after flu* ground has been frozen a considerable 
depth, the Crop of parsnips may t><- easily dug. 
One gardener whom I met was digging “enough 
to liust his cows until the next thaw.” The stor¬ 
ing and covering cost nothing. The roots do not 
load the cellar with vapor resulting from their 
decay, and spring comes when stock—especially 
milch cows—most relish and best repay the pro¬ 
viding of vegetable food, and the supply of roots 
in perfect condition is available for the digging, 
two and a half or three feet from the ground, tearing 12 
or 13 leaves ou a stalk. As the suckers appear they should 
be broken oft', and before the plant is cut should be entire 
ly stripped from the stalk. When the crop is mature for 
harvesting, the leaf assumes a mottled appearance, and 
cracks open when folded. Nakcotiva, 
WORN OUT LAND-EXHAUSTED SOIL. 
ECONOMY IN COMPOSTING MANURES. 
To employ all the resources of the farm in 
production is the aim of all thorough farmers. 
To know how to do this most economically and 
successfully, and to practice it, is to be a good 
farmer. 
In the decomposition of manures, heat is gen¬ 
erated. In very many cases this heat may be 
profitably used, where it is not now made avail¬ 
able for any purpose. Especially may it be 
so used where the farm is contiguous to a vege¬ 
table market, or where a system of husbandry is 
adopted involving the culture of hot-bed grown 
plants. The hot-bed is one of the best places in 
the world to decompose manure without loss. 
Covered with soil, and again with glass, the heat 
from the deoomposingmassgerminatesseedi-’, and 
pushes plants rapidly forward. Early cucum¬ 
bers, radishes, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, cab 
bages, and all kinds of salad, may be thus started 
for early market, or the plants grown for sale 
profitably. Especially near large cities are th< 
profits of hot-beds wonderful, when properly 
managed. And as a means of using one’s 
resources, it has no superior. A gentleman in 
this State, (Illinois,) started his cotton-seed in 
his hot-beds, and transplanted to the open field 
when the soil and season were right, and in lati¬ 
tude 404 dog. north, ripened his crop perfectly. 
Tobacco plants may be started also; indeed, the 
farmer who once learns the profits of hot-beds, 
will extend the area of his glass, l ather than 
diminish it, annually. It is one way to prolong 
the season and to insure a good garden; and the 
coarse manure of which the hot-beds were made 
will be found thoroughly decomposed, and ex¬ 
cellent for incorporating in garden soil. 
TOBACCO CULTURE IN THE WEST. 
A coon deal of tobacco has imon grown in the 
West the past season, and with much profit to the 
producer. A gentleman in Central Illinois told 
me his crop from three acres would yield him 
a profit of $250. That a very large proportion 
of our pnilrie soils are adapted to the profit¬ 
able growth of this weed there is little doubt: 
and that its culture is to naturally and surely ex¬ 
tend each year, no one who knows aught of iis 
progress the past five years, can doubt.. In (his 
morning's Tribune I find the following from the 
pen of a correspondent, which contains so many 
good hints of a practical character, that I deem it 
worthy a place in the Rural: 
As tliero is a fair prospect Unit surd loaf tobacco will 
command a good pl’icd the ensuing year, and sis many of I 
The above are terms with which agricultural 
readers are very familiar, yet in relation to them, 
if I mistake not, our periodical press has fur¬ 
nished but few facts. Such facts are very import¬ 
ant, and would be deeply interesting and 
instructive. As you have recently requested 
Rural readers to write for the Rural, i suggest 
that here is a topic on which we need more light. 
In the absence of facts we have hypotheses and 
theories. Reiter have the facts first and theory 
afterward. 
Many years ago an observant and intelligent 
tanner was speaking to me about worn out land, 
i requested him to give me an example. After 
some thought, he instanced a field lying adjacent 
to the highway, of hard clay soil, naturally thin, 
which had been carelessly cultivated for years, 
and then lay in natural grass. Its vegetation was 
very scanty. .Some rolling spots were bare, and 
it presented, especially in times of summer 
drouth, a very sterile appearance. Afterward 
that field changed owners. Itinunv manager was 
a thorough and energetic farmer. Now that field 
is luxuriant in its vegetation, even to lodging 
from rankness. 
