
should be sandy loam, for almost all the species. 
Never allow water to stand round the roots. 
The time for potting is from October to De¬ 
cember; they will flower from February to 
April; let them dry off from march to June, 
and rest till October. These are hut general 
rules; special cultural directions will he given 
when we treat of each species. We have on ly de- 
scribedafew of those bestadapted for the house. 
There are more than a hundred species, aud 
countless varieties. 
The Ixia.— -These arc all bulbs of easy growth, 
and remarkable for the brilliancy of their flow¬ 
ers. About the latter part of November, or 
earlier if the bulbs begin to grow, they should 
be shaken from the soil In the pots, and planted 
anew, in a compost made of one part sandy 
loam and one part peaty earth, with a little well- 
decomposed dung, In new, clean pots; fill the 
pots about an inch deep with small crocks to 
Becure good drainage, as the plants never thrive 
if the earth around the roots becomes sodden. 
Place the pot in a cool place till the plants be¬ 
gin to grow, when they pbonirl bo placed in a 
strong light on a shelf close to the wiudow. 
As a general rule, all bulbs should be grown as 
close to the glass as possible, as thus the leaves 
are shorter and of a better color, and the plants 
never become drawn, weak, and sickly. Do not 
attempt, to force these plants; they do not bear It 
well, and are deficient lu size and number of 
flowers. The temperature sufficient to grow 
them is about forty degrees at night, to Bixty 
by day. 
The Oxams. — A very beautiful winter and 
spring flowering bulb. The varieties are vory 
numerous, and are all Indigenous to the (Jape of 
Good Hope and America. The details of culture 
for the Now Holland species are identical with 
those given for the Ixia. 
The Babxana. — This is a very handsome ge¬ 
nus of (Jape bulbs, with hairy plaited leaves, and 
brilliant flowers. They are natives of arid 
plains, and during their growing season will 
bear much wet, and when dry will not be injured 
by groat heat. In their native haunts the 
ground often becomes powdery, and the bulbs 
lie exposed to the fierce rays of the sun. 
The H.kmanthus. — This bulb, commonly 
called Blood Flower, is not uncommon, but Is 
grown more for its oddity than its beauty. The 
bulb is very largo, often afoot in circumference. 
About the Urst of September, it pushes forth a 
flower stem an inch thick, crowned by a large 
bud, whiob, opening, discloses a multitude of 
crowded flowers, of no beauty. These soon 
fade, and the bulb then produces two immense 
leaves, which often grow eighteen inches long 
and six inches wide, hanging down, one on each 
side of the pot These wither; the bulb goes 
to rest, to repeat the process the next year. 
When the flower bud begins to push, or just be¬ 
fore, say about the last of August, the bulb 
should be re-potted in two parts rich leaf mould, 
one part sand; give xflenty of sun and water as 
long as thy leaf continues to grow, then dry off 
gradually, 
'fiiE Amaryllis.—T his is an immense family 
of fine flowering bulbs, In regard to which great 
botanical confusion exists, and from which sev¬ 
eral families have beep separated. They are all 
strong growing plants, requiring liberal treat¬ 
ment to insure good bloom. The flowers are of 
many colors, produced in great profusion, and 
will well repay the care required. The soil should 
be richest leaf mould and loam, with a little flue 
sand. Good drainage Is important. The pots 
should be large, as the roots are very stroug and 
require much room. The species differ so much 
iu their habits no general cultural rules can be 
given. 
The Lachbnai.ia, — 1‘hese are pretty little 
bulbs, requiring a rough, peaty, and sandy soil. 
The bulb3 are small, but a pot filled with the 
foliage aud flower makes a pretty show. The 
plants arc Impatient of water, but after starting 
into growth should never be allowed to become 
parched, pot in October, and they will bloom 
from January to February. The foliage Is pret¬ 
tily variegated with black; the flowers are pro¬ 
duced in upright 6pikes, and arc pendulous, 
high-colored tubes. 
