down to the close of life, and whatever counter¬ 
acts the short breathing, whatever promotes 
deeper inspirations is curative to that extent, in¬ 
evitably and under all circumstances. Let any 
person make the experiment by reading this 
page aloud, and in less than three minutes the 
instinct of a long breath will show itself. This 
reading aloud develops a weak voice and makes 
it sonorous. It has great efficiency, also, in 
making the tones clear and distinct, freeing 
them from that annoying hoarseness which the 
unaccustomed reader exhibits before he has 
gone over half a page, when he has to stop and 
clear away, to the confusion of himself as much 
as that of the subject. 
This loud reading, when properly done, has a 
great agency In Inducing vocal power, on the 
same principle that muscles are strengthened by 
exercise—those of voice-making organs being 
no exception to the general rule. Hence, in 
many cases, absolute silence diminishes the 
vocal power, just as the protracted non-use of 
the arm of the Hindoo devotee at length 
paralyzes it forever. The general plan. In ap¬ 
propriate cases, is to read aloud In a conversa¬ 
tional tone, thrice a day, for a minute or two, 
or three at a tune, Increasing a minute every 
other day, until half an hour is thus spent at a 
time, thrice a day, which is to be continued until 
the desired object is accomplished. Managed 
thus, there is safety and efficiency as a uniform 
result. 
As a means, then, of health, of averting con¬ 
sumption, of being social and entertaining in 
any company, as a means of showing the quality 
of the mind, let reading aloud be considered an 
accomplishment far more Indispensable than 
that of smattering French, or lisping Italian, or 
dancing cotillions, gallopades, polkas and qua¬ 
drilles .—HdWs Journal. 
A TURKISH LOVE AFFAIR. 
The modern laws of Cos do not reward female 
chastity, but they discountenance, iu a very sin¬ 
gular manner, any cruelty in females toward 
tbeir admirers. 
While Dr. Clarke was in that Island, an Instance 
occurred, in which the lata! termination of alovc 
affair occasioned a trial for what the Mohamme¬ 
dan lawyers called “homicide by an Intermedi¬ 
ate cause.” The case waa as follows,: 
A young man desperately iu love with a girl 
of Stanehio eagerly sought to marry her ; but 
his proposals were rejected. Iu consequence of 
his disappointment, ho bought some poison and 
destroyed himself. The Turkish police instant¬ 
ly arrested the father of the young woman as 
the cause, by implication, of the man’s death ; 
under the fifth species of homicide, he became, 
therefore, amenable for this suicide. 
When the cause came before the magistrate, 
it was urged literally by the accusers, that “ if 
he, the accused, had uot had a daughter, the de¬ 
ceased would not have fallen In love: conse¬ 
quently he would not have been disappointed; 
consequently he would not have swallowed poi¬ 
son ; consequently ho would not have died; bat 
he, the accused, had a daughter, and the deceased 
had fallen In love, and had been’ disappointed, 
and had swallowed poison, and had died.’ 
L pon all these counts he was called upon to 
pay the price of the young man’s life; and this 
being fixed at the sum of eighty piastres, It was 
accordingly exacted! 
A LOOK AT THE BOOK OF NATURE, 
The vegetable world is full of objects of Interest 
and beauty. Not only the bill oaks ami the pines, 
but even the mosses that grow under our feet, and 
bear their pretty, though little and unnoticed 
flowers, proclaim the wisdom and goodness of 
the Creator of all. What a beautiful field for 
Btudy and thought is here presented to the 
young. It is a book,— the great book of Na¬ 
ture,—and happy Is he who learns to read 
therein, and treasures up the Instruction he 
receives. Let ns look at two of the pages of 
this book: On one we find a little Moss, called 
the rear Shaped ATow, from some resemblance it 
bears to that fruit. 
■Written for Moore's Rural New-Yorker. 
THOROUGH INSTRUCTION. 
In the various departments of human knowl¬ 
edge there are certain facts and fundamental 
principles which constitute the basis of each 
subject presented for study and Investigation. 
