Horticultural Notes and Queries 
ruined tlio vitality of the vine, and rendered it 
liable to all sorts of disorders. He thought 
viues rambling wild over fences or trees were 
not so liable to overbear as those trimmed and 
trained to trellises In the usual way. 
Mr. Lorin Blodgett had made the climate 
of the United States a special study, and also, 
somewhat, with reference to its inilttence on 
the grape-vine. He believed the failure of the 
grape wero chiefly owing to eiimatle cutises. 
The climate at. the west end of Lake Erie he 
had found to be about the most favorable in the 
Union for the succe.-s of the grape; yet, even 
here, success was by no means uniform. On an 
average, the general grape crop of the United 
States was a success one year out. of three, yet 
it had been found that one full Crop iu three 
was a very profitable investment. He was sure 
that the best results would ensue where the 
vines wero frequently renewed—as young vines 
had more natural vigor to resist depressing 
influences than older plants. 
fill the box with cold water, after the bottlea 
have been placed in it, and apply beat —gentlo 
at first, and continue until tbo water has boiled 
tor a considerable length of time, and until the 
cider Is quite hot iu the bottles ; then, cork and 
seal tightly. 
llie elder I use for this purpose 1 make late 
in the season, so that it can stand long enough 
(without fermenting) for the pummace to settle, 
and for it to become perfectly clear. By thus 
putting up cider or wine In a water bath, it 
does cot come in cautact with a heated anrface, 
UDd consequently you will have no taste of 
boiled cider or wine, which is the main item 
iu ibis kiud of delicacy. I have kept both wine 
and cider, put up in this way, lor yeara. It im¬ 
proves with age, becomes quite clear, and might 
bo mistaken iu appearance for the finest dis¬ 
tilled liquor—but in taste excells anything in 
delicacy and richness I have ever tested. Being 
perfectly free from alcoholic principle, it may 
be taken by the most fastidiously temperate, 
without, tarnishing in the least their highest 
ideas of temperance. It is a tine beverage for 
the convalescent, being as nutriciouB as milk. 
In putting up elder in this way I have used 
gallon and two gallon stone Jugs instead of 
glass bottles, and a common dinner pot for 
the water bath Instead of the box described 
above. H. Anger. 
Loganeport, Ind., Dec., 1866. 
the presence of decaying organic remains in the 
soii does not, in the slightest degree, prevent or 
arrest its exhaustion by cultivation, it is impos¬ 
sible that an increase of those substances can 
restore the lost capacity of a field for produc¬ 
tion. The decline of fertility was In proportion 
to the remoetol of mineral conetitomt# ; the renewal 
of productiveness is in proportion to their resto¬ 
ration. * * * The action of farm-yard ma¬ 
nure most undoubtedly depends upon the incom¬ 
bustible ash-constituents of the plants which it 
contains.” 
It is not difficult to understand how a crop of 
clover, if it be removed, may possibly better the 
condition of the soil for the growth of a succeed¬ 
ing cereal, yet, on the whole, impoverish the 
field. The clover roots draw their ash-constitu- 
eutB mainly from the Bubsoil; by the decay of 
the roots and stnbble when the field is plowed, 
the top soil may be enriched in those mineral 
substances, and thus its coudBiou improved for 
a grain crop. But this nutriment for the cereal 
is not added to the stock which the soil previ¬ 
ously possessed; it is simply transferred by the 
action of the clover roots, from the deep to the 
surface layers of arable soiL As the subBoil is 
not inexhaustible In fertility, this process is, on 
the whole, impoverishing to the land, though 
beneficial to the immediate crop. 
We assure “ F. G.” that, no remark in our 
comments on his farmer article was an “over¬ 
sight,” as he terms it, but the result of careful 
consideration. We commend both to him and 
to those who may be disposed to support his 
position, a broader view of the subject under 
discussion, and a closer study of the funda¬ 
mental principles of Agriculture which Science 
has established. 
