[WHOLE NO. 670 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOIl THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JANUARY 17, 1863 
been commenced, and will bo continued as each 
subject of great interest to the farmer, gardener, 
or orchardist. seems to demand special euro—thus 
eventuating in making everything, after a Lime, 
under such order that concise inhumation can bo 
Next, circulars are being 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY A SP FA MILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corps of Able Assistants and Contributors, 
C. I>. BRAGIMKN', Western Corresponding Editor. 
bad of it at any time, 
sent out to obtain information upon all the crops 
of the soil, their values, Ac., some of which infor¬ 
mation will he probably used In the next report, 
and more bo kept as ft basis i'or future reports 
and comparisons. Next, white the old regime of 
distributing seeds of all sorts is going on, exer¬ 
tions are making to procure for special distribu¬ 
tion, on which to gather reports, all such new 
seeds as give promise of great value to the Agri¬ 
cultural interest. The Cotton, Sorghum and 
other great interests are receiving special atten¬ 
tion; and should Congress make an appropria¬ 
tion of an amount sufficient, it is proposed to es¬ 
tablish a public experimental test garden at 
Washington, in which every fruit, grain, grass, 
Ac., Ac., shall be grown for the purpose of decid¬ 
ing on its nomenclature, and showing its general 
habits suid probable nature. Afterward it is 
proposed that branch gardens, one or more in 
The Rural Nkw-Yorkku is designed to tie uimimwed 
in Value, Purity and Variety of Contents, and unique and 
beautiful hi Appearance. Its Conductor dOvOt- K his per¬ 
sonal attention to the uupmWon of its various depart¬ 
ments, and earnestly labors to render the Rural an 
eminently Reliable Guide on oil the important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with 
the basil cm of those whoso interests it zealously advo¬ 
cates. Asa Family JOURNAL it is eminently Instructive 
and Kntortaininc - beinr so conducted that it can be safely 
taken to the Homes of people of iutellitfonce, taste and 
discrimination, it embrace* more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with appropriate Emtravtngrs, than any other 
journal,-rendering It the most complete AOlllUL'LTt'UALi 
Literary and Family Newspaper in America. 
wsm 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page, 
THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
by a new contributor. 
■UulaM SC/ 
Wb have recently boon looking, so far aa is 
possible for an outsider to do, into the Depart¬ 
ment of Agricult uc at Washington. Upon the 
creation of the Department as a separate organ¬ 
ization by Congress, after eighty years of plead¬ 
ing from tile Agricultural interest over the whole 
ooutury, It was hoped and believed that such ac¬ 
tion would now be hud in the conducting of 
affairs connected therewith that all must be sat¬ 
isfied. T'he installation of the present Commis¬ 
sioner brought out much personal feeling from 
the many disappointed applicants, and he was 
‘ therefore represented as utterly incompetent for 
the duties of the office. We have kept still, and 
after looking the mutter fairly in the face, have 
reason to think that as honest, politic and effec¬ 
tive a course has been pursued by the Commis¬ 
sioner as could have boon done. The office was 
established with all its old appurtenances and 
errors attached to its future, and every body 
knows that it Lh much more difficult to abandon 
a bad habit than it is to create one. The Com¬ 
missioner, therefore, entered upon his duties, 
now some six months since, with the old pro¬ 
gramme of eiTors so established and fixed upon 
his Department, that it would have been both 
difficult and dangerous for him to at once inau¬ 
gurate a new regime. Members of Congress have 
so long been accustomed to the receiving of seeds 
and cuttings to send their constituents, and in 
other ways received from it many favors, that it 
would be impolitic to change that arrangement 
Again, in the construction of the Department, 
Congress gave it but the paltry sum of $00,000 
for its entire expenditures one year. Under this 
condition of things, with, uufbrtunately, too many 
drawing silently counter to him, if not openly 
opposing him, let us see what the Commissioner 
has done and proposes to do, and then judge 
whether we could have any of us done better.— 
Let us lake, til's!, the propagating garden, which, 
as we learn, had in it a considerable number of 
grape vines, greenhouse plunts. evergreens,oaks, 
Ac.. Ac., all without order or system: names to 
POINTS OTP JERSEY C-A/TTIaTU, IIjI.IJS'TIv. z V T K D — No. 1 
In an early volume of the Uijrai. wo gave the ; 
Scale of Points of Excellence, as adopted by the 
Royal Jersey Agricultural Society, for tho gov¬ 
ernment of judges in all the shows of that 
Society. This scale has been continued nearly 
twenty years, with scarcely any alteration, and 
as increased attention is being given to tho 
Jersey breed of cattle in this country, especially 
for tho dairy, many of our readers will ho. inter¬ 
ested in learning the established points. Wo 
therefore give the atnive fine portrait of a Jersey 
hull, with illustrations showing the Scale of Points 
for Hulls— and will,in a future number, publish the 
portrait of a Jersey cow with the Scale of l'oinks 
for Cows and Ileifers. lty. reference to the cor¬ 
responding figures above the reader will readily 
understand the following 
SCALE OK POINTS FOR BULLS 
Article. 