A knowledge of these facts and principles is 
essentia] to a right and full understanding of the 
subject itself. It Is all Important that the 
teacher, whose business It is to aid bis pupils in 
acquiring a thorough knowledge of the various 
branches of study, should bear this constantly 
in tniod if he would have his labors as a teacher 
attended with complete Bnccess. At the outset, 
and at each successive step, the fundamental 
principle, or principles, underlying that part of 
the subject about to be Investigated, (for true 
study is carefal Investigation,) should be dis¬ 
tinctly set forth and dteelt upon till clearly appre¬ 
hended by the puplL 
Thus, in Arithmetic, after the pupil has learned 
bow to indicate a single thing or unit, two units, 
«fcc., up to nine, (by the use of nine different 
characters,) his attention should be directed to 
the method of indicating any succeeding num¬ 
ber of units— ten, eleven, &e.,— which is done, 
not by the use of still other characters, ( which 
would be a continuation of the same principles, 
namely, of representing any given number of 
units by a distinct character,) but by a modified 
use (so to speak,) of the nine characters first 
used — which is Introducing a new principle, 
namely, of making a two-fold use of one char¬ 
acter. In unfolding this secondary use of the 
same characters or fignres, let tho teacher dioell 
upon it, giving Illustrations aud explanations, 
am 11 . >i i 
GOING TO DI8TRICT SCHOOL, 
EMILY J, BUOBEE. 
Barefoot boy and little girl. 
She with rosy cheek and curls, 
His, a forehead brown with tan, 
Sturdy little farmer-man. 
Old straw hat, with broken rim, 
la tho least that troubles him, 
As the diuner-p»U he swings, 
Full of mother’s choicest things. 
nappy little pair are they, 
Chatting blithely on tho way, 
In the morning fresh and cool, 
Going to the district school. 
From tho shady farm-house door, 
Mother watches, till no more 
8ho can follow—out of sight 
They are gone, her heart’s delight. 
Can y»u see thorn sitting there, 
On the benches hard and bare, 
Tired feet swinging to and fro, 
Conning o’er the lessons low ? 
Sitting at the noon of school. 
By the gurgling streamlet oool, 
’Mong tho brakes and bending trees. 
Eating up tho broad and cheese! 
Or, with merry laugh and shout, 
When the boys and girls go out, 
Books and pencils cast away, 
See them jump, and swing, and play. 
Hark I the forulo on the pane, 
Rap, and rap, und rap again, 
Rushing In with cheeks aglow, 
Half reluctantly they go. 
Glide the busy hoars sway, 
’Till the warm aim’s wostoriug ray 
SlantH across the open door, 
Aud tho hours of school are o’er. 
Happy, healthy girl and boy, 
Full of simple, careless joy, 
Free from tyrant fashion’s rule, 
Going to the district school. 
In the busy noon of life, 
’Mid ltM restless fever strife. 
As your pathways shall divide, 
From the roof-tree waudotlng wide, 
Memories of these morning hours. 
Song of birds, and scent of flowers, 
Bleat of larabB, and song of rill, 
Will come sweetly o’er yon still. 
And your thoughts go yearning back, 
O’er that simple childhood track. 
When tho longest road you knew, 
Was tho one that led you to 
The school-house, just a mile away, 
Where the birch aud rule held sway. 
t Little Corporal, 
A TRUE GENTLEMAN, 
He is above a mean thing. He cannot stoop 
to a mean fraud. He invades no secret in the 
keeping of another. Ho takes selfish advantage 
of no man’s mistakes. He is ashamed of inn- 
endoes. He uses no ignoble weapons in contro¬ 
versy. He never stabs in the dark. He is not 
one thing to a man’s face and another to his 
back. If by accident he comes into posses¬ 
sion of his neighbor's counsels, he passes 
upon them Instant oblivion. Fie bears scaled 
packages without tampering with the wax. 
Papers not meant for his eye, whether they 
flutter in at his window or lie open before him 
In unregarded exposure, are sacred to him. 
He profanes no privacy of others, however the 
sentry sleeps. Bolts and bars, locks and keys, 
bonds and securities, notice to trespassers, are 
not for him. He may bo trusted out of sight — 
near the thinnest partition—any where. He buys 
no office, he sella none, intrigues for none. He 
would rather fail of bis rights than win them 
through dishonor. He will eat honest bread, 
lie tramples on no sensitive feeling. Ho lnsulta 
no mau. If he has a rebuke for another, he Is 
straight-forward, open aud manly. He cannot 
descend to scurrility. Billingsgate don’t lie on 
till the pupil distinctly apprehends what is meaut 
by the absolute and relative value of figures. The 
teacher wUl find by so dokig that the pupil’s 
progress in the fudamental rules that follow will 
be greatly facilitated. And when Compound 
Numbers are reached bat a word of explanation 
will be needed, Bince In principle they differ 
nothing from the operations of Simple Numbers. 