Tub Ohio Pumolooical Society. — Tho four¬ 
teenth Annual Meeting of this Society was held 
at Zanesville, Dec. -tth—Ctb. It was well attend¬ 
ed, especially by lha apple growers ami nureery- 
men of that eectlou of tho State, many of whom had 
seldom or never been present at a meeting of tho 
kind before. The display of apples on tho tables 
was remarkably tine, embracing not less than 400 
plates and 150 distinct, varieties. Delegates wero 
present from Indiana Pennsylvania and Now York. 
An address of welcome was delivered by Rev. O, 
Springer or Zanesville, followed by tlie Annual Ad. 
dress of Brcsul.mr War deb. Much discussion was 
had o:t Apples, nf thdl region has long been noted for 
this liuit.; also on Grapes, especially the lima, the 
vines Of which have not succeeded very well, thus 
far, in Ouiral and Southern Ohio. Pears, Black¬ 
berries, Raspberries and Strawberries were also 
discussed; and there was considerable talk and 
speculation on blight, mildew, &c., but as usual 
without any definite results. 
The next Annual Meeting of the Society is ap¬ 
pointed to be held at Sandusky; and it is expected 
that one or more summer meetings will be held 
under the auspices of the Committee ad interim. The 
Annual Report of tho Society will shortly be pub¬ 
lished and sent to the members. Persons wishing 
their names to be enrolled as such, have only to remit 
the fee, $1, to the Secretary. Tho following are the 
officers elected for 1867: 
PreHdmt — Dr. J. A. Warder, Cincinnati. Vice 
President—Guo. W. Car it.ki.l, Delaware. Secretary 
and Treasurer— M. B. Batbiiam, Painesvllle. Com¬ 
mittee— Wm. (Waver, Cincinnati; J. Austin Scott, 
Toledo; A. B. Buttles, Columbus; N. L. Wood, 
Smithlield, 
CLOVER IN THE ORCHARD—AGAIN 
having raised clover for a series of years for the 
seed. The ground al ways turns up mellow, and 
the succeeding crop is an improvement on the 
crops immediately preceding tho clover. This 
may be from some other cause than the long 
and abundant tap-roots which enrich the soil,— 
and which, if the strength is derived from the 
atmosphere more largely than from the soil, are 
sufficient evidence in favor of the proposition 
that clover is a benefit to land, even if the crop 
be removed, the roots alone fertilizing the 
ground. And I think it can be from no other 
cause (to an appreciable extent,) that the ground 
is thus enriched, as the roots, large in them¬ 
selves and thickly set—as is required for seed— 
are alone sufficient to account for 1L 
The whole thing then is depending upon this 
one point: How much is taken from the atmos¬ 
phere? The writer holds that more goes to the 
roots from the atmosphere than from the soil, 
including all that the soil gives to the whole 
plant, else there would not be that effect which 
we see here yearly, the laud being constantly 
improved by the use of clover, seed being 
largely engaged in. 
Your remark that “ the roots do not carry 
down food to the subsoil and thereby enrich It, 
hut they draw substance from it to sustain the 
growth of the plant, and thereby impoverish 
it,” must have been an oversight, as you must 
he aware that the entire plant, roots aud all, is 
subject to the same growth, else the root would 
have to grow Itself Independent of the stem 
and leaves. 
The strength then must go down to the roots 
(as it does in the cambium,) to form them, aud 
there become lood for the soil when they rot. 
The stem alone does not take from the atmos¬ 
phere, the roots also do the 6ame, as the air 
comes in contact with them through the poros¬ 
ity of the soil, so that the whole plant absorbs 
from the air. The root however takes it through 
the medium of water. v. a. 
Remarks. —The main Issue between “ F. G.” 
DESIGN FOR A GARDEN OF ONE-FOURTH 
OF AN ACRE. 
Motto.— Best goods and full weights is D. B. 