1. Podegree on male aide 
2. Pedigree on female side - 
3. Hood fine and tapering - - 1 
4. Forehead broad. . . 1 
6. Cheek small . _ 7 
fi. Th roat dean .- - 1 
7. Mur/io fine and encircled with a light color 1 
8. Nostrils high and open -------- 1 
9. Horns smooth, not too thick at the base, and 
tapering, tipped with black _ — 7 
10. Ears ntiall and thin - -- 1 
11. Ears Of a deep orange color within. 1 
12. Eye fall and lively .. 1 
t3. Neck arched, powerful, hut not too coarse 
amt heavy .- 7 
14. Chef t broad amt deep _ I 
15. Barrel hooped, broad and deep. - 7 
10. Well ribbed home, having hut little space 
between tho last rib and the hip- 1 
17. Book straight from this withers to tho top 
of the hip. -- 
18. Hack straight from the top of the hips to the 
setting on of the tail; and the tail at right 
angles with tho back 
19. Tail line.... 
to decompose—to take apart 
To separate 
The farmer needs.to learn how to analyse. Not 
simply soils. Soil analysis has its uses. It is 
well for all who manipulate soils to know their 
chief constituents. But analysis need not be con¬ 
fined to soils—ought not to be. There are insects, 
called humbugs, to he pulled to pieces—to be. 
dissected, studied and used according to value. 
Theories require the analysis of a practical mind, 
with practical knowledge and facts to back it. 
There may he stray traces of truth in most the¬ 
ories. Analysis will discover it to tho thoughtful 
investigator. Discovered, it may he used to de¬ 
velop a theory; or. combined with other truths, 
it may prove the key-stone of a beautiful and 
everlasting arch. Analysis enables the operator 
to discover truth where it exists, and to discover 
its absence when it is wanting. In our reading, 
we should apply this test to what we read. Then 
it will do us good to read ; we shall profit by it. 
It is better lo study and understand one article 
thoroughly, than to read a page Idly and without 
analysis. Papers like the Rural will be more 
thoroughly valued in proportion as this test is 
applied to them by their readers ; and such read¬ 
ers make a paper better. 
Perfection_ _-. 33 
•izc shall be awarded to u bull having lens than 27 
Points. I 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES 
be thick enough to occupy the whole ground and 
force the trees to a tall growth, from being obliged 
to look up for light, and thin enough lor healthy 
development. 
Not one acre in a thousand is in a condition to 
produce timber to good advantage. Either scat¬ 
tering trees with large tops keep down the young 
shoots, or else wo have a perfect thicket of Htmil! 
trees, retarding each other’s growth. The true 
way is hike off the timber clean, :is you need it, 
keep out the cattle, Ac., and after three or four 
years thin out with a hush scythe to the requisite 
number, selecting in some cases desirable varie¬ 
ties. Depend upon it timber is a necessity, ami 
must be made to pay. 
Fire-wood, after being dried sufficiently under 
cover, should lie sold by weight rather thdn 
measure, weight being the better indication of its 
value. The common practice of cutting wood 
work should be accomplished. It should bo the 
object to study how a thing may ho best done in 
the shortest possible time. Such study often de¬ 
velops now modes of doing t hings which are over 
after an advantage to the originator. 