The same is true of Fractions,— when the fun¬ 
damental principles are clearly unfolded, the 
successive steps are plain and easy. So, too, 
with Decimal Fractions, when their distinguish¬ 
ing principle is understood, or with Problems 
in Interest, when the relations of the Principal, 
Time and Rate are distinctly marked. And so on. 
In like manner, in Geography, a few words of 
explanation and Illustration respecting the rev¬ 
olution of a ball In space, will enable the pupil 
to understand what determines the direction of 
the Earth’s axis and the position of the Polos; 
or a statement of the principles of Inertia and 
Gravitation, (which, with care, may be properly 
made to quite young pupils,) will enablo the 
pupil to understand the relation of the earth to 
the heavenly bodies, and so forth. 
The same la true of Grammar. Say to the 
pupil that words are used for different purposes 
QUEEN VICTORIA’S CROWN. 
The Imperial State Crown of Queen Victoria 
was made by Messrs. Rundell & Bridged, in the 
year 183S, with jewels taken from old crowns, 
and others furnished by command of her Ma¬ 
jesty.' It consists of diamonds, pearly rabies, 
sapphires and emeralds, set in silver and gold; 
It has a crimson velvet cap, with ermine border, 
and is lined with white silk. Its gross weight is 
thirty-nine ounces and five pwt., Troy. The 
lower part of the band, above the ermine bor¬ 
der, consists of a row of one hundred and 
twenty-nine pearls, and the upper part of the 
band a row of one hundred and twelve pearls, 
between which, in front of the crown, Is a large 
sapphire, (partly drilled) purchased for the 
crown by King George the Fourth. At the 
back is a sapphire of smaller Bize, and six other 
sapphires, (three on each side) between which 
arc eight emeralds. Above and below the seven 
sapphires are fourteen diamonds, and around 
the eight emeralds one handred and twenty-eight 
diamonds " 
The engraving Is made from a specimen highly 
magnified. It Is found growing In shady places, 
where limestone rocks abound. On these rocks 
wherever a little dust has bio wn the mosses spring 
up and grow, aud decay, and their decay adds to 
tho soil, and then up springs another plant, 
which could not live but for this addition to the 
soil. This also dies, adding more to the soil, and 
In its place springs up the little plant, aud then 
tho shrub, aud then the tree. Iu this way soil is 
formed and made fit for the garden, In what 
but for the aid of the little mosses and plants, 
would have remained a barren rock. Rain and 
time aids In this work. 
Now let us turn over several pages, and look 
at tb eJloyal Palmetto, a tree found in the Tropics, 
and described by Mr. Baud in his Adventures oti 
the Mosquito Coast. 
Written for Moore’s Rural Now- Yorker. 
PERSONAL ENERGY. 
The vigorous growth of our nation has been 
mainly tho result of tho free industrial energy 
of individuals. And while this spirit of active 
industry has been the vital principle of the 
nation, It has alHO been Its saving aud remedial 
one, counteracting from time to time the errors 
in our laws,—hence the abolitions arid the dfa- 
enactments and all other reforms. 
Never did sudden calamity more severely test 
the individual pluck, endurance, and energy of 
a people, than did tho recent outbreak of the 
Southern rebellion, but It only served to bring 
out the unflinching self-reliance and dormant 
heroism of the American race. In that terrible 
trial all proved almost equally great,—woman, 
civilian, and soldier,—from the general down 
through all grades to the private and buglewan. 