De Land & Co.’s motto, hence they only recoin 
mend Best Chemical Saleratut, 
Bkaetiful Leaved Plants,—'T his Is the title of a 
very handsome Horticultural work which we have 
Just received from Mosers. Scribner, WSLjroilD & 
Co., New York. It Is published In London, and this 
firm have imported a limited number of copies whtch 
they offer to send by mail or express, ch»rgt)S paid, 
on the receipt of nine dollars each. This price is 
reasonable when the beauty and cost of the work are 
considered. As a present in a lady, or horticultural 
trlend, wo know of no book more desirable and ap¬ 
propriate. It treats of beautiful leaved plants, being 
a practical history of the choicest species now culti¬ 
vated In this l ac uniting branch of Horticulture. 
Leaving off the Catalogue at the cud of the work, of 
species not illustrated, and It contains 1*0 pages of 
reading matter. Jnterepcrsed through theso arc 
fixt.y magnificently colored plates aud numerous line 
wood engravings. These colored plates, by their 
beauty and fidelity to nature, will very well supply to 
the eye the place of living plants. Tho history, di 
ructions for cultivation, and descriptions, aru written 
with scientific accurateness, yet In a stylo sufficiently 
popular to bo pleasing and readily understood. Wo 
will furnish tho book at the price above named. 
Horticultural Advertisements 
ITU) SMALL FRUIT CULTIIIIIKTH.-Scnd 
A for specimen copy of fluuimonion LuRurlHC K. 
MATLACK, Publisher,904 Market St„ Philadelphia, PaJ 
PENNSYLVANIA HORTICULTURAL SOC’Y 
IC'K’S ILLUSTIIATIil) CATALOGUE 
This Society had a discussional meeting on 
the 6th of November, from a report of which, 
in the Gardener’s Monthly, wo make some ex¬ 
tracts : 
Mr. Meehan said lie did not think soil, aspect, 
winds, insects, or any of the reasons usually ad¬ 
vanced to account for failures in grape growing 
were satisfactory. He attached very little im- 
In every 
Is now published. It contains nearly 100 pages, 100fine 
illustrations on wood of 
CHOICE FLOWERS AND VEGETABLES, 
AND 
A BEAUTIFUL COLORED FLOWER PLATE, 
for frontispiece. Also, descriptions of tho Finest 
Plow bus and Vboktaulkh grown, with full and plain 
d trecil ona for cu lure. 
E iT~ Sent to nil who desire, postage paid, for 15 cents - 
not hall the cost. Sent free to all my Customers of lSOfl 
without being ordered. Address 
JAM MS VICK, Rochester, N. Y. 
portance to mere soil or situation 
part of the United States, and in every soi),— i 
even in almost iinpasBablo swamp?, as well ( 
as on mountain sides,—wild grapes grow vigor- i 
ons and healthy, and bore fruit abundantly. < 
The trouble, whatever It might be, must, there- i 
fore, be in some way connected with the treat- i 
ment or management of the vine, i 
Mr. J. E. Mitchell believed it essential to 
successful outdoor culture that the air should I 
be, to some extent, moist. Why could we not 1 
glow the foreign vine in the open air V Simply 
because the moist air of the vinery, where they 
succeeded so well, was wanting in our dry cli¬ 
mate. He had a vineyard eleven years old, 
from which he never lmd a satisfactory crop; 
while his seven year old cold grapery never 
failed. Mr. Kern’s vineyard on the Schuylkill, 
which, last year, was so famous for its enormous 
crop, was, this year, almost a failure. 
Mr. Meehan said the fact that Mr. Kern bad 
once got an enormous crop from his viues was 
sufficient to prove that there could not be any 
thing In Boil, situation or aspect radically un¬ 
favorable to grape calture. He had seen these 
vines, and though they were a bud failure, there 
were wild gTapee In the woods and on the trees 
close by, models of health and productiveness. 