Commence saving by employing every mo¬ 
ment in the doing of duties that need to he done 
now. _ 
THE CAI4 AD A THISTLE—HOW TO DESTROY XT'. 
Dr Warder, of Cincinnati, recently, in a pub¬ 
lic lecture, said that there was a way of surely 
and quickly destroying this plant, and without 
great labor. Gentlemen who arc hesitating 
about attacking these pests, because the more 
they are rooted out the better they grow, should 
try this mode. It is to pile straw thickly on the 
surface where they are found, and let it remain 
there. They will die for want of light and air. 
It is but a few days since I heard an Illinoisan 
say that there were more patches of this plant 
growing in the West than there would l>o if 
tiun of a practice of systematic saving. It. is a 
matter of serious importance to the farmer, that 
his husbandry embraces i thorough husbanding 
of his resources, and their employment in the 
processes of production. Tools should lie saved, 
The importance of this matter has been fre¬ 
quently alluded to in the Rural. Whatever 
will make or mend a tool should be saved, in 
cutting the winter’s wood, husband tho timber 
you may come across that, will make an ax-helve, 
an ox-bow, a fork-handle, a rake-tooth, or that 
can be sawed into any sort of timber and made 
available in tho erection and furnishing of sta¬ 
bles, out-ball dings, Ac., Ac. It is well, Indeed it 
is almost indispensable, to have a supply of this 
' kind of stock on hand. The tops of trees, par¬ 
tially decayed and fallen timber, will serve for 
fuel. 
Save the chips that are made in the cutting of 
a species of f uel 
FIRE-WOOD AND TIMBER LOTS 
Firewood, as I think I intimated in a former 
article, deserves more attention than it receives. 
Many other things bear remotely on human hap¬ 
piness, but fire-wood is the warmth, and, retain¬ 
ing the fire-place, the light of the family circle. 
Coal is, at best, a half-civilized substitute for 
wood. 
Wood requires attention,—first, by way of in¬ 
creasing the supply ; second, by way of improv¬ 
ing the quality. The supply would he increased 
if all the land that is now yielding no profit were 
planted with trees. Marshy places would grow 
something, and side hills and broken ridges that 
plowing would impoverish might bear timber. 
A bare, broken ridge is a deformity — covered 
with trees and shrubs it is beauty and profit. 
Before a man clears a piece of land, let him 
always inquire if he has not already got more 
land under what is charitably denominated “cul¬ 
tivation’’ than he properly attends to. Ilad men 
followed this hint, T can imagine a very woody 
country. Be sure, always, that you have the 
i right number of' trees to the acre. They should 
timber and wood. They form 
easier saved and stored than made lo order when 
wanted. Save, also, the small pieces of boards, 
of rails, timber that may be made available for 
fuel, and which* is often piled up in tho street 
and never.used for any purpose, except as a bar 
bor for weeds. 
But. there is a greater chance to pile, up an I 
account with profit, in the saving ot manures. 
There are many things go to waste that are of 
more importance as fertilizers than much that is 
saved, and used. Night soil is almost uni vers ally 
lost to tho farmer, Bones bleach in live field.s or 
are buried in trenches where tho last ox or cow 
or horse that died, was buried. The chicken 
manure, the horns from the Ixieves, (ho ashes, 
hair, suds from the house, Ac., Ac., are as often 
wasted as saved. 
Time is luBt— too much of it—by not having if 
systematically employed—by working without 
There are plenty of men in tho West who never 
saw a Canada thistle. Happy fellows! May 
they never learn what it is by experience ! But 
thistles do and will continue to lie imported to 
our prairies in packages Of goods,of plants, trees, 
by travelers, by the exchange of stock, Ac., Ac., 
and the duty is an important one that all men 
who know thiH weed when they see it, should en¬ 
lighten such as may have it and not know it. 
PARSNTP3 AS A FIELD CROP. 
I am more and more impressed with tho su¬ 
periority of parsnips over carrots as a field crop, 
and as a forage crop for stock of whatever kind. 
are quite as productive; they 
On prairie soils they 
are sweeter, relished better by all kinds of stock; 
and tho additional advantage that they are not 
injured, but rather improved by frost, is no in¬ 
considerable item. This 20th day of December) 
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