The men were not picked; they belonged to 
the same every-day people whom wo dally meet 
at home—on the streets, in workshops, In the 
fields; yet when sudden disaster fell upon 
them, each and all displayed a wealth of per¬ 
sonal energy. It was personal energy that lifted 
Grant from tho humble and obscure position 
of clerk In a leather store to that of General in 
the American Army. It was personal energy 
that cheered Sherman on through his dark 
and bloody march to the sea. It waa personal' 
A GENER0U8 OFFICER, 
Between the emeralds and sapphires 
are sixty trefoil ornaments, containing one hun¬ 
dred and sixty diamonds., Above the baud are 
eight sapphires Burmountod by eight diamonds, 
between which are eight festoous, consisting of 
one hundred and forty-eight diamonds. In front 
of the crown, and in the center of a diamond 
Maltese cross, is the famous ruby Bald to have 
been given to Edward the Black Prince, by Don 
Pedro; King of Castile, after the battle of Na¬ 
jera, A. D., 13(17. This ruby was worn in the 
helmet of Henry the Fifth at tho battle of A gin - 
court, A. D. 1415. 
It is pierced quite through, after the Eastern 
custom, the upper part of the piercing being 
filled by a small ruby. Around this ruby, to 
form the cross, are seventy-five brilliant dia¬ 
monds. Three other Maltese crosses, forming 
the two sides and back of the crown, have emer¬ 
ald centers, and contain respectively one huu 
dredand twenty-four and one hundred and thirty 
brilliant diamonds. Between tho four Maltese 
crosses are four ornaments ia the form of a 
French fleur-de-lis , with four rabies in the cen¬ 
ters, and surrounded by rose diamonds, contain¬ 
ing respectively eighty-six and eighty-seven rose 
diamonds. From the Maltese crosses issue four 
At a review on the Champs de Mars of 
Algiers, a private Incurred a just punishment 
for disrespectful language to his Colonel. One 
year later he was doing duty as a sentinel at an 
outpost at, Kabylia! The Colonel, now General 
and commanding officer of the district, rode 
slowly by. It was twilight. A ball whizzed within 
a few Inches of him, but lodged In a tree. The 
General rode straight up to the sentinel, who 
fell ou his knees and prayed for morcy. “Si¬ 
lence,” was his reply, “they are coming; you 
will be lost.” The patroling party, having heard 
the shot, came up while he was speaking. “ It’s 
nothing,” said the general; “I was trying the 
new cartouches; I fancied tlfey might be damp.” 
The culprit Is at this moment valet to the wor¬ 
thy General, and wears the ball which he ex¬ 
tracted from the tree constantly round his neck, 
only so roughened as to cause a constant irrita¬ 
tion of the skin, which, ho says, reminds him of 
his attempted crime and of his General’s 
mercy. 
Increase or Nations.— The rate at which 
the population increases in various countries is 
shown in official returns lately issued. In 
Great Britain in the year 1862, a living child was 
bom to every 118 persons; in France, (1861,) 
only one child to every 37 persons; Austria, 
(1862,) one to every 42; Prussia, (I860,) one to 
every 85; Belgium, (1861,) one to every 32; 
Sweden, (1850,1 one to every 29; Denmark and 
the Duchies, (1869.) one to every 31; Bavaria, 
(1861,) one to every 29; Hanover, (1861,) one to 
every 31; 8pain and Balearic Islands, (1861,) one 
to every 25; Greece, (1860, one to every 35; 
Chill, (1862,) one to every 24. 
tho arches and acorns fa one hundred and eight 
brilliants; one hundred and sixteen table, and 
five hundred and fifty-nine ro3e diamonds. From 
the upper part of the arches are suspended four 
large pendant pear-shaped pearls with rose dia¬ 
mond capB, containing twelve rose diamonds, 
and stem3 containing twenty-four very small 
diamonds. Above the arch stands the mouud, 
containing in the lower hemisphere three hun¬ 
dred and four brilliants, and in the upper two 
handred and forty-four brilliants; the zone and 
arc being composed of thirty-three rose dia¬ 
monds. The cross on the summit has a roso-cut 
sapphire in the center, surrounded by four large 
brilliants and one hundred and eight smaller 
brilliants. Summary of jewels comprised in the 
crown:—1 large ruby, irregularly polished; 1 
large broad-spread sapphire; 16 sapphires; II 
emeralds; 4 rubles; 1,363 brilliant diamonds; 
1,273 rose diamonds; 147 table diamonds; 4 
drop-shaped pearls; 273 pearls. 