The Anomatheca.— ThlB Isa bcuutiful little 
bulb, of only two species, one with pink, the 
other with scarlet flowers. The bulbs are small, 
and should be planted thickly In the pot. Soil, 
rich loam and leaf mould, in equal parts. Plant 
the bulbs in January; the leaves will soon make 
their appearance, followed by the flowers in 
May; the plants will continue in bloom the 
whole summer, and be gems of beauty. Let 
them rest from September to January. 
The Triton ia. — The plants composing this 
genus are closely allied to Ixia and Sparaxis, In 
form, they vary greatly one from the other, 
some being funnel-shaped, others salver-shaped, 
like Ixia, others bell-shaped. 
The Hombria.—A race of fine flowering bulbs, 
of easy growth. The flowers are 6howy, pro¬ 
duced in profusion for a long time. The proper 
soil Is equal parts of loam, leaf mould, and Bund. 
The bulbs should be treated Ukclxias as to pot¬ 
ting, watering, and rest. They flower from 
April to June. 
The Nkrinb.— The treatment of these beau¬ 
tiful bulbs is identically that required for the 
Belladonna Lily. Thus cared for, the flowers 
will be plentifully produced, and by their bril¬ 
liancy and beauty repay for the care uffordecL 
The soil should be rich loam, peat, and sand, in 
equal proportions, and water should be plenti¬ 
fully supplied during the flowering and growth. 
All these bulbs may be procured of any large 
dealer at a trilling coat They are admirably 
fitted close to the glass, and do well in long 
boxes set into the window. They are hardy, and 
will bear ill-treatment; the primal rule 1«, grow 
the leaves well, dry off the plants gradually, 
and you will be sure of a profusion of fine 
bloom. — Hand's Flmvers for the Parlor and 
Garden. 
WHO ATE ROGER WILLIAMS 1 
Tuts is a startling question, yet the following 
account, for which a Hartford paper is responsi¬ 
ble, seems to fix It as certain that somebody has 
been guilty of canibalism in “ the second de¬ 
gree,” and It also announces a curious Horticul¬ 
tural fact: 
Ninety years after his death, in 1771, steps 
were taken to erect to him some suitable monu¬ 
ment, but the storms of the Revolution came 
on and the work was forgotten. But recently 
the question has been agitated anew, and Wil¬ 
liams may yet at least have some outward sign 
to mark his greatnesB and perpetuate his name. 
During a period of 188 years, not even a rough 
stone has been set up to mark the grave of the 
founder of Rhode Island, till the precise locality 
of his grave bad been almost forgotten, aud 
could only be ascertained alter the moBt careful 
investigation. Bufficc it to say, however, the 
Bpot was found and the exhumation made a 
short, time ago — though there was little to ex¬ 
hume. On scraping off the turf from the surface 
of the ground the dim outlines of seven graves, 
contained within less than one square rod, re¬ 
vealed the burial ground of Roger Williams. 
In Colonial times each family had its own burial 
ground, which was usually near the family resi¬ 
dence. Three of these seven graves were those 
of children, the remaining four were adults. 
The easterly grave was Identified as that of Mr. 
Williams. On digging down Into the “charnel 
houBo,” it was found that everything had passed 
into oblivion. The shapes of the coffins could 
only be traend by a black lino of carbonaceous 
matter the thickness of the edges of the sides of 
the coffins, with their euds distinctly defined. 
The rusted remains of the binges and nails, with 
a few fragments of wood and a singlo round 
knot, was all that could he gathered from his 
grave. In the grave of Mb wife there was not a 
trace of anything save a single lock of braided 
hair which had survived the lapse of more than 
ISO years. Near the grave stood a venerable 
apple tree, when and by whom plautcd is not 
known. This tree bad Bent, two of its main 
roots into the graves of Mr. and Mrs. Williams. 
Th© larger root bad pushed its way through the 
earth till tt reached the precise spot occupied by 
the skull of Roger Williams. There making a 
turn as if going round the Bkull, it followed the 
direction of the back bone to the hips. Here it 
divided into two branches, Bending oue along 
each leg to the heel, where they both turned up¬ 
ward to the toes. One of these roots formed a 
slight crook at the knee, which makes the whole 
bear a very close resemblance to a human form. 