If the cultivated ones failed, and the wild ones 
succeeded, it seemed but logical to look to 
some error in cultivation, and not to any im¬ 
possibility. There must be 6ome reason why 
grapes growing over trees should do better than 
those over trelliBCB. 
Mr. A. W. Harrison said he had proved, ex¬ 
perimentally, that grapes under glass revelled 
in Buulight, provided the air waB sufficiently 
moist. He thought that some unfavorable con¬ 
dition of the soil was the reason for many fail¬ 
ures. Grapes usually throve well in volcanic 
soils, and an absence of sulphnr in the soil 
might weaken their vitality. A slight tint of 
sulphur in the Boil and atmosphere might be a 
benefit; again, the grape naturally preferred 
mountain slopes, indicating the value of under- 
draining. 
Mr. Meehan hoped gentlemen would not lose 
sight of the fact that wild gTapes over trceB and 
bushes did well where none of the supposed 
essentiala of successful cultivation existed. The 
sulphurous air of Pittsburg did not prevent fail¬ 
ures there; and as for underdraining he cquld 
take friends to the swamps in the State of Dela¬ 
ware and show them wild grapes as large ns Isa¬ 
bellas, and black as jet, rambling over trees iu 
places go wet that one could hardly get to the 
viues. What could climate, or soil, or aspect 
do that one-half a vine should not do well, 
while the other half should succeed on the 
the amount of these ash-constituents in the tree ? Clearly it was owing to some circum- 
soil is the measure of its fertility. We will stances connecting the vine and the tree which 
quote several extracts bearing on this subject did not exist between the vine and the trellis, 
from “ The Natural Laws of Husbandry,” by He then attempted to account for it on philo- 
Liebio:— “A simple law of nature regulates eophical principles, in connection with the 
the permanenee of agricultural produce. If the nature and office of tendrils, in some length- 
amouut of produce is in proportion to the sur- ened remarks, for which we have no room 
face presented by the sum total of nutritive here. 
substances, in the soil, the permanence of the Mr. Thos. P. James remarked that if Mr. 
crops will depend upon the maintenance of Meehan’s views were correct, the vine might 
that proportion. This law of compensation, be grown to great perfection by strewing brush- 
the replacement of nutritive substances which wood over the ground and letting the vine run 
the crops have carried away from the soil, is over It. He thought, however, Mr. M.’s theory 
the foundaaion of all rational husbandry, and scarcely consistent with 6ome of the facts he 
must, above all things, be kept in view by the himself had brought up to sustaiu it. 
practical farmer. * * * Every field contains Mr. Quarles H. Miller said it must not be 
a maximum of one or several, and a minimum of forgotten that, however managers of rints under 
one or several, other nutritive substances. It glass might disagree about other things, there 
is by the minimum that the crops are governed, was always great care taken to prevent om-- 
be it lime, potash, nitrogen, phosphric acid, cropping. In the open air this was very rarely 
magnesia, or any other mineral constituent, it cared for. In fact, the idea 6eemed to be to 
regulates and determines the amount or con- trim so as to get very vigorous wood, which, 
tinuance of the crops. * * * Since, then, in turn, produced an enormoas crop, which 
ILLUSTRATED. 
We shall commence with tlio corn In 2 year the publica¬ 
tion of an illustrat' d Monthly Magazinedevoted to Hor¬ 
ticulture. For a lope time the demand ban beau felt. lor a 
Journal In tlda department, of high lone and liberal ideas, 
employing not only tbo best talent in America, but tlm 
induction hr nil Unit It* rood liom the Eng'lBh, French, 
German and other foreign works. Thl« demand wo do- 
iilgn to aupply. A glance al the list of uumea which wo 
prcKcnt oh among itn contributors, will Ktvn u»niuance 
that our columns will be tlll«a with valuable matter. 
Liai of Contributor. 
Hammatt Billings, Jo*epb Brock, 
K A UraCkett, 1* Harry, 
Henry Ward Beecher, O N Brackett, 
B K Bill's, K W Busy ell, 
jj M Haleb, Fearing Bntr, 
P M Copeland, It A Dreer. 