It grows to a great height, often over 150 feet, 
standing straight, like a liberty pole, and yet fa not 
thicker than a man’s thigh. Few trees can equal 
it in height or beauty. The trunk tapers nearly 
to the top, where it has a ero wn of leaves. It is 
sometimes called the Mountain Cabbage, because 
the part which is eaten ia supposed to resemble 
that vegetable in flavor. This cabbage part con¬ 
stitutes the crown of tho trunk, and looks very 
much like a vaso. From the very center of this 
natural vaso rises a tali, yellowish qxttha, or 
sheath, terminating in a Bharp point. At the 
bottom of this, and inclosed in the natural vase, 
is found a tender white core, or heart, varying 
in size with the dimensions of the tree, but 
usually eight or ten inches in circumference. 
This may be eaten raw, as a salad, or If preferred, 
fried or boiled. In taste it resembles an arti¬ 
choke rather than a cabbage. The Indians 
cllrnb this palm, and dexterously inserting their 
knives, contrive to obtain the edible part with¬ 
out destroying tho tree Itself. This is very curi¬ 
ous, but we have many things in oar fields, 
and hedges, and woods, just as curious as this, 
which we can find by searching for. 
Indelible Pencil Writing.—A great many 
valuable letters and other writings are written 
in pencil. The fuUowing simple process will 
make lead pencil writing or drawing as indelible 
as if done with ink:—Lay the writing in a shal¬ 
low dish, and pour skimmed milk upon it. Any 
spots not wet at first may have the milk placed 
upon them lightly with a feather. When the 
paper fa all over with the milk, take it up and 
let the milk drain off, and wipe off with the 
feather tho drops which collect on the lower 
edge. Dry it carefully, and it will be found to 
be perfectly indelible. It cannot be removed 
even with India rubber. 
READ ALOUD 
Reading aloud fa one of those exercises which 
combine mental and muscular effort, and hence 
has a double advantage. To read aloud well, a per¬ 
son should not only understand the subject, bat 
should hear his own voice, and feci within him 
that every syllable waa distinctly enunciated 
while there fa an instinct presiding which modu¬ 
lates the voice to the number and distance of 
the hearers. Every public speaker ought to he 
able to tell whether he fa distinctly heard by the 
furthest listener in tho room; if he fa not able 
to do so, it is from a want of proper judgment, 
and observation. 
Reading aloud helps to develop the lungs jnst 
as singing does, if properly performed? The 
effect fa to induce the drawing of a long breath 
every once in a while, oftener and deeper than 
of reading without enunciating. These deen 
inhalations never fail to develop the capacity of 
the lungs indirect proportion to their practice. 
C ommon consumption begins uniformly with 
imperfect, insufficient breathing; it fa the char¬ 
acteristic of the disease that the breath becomes 
Bhorter and shorter through weary months, 
A Mechanical Horse.— A sensation has been 
excited in Faria by an announcement that Mr. 
Aspic of Cincinnati, has jnst invented a mechan¬ 
ical horse that fa likely completely, to set aside 
the employment of its predecessors. Mr. Aspic’s 
horse is of the size of nature, and acts by a aeries 
of springs, enabling the rider to walk, trot, am¬ 
ble or gallop at will The “ dumb animal,” it is 
said, can twist itself about, move its eyes, prick 
up its ears, and even neigh, if winked at! The 
only obstacle to the acquisition of such a steed, 
that will require neither hay, nor com, nor straw, 
nor groom, fa its high price — upwards of $10,000.' 
I think after all, that the India-rubber kind 
of virtue, that will bend and stretch, just a lit¬ 
tle, und then fly right back to its place, fa Bafer 
than the icicle virtue, that is pretty sure to 
melt, unless yon keep it on the north side of the 
barn all the time; and when it once melts, that 
fa the last of it.— Beecher. 
The chief art of learning fa to attempt but 
little at a time. The widest excursions of the 
mind are made by short flights, frequently re¬ 
peated ; the moSt lofty sciences are formed by 
the continued accumulation of single proposi¬ 
tions.— Locke. 
__Dbbt 3 : — Never associate with a person that 
don’t pay hfa"debts. £IfJa fellow won’t pay, his 
company won’t. 
TnE leaves that least becomes a warrior’s 
brow are leaves of absence. 