This singular root is preserved with great eare, 
not only as an illustration of a groat principle 
in vegetation, but for its great historic associa¬ 
tion. There were the graves, emptied of every 
particle of human dnst! Not a trace of any¬ 
thing left! It is known to chemistry that all 
fiesh, and the gelatinous matter glvffig consist¬ 
ency to the hones, are resolved into carbouie acid 
ga:q water and air, while the solid lime dust 
usually remains. But in tills case even the 
phosphate of lime of the bones of both graves 
was all gone! There stood the “guilty apple 
tree,” as was said at the time, caught iu the very 
act of robbing the grave. 
To explain the phenomenon is not the design 
of this article. Such an explanation could be 
given, and many other similar cases adduced. 
But this fact must be admitted: the organic 
matter of Roger Williams bad been transmitted 
into the apple tree; it bad passed into the 
woody liber aud was capable of propelling a 
steam engine; it bad bloomed In the apple-blos¬ 
soms, aud had become pleasant to the eye; and 
more, it had gone into the fruit from year to 
year, so that the question might be asked, who 
ate Roger Williams ? 
THE “FROST FLOWER” OF RUSSIA. 
A Boston journal describes an extraordinary 
“frost fiower” of Russia, which has been pro¬ 
duced, it is said, in Boston in a temperature of 
artificial cold, in the following words: 
This wonderful plant, or rather flower, is 
found only on the northern boundaries of Sibe¬ 
ria, where the snow is eternal. It was discov¬ 
ered in 1893 by Count SwinoskolT, the eminent 
Russian botanist, who wad ennobled by the Czar 
for his discovery. Bursting from the frozen 
snow on the first day of the year, it grows to the 
height of three feet and flowers on the third day, 
remains in fiower for twenty-four hours, and 
then dissolves itself into its original clement— 
stem, leaves and flowers being of the finest 
snow. The stalk is about one iuch in diameter; 
the leaves, three in number, in the broadest 
part are an inch and a half in width, and are 
covered with inliuites-slmal cones of snow; they 
grow only on one side of the stalk, to the north, 
curving gracefully in the same direction. 
The flower, when fully expanded, is in shape a 
perfect star; the petals are three inches In 
length, half an inch wide In the broadest parts, 
and tapering sharply to a point These are also 
interlaced one with another, lu a beautiful man¬ 
ner, forming the most delicate basket of frost 
work that the eye ever beheld; for truly this is 
frost work tho most wonderful. The anthers 
are five in number, and on tho third day after 
the birth of tho “flower of enow” are to be 
seen on the extremities thereof, trembling and 
glittering like diamonds, the seeds of this won¬ 
derful (lower, about as largo aB a pin’s head. 
The old botanist says when first, he beheld this 
flower, “ I was dumb with astonishment; filled 
with woudormeut, wMch gave way to joy the 
most ecstatic on beholding this wonderful work 
of nature, this remarkable phenomenon of snow. 
To see this fiower springing from tho snowy 
desert—born of its own composite atoms. I 
touched the stem of one lightly, but it fell at 
my touch, and a morsel of snow only remained 
In my hand.” 
Gathering some of the flowers in 6now, in or¬ 
der to preserve tho little diamond like seeds, he 
hied to 8t. Pctcrsburgh with, to him, the great¬ 
est prize of his life time. All through tho year 
they were kept In snow, and on the first day of 
tho year following the Court of 8t. Petersburg 
were delighted with the bursting forth of the 
wonderful “ frost flower 1” Our friends in Bos¬ 
ton succeeded in obtaining several of the seedey 
and all through the summer and autumn they 
have been imboded In snow brought at great ex¬ 
pense from the White Mountains and the coast 
of Labrador; and they now have the most on- 
hounded satisfaction ami pleasure In announcing 
that all signs are favorable to tho realization of 
their fondest hopes, the production of the “flow¬ 
er of buow.” The snow and lee arc In a large 
glass refrigerator, with the thermometer forty- 
flvo degrees below zero, and the solid bed of 
snow has already begun to show littlo flsures 
and a slight bulging lu the ceuter—unmistaka¬ 
ble evidences of the forthcoming of tho great 
phenomenon. 