Goo Davenport, Francis I* Denny, 
John Kills, Andrew 8 Fuller, 
Charles I. Flint, Ale/. Hyde, 
I'dler Henderson, J F t; Hyde, Pres Mass Hort 
J)r J T Rutland, Dr Geo It Luring, l-Soo'y, 
,1 M Merrick, jr. U G Mitchell, (Ik Marvel,) 
Francis Parkman, S B Parsons, 
r H Parsons, R H Rand, Jr, 
Joint L Bussell, K B Rogers, 
Boion Robinson, O J Sprague, 
W CStrong, Wni Saunders, 
Ed A Bnmiiels, Gregory F Sanborn, 
Samuel H Smolder, James Vick, 
UeoUWairen.Jr. win Webster, 
Also a boat of occasional writers. 
H Is quite Iniposilble to give a lull Hat of contributors. 
Wcare receiving additions dally, and from all parts of 
the country come letters from our best cultiuisis offer¬ 
ing encouragement anu asslstauee In support of tbo eu- 
ternrlee Which all led the need Of to much. 
An Important and novel feature of tint Magazine will 
be the department, of Floriculture. Receiving contri¬ 
butions from all of the known talent la America, with 
copious extracts from the best foreign works, it will be 
an Encyclopedia oi Floriculture, To i)t> lady who hsn 
only a window for her garden, or tlm front of a city resi 
cletics, as well as to the proprietor of the largest garden 
and zrcrn-lnuom.lt will DO a uecessaiy companion aud 
guide livery novelty introduced will receive proper 
attention In our columns. Wo lave secured thehcrvle.ea 
or Hammatt Billings, who will turnlaU a series of article* 
accompanied by designs from Ills pencil cm "Koral 
Architecture." 
The subscription price will be SffOO per annum, so that 
It limy In*, w Hutu tho rearm of all who desire such a work 
Each number of the Magazine will contain M pagesof 
reading matter, Including Hlrntratlons. 
Tims it will be seen uiul lor three ilollais we. giro 
nearly eight hundred octavo pages ot Illustrated Horti¬ 
cultural matter. *el Cted ironi ibu best the country cau 
produce. The January number Is now r, ndy. 
TERMS—Three dollars pur hud um,strictly in udvonce. 
Liberal terms will bn made, wuli those desiring to form 
clubs, or to act us agents til enlisting subscribers. Bam- 
pin numbers stmt bv null on receipt ui 30 cuuu. 
Agents wanted In every city and town In the country. 
J. E. TILTON eV CO., Publishers, 
lrd w »-nisu'fos ;-:i., Bos ton, Ma*s-_ 
mtHE AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL MONTHLY 
DBVOTKI1 TO 
POPULAR INSTRUCTION ANU LITERATURE. 
Contents foe January. 1HK7.-I. School and Teachers 
in uonnauy, with a iivelv Illustration " The German 
Schoolmaster on Hay Day" 11.-'Ob,'; Hord. a Story of 
A BATCH OF GOOD RECIPES, 
Mrs. J. M. I., of Adrian, Mich., sends us 
the following recipes, which she avers she bus 
tried and knows to be good. If she baa any 
more of the “ same sort,” we trust she will 
forward them for the benefit of Rural readers: 
Ginger Snaps.— One cup of molasses, ^ cup 
6ugar, X ffflp butter, cup warm water; the 
butter melted with It, and 1 teaspoon soda 
dissolved in it; 2 tablespoons ginger, Hour to 
make stiff; roll thin and bake moderately. 
Jelly Cake. -One-half cup butter, 2 cups 
sugar, 1 cup sweet milk, 2 eggs, 2 teaspoons I 
cream taitar, I teaspoon soda; mix a little Btlff, 
and bake thin. When cold spread with jelly; 
roll it up or leave in square cakes. 
Marble Cake.— For the White Cake.—One 
cup butter, 3 cups white 6Ugar, 5 cups flour, 
K cup sweet milk, teaspoon soda, whiteB of 
ii.egga; flavor with lemon. 
For Hie Bark Cake.— One cup butter, 2 cups 
brown sugar, 1 cup molasses, 1 cup sour milk, 
1 teaspoon soda, *1 cups flour, yolks of 9 eggs, 
spices of all sorts. Put iu panB first a layer of 
dark cake, then a layer of white, and bo on, 
finishing with a layer of dark. Bake in a hot 
oven. 
8gotch Cake.— Two lbB. sugar, \]4 of butter, 
1 y x of flour, 4 eggs, 2 nutmegs. 
'AjSBfoS- C/C&U&Z 
This design represents a small lawn in front, 
and on one side of the dwelling with one oval 
and two circular beds for flowers; in the rear of 
the dwelling is a small yard. Adjoining this 
and the lawn is a email garden screened by a 
hedge, with a group of flower beds in the center 
and a border all around, which may be used for 
strawberries, currants, raspberries, and a little 
early salad. To attempt anything more with a 
place of this dimensions, except to add a few 
shrubs with an evergreen hedge around the 
boundary, would be to overdo; hence, in laying 
out a small place it is better to plant sparingly 
and add a little as it becomes necessary. 
Rochester, Dec., 1866. Wm. Webster. 
BARBERRY HEDGE 
The “Community” at Oneida, N. Y., and Wall¬ 
ingford, Conn., have Barberry Hedges which 
are completely successful. Two years more are 
inquired for their growth than the Osage Or¬ 
ange, but they will live where the Osage always 
winter-kills. To grow the plants, sow in rows 
in well prepared and rich soil, cultivate aud keep 
cleau ; the uext spring transplant lor the hedge 
six inches apart in one row, or iu two rows eight 
Inches apart, so that in one the plants are oppo¬ 
site a vacancy. They have fewer enemies and 
more chances than the Osage in winter. The 
fruit is beautiful, and it is good lor tarts and 
jellies. In many Eastern States, the seed is 
abundant; the labor of getting it out of the 
pulp is a mere trifle. To get the seed from the 
Orange is extremely vexatious; even a machine 
is required. Farmers should uot fall to exam¬ 
ine this subject.— Me. 
TO BOTTLE CIDER AND KEEP IT SWEET 
Dear Rural: — In a late number of the 
Rural J notice a call for information on the 
subject of putting up cider in bottles and keep¬ 
ing it as sweet and fre»h as we do canned fruit 
Inasmuch as I have practiced this for eight or 
ten years past, I may be able to throw some 
light upon the subject. 
In tbe first places I had a tin box made, six or 
eight inches deep, and large enough to cover 
the entire top of my cooking stove. After the 
cider is bottled 1 place it in the box; you must, 
however, have a board to cover the entire bot¬ 
tom of the box, on which the bottlea must rest, 
or they will heat too suddenly and burst. Then 
^N ELEGANT AND INSTRUCTIVE WORK. 
BEAUTIFUL LEAVED PLANTS. 
Bcinc h description oi the moat Beautiful Leaved Pinnti 
in Ciiitlvtttlnn. *i will' b >» added anex'ended Catalogue. 
By E J t own, EeQ-, F, It. A. 8., Ac., &c.; aatUted by W. 
HOWABD, K.H 8. Il.tnorn'eil tiy 
SIXTY 8UPERI0R COLORED PLATES, 
Very beanttttill) executed. Doe Volume, Octavo, cloth, 
ext a jrL t and vlb edges Ft ice, f O. 
, 654 Broadway, New York. 
H W, A (X)., have a >o on iiaud a great variety of 
tural World, and H umlnrd Books, la tine 
Lind ua*. aa well im their aana' cxtcu.lve aaortmeutof 
illustrated Works sattahia tor UiaHolidays. CaUlornes 
furnished on application. SCWt 