■ ■ ■ »!♦-— — . 
SUNLIGHT ESSENTIAL TO GROWTH. 
In the Maryland Farmer, for October, is a 
communication on the influence of the sun on 
vegetable and animal growth. The first ex¬ 
periment made was with potatoes planted among 
shade trees which made a very good growth of 
tops but noj bottoms worth raising. The next 
be tried cabbages on the. same ground but failed 
to get a plant to head. This was nat ural enough 
us every farmer has observed tho same thing aa 
the result of shading vegetation. But this ex¬ 
perimenter went further than this and deduced 1 
the conclusion that. If sunlight is essential to 
vegetation It. must he equally so to the animal 
economy. Hence an experiment, with pigs shut 
up in a warm, dark place, was made with results 
corresponding to those lu the ease of tho potatoes 
and cabbages, showing that sunlight and proper 
circulation of air are as essential to the auiraa 
as to the vegetable economy. 
■ » * ♦ - ■ 
PEAR TREE-HOW TO FRUIT. 
A correspondent of the Wool Grower says: 
“ I will tell you of an experiment I tried to make 
a pear tree bear. About 23 years ago I planted 
a small pear tree of the Virgalicn variety. It is 
now a very large and elegant tree. Every spring 
it would be covered with blossoms, and just 
after the fruit, began to form, the Btem^would 
all fall off mid cover the ground. In the autumn 
of 1801 1 determined to try an experiment that 
should either kill or cure. The ground was dug 
away five or six feet around the trunk, and down 
to the roots. A Braall wagon load of clay was 
first put in and made into mortar; on the top oiT 
this I put a barrel of iron filings, and then over 
this a barrel of air-slaked lime, and the dirt was 
drawn back over the whole. Last year (1802) 
the tree blossomed as usual, a few of the weak¬ 
est stems fell off, but enough remained to load 
down the tree with luscious fruit.” 
1 - - 
Horticultural Notes and Queries, 
Fruit Insects.—H ovey’s Magazine, adverting to- 
the ravages committed upon fruit blossoms by tho 
deposition of the eggs of insects in them, says that 
sprinkling the branches with a mixture of vinegar 
anil water la reputed to be a certain preventive of 
these depredations. This should be applied as soon 
aa the blossoms make their appearance, in the pro¬ 
portions of one part of vinegar and nine of water, if 
the former be very strong. If not, add more vinegar, 
and, when well mixed, sprinkle the flower buds with 
a garden engine, syringe or a common watering pot 
with a line rose nozzle. This application basprovecL 
effective whenever tried. 
-> » . 
Wine in Wurtkmhubu.—I n this province of Ger¬ 
many are records of tho production of wine sdnee tho. 
ninth century, and there are annual records since tho 
14th century. These show conclusively that in every 
ten years there arc one extraordinary, thiec good, 
three medium, and three bad wine years. It Is con¬ 
sidered necessary to manurothc vine aud also renew 
it once In fifteen or twenty years. 
■ . ♦» - — 
Growing Currants for Market.—I n western- 
localities where tho currant worm is not prevalent 
this fruit is a profitable one for market. It bears, 
transportation for a long distance, and will not readi¬ 
ly injure by over-ripening. Tho good markets aro 
never “glutted,” and the yield per acre averages- 
from fifty to oue hundred bushels. 
— - - — - 
Use of Coax, Abheb.—(W. B.) Scattering the asheo- 
In the orchard or fruit garden, 1 b as good an applica¬ 
tion, perhaps, as can be made of them to the soil. 
We do not consider coal ashes extremely valuable a#- 
a manure or stimulant to the land. 
— ■«♦ ■ ■ — 
Apples in New Hampshire.—I t is said that the- 
apple harvest in New Hampshire is very much better 
than was anticipated. Parties from Massachusetts 
arc doing a large business in the purchase and ship¬ 
ment of this fruit to Boston and other Atlantic cities. 
■ - 
The Lake Buobb GuAns Growers’ Socxett has 
taken strong ground in favor or jure wines aruT 
against any and all tampering with the grape Juice. 
Gall’s methods are denounced, and legislation on 
1 the subject commended. 