Thirty-eight years ago, a large tract of rathe: 
level, sandy soil, situated a few miles from my 
present residence, was scantily covered with a 
stunted and gnarled grow th of limber, with un¬ 
derbrush largely of poplar—and in wet times 
large ponds of water. 11 might have been bought 
for 50 cents per acre. Now' that tract of land is 
all made into numerous farms, whose tasteful 
brick and frame dwellings, and good barns, 
school houses, fences, fruit trees and crops, attest 
that those farms are remunerative possessions. 
They are now valued at from $40 to $50 per acre, 
A gentleman visitor at my bouse, said that he 
formerly resided in the city of Washington 
While he resided there a Virginia plantation of 
500 acres, with a brick house, large and commo¬ 
dious, except that no arrangements for cooking 
were in it, was offered for sale. Negroes first, 
and then land, were sold to pay its owner’s debts. 
It was called worn out. It was worn till it failed 
utterly to yield remunerative crops. An enter¬ 
prising Northern farmer bought it for $500. He 
treated it with plaster and clover, and a small 
starting application of guano. Twenty bushels 
of wheat per acre rewarded his skill. That this 
land was really worn out, so far as its first owner 
was concerned, I have no doubt; and yet, con¬ 
sidering how quickly and easily it was recuper¬ 
ated. the question occurs; was not the exhaustion 
more apparent than real ? And so of some other 
cases wliish have come under my observation. J 
incline to the opinion, that though the wearing 
out of land is to its owners sorrowfully real, yet 
tended largely to develop the Agricultural 
resources of the West. It is believed that cotton 
and tobacco can be made profitable crops. 
There is no State in the Union (or out of it.) 
where so many of the great staples of commerce 
can be so successfully, cheaply and abundantly 
produced as in Illinois; and if the productions 
of the soil are to make a people rich, the inhabit¬ 
ants of this State will soon be so. To accomplish 
this result, however, iu the shortest .space of time 
we need more manufactories, which will increase 
home consumption, and save thousands of dol¬ 
lars that we now pay for freights. 
Thcx-e are many farms to let at present If any 
eastern farmers have a desire to emigrate, uow 
is a good time, for unless more help comes, much 
land will lie waste next summer for want of 
hands to till it Land will be let on more favor¬ 
able terms than usual for the laborer. 
Cortland, lit., Jan. 6th, 1863. S. W Arnold. 
RURAL EXPERIENCES - NO. VI. 
onr western farmers wo about to enter into the business in point of fact “ worn out” is not exactly the 
who have had little or no experience in cultivating the right term. 
MORE ABOUT TOOLS. 
We find it very convenient and profitable to 
have a work-bench and a set of tools, consisting 
of three planes, three saws, (one cross-cut hand¬ 
saw, otic slitting saw, and one panel saw, for 
trimming, Sec..) a bit stock with a set of bits to fit 
live chisels, a square and scratch-awl, a drawing- 
knife, one pair of small pincers, a hammer and 
nail-box, a drawer in woi'k-bench, with parti¬ 
tions, to put an assortment of bolts, screws, 
wrought nails, lacks, files, whet-stones, chalk 
and line, «fca 
The above bench ioola and all will cost about 
thirty dollars, and if well taken care ofi will last 
a farmer’s life-time. Now, if he has much hwje- 
nuitj/. he can sa\e enough by doing his own 
repairing odd spells to pay for them in two 
years, and in some cases in one year. Many 
times during the year something will break when 
most needed a horse-rake, for instance—and 
while you are going to some mechanic to have it. 
fixed, you could mend it yourself, and save 
expense, if you only had the tools. You could 
also make your wagon-boxes, hay-racks, sheep 
and cattle racks, milk-rack, sheep-troughs, lad¬ 
ders, board fence and picket, fence, farm-gates, 
grape trellis, arid a thousand and one other 
things, which, if bought or hired made, would 
cost three times as much, and you would not 
like them as well like the lady who cultivated 
one/lower, and said she admired it more than all 
remaining in the garden which the gardener had 
attended. Observation. 
Near Brewerton, Onondaga Co., N Y., 1863. 
Hutal Spirit oi tl)c Press. 
defend the fortress against, the cold. Consequently, 
to bring animals through winter in good condi 
tion, it is requisite that they should be well fed 
and clothed. 
One can sec by the eye, and the expression of 
countenance in stock, the condition of their 
stomachs. To some cattle an entrance to the 
bai-n is the signal for a struggle and strain about 
the cribs which threaten to demolish all before 
ihem ; the protruded tongue and strained eye¬ 
balls ask for food. Rake it up there, quick, man 
or the creatures will run their horns off against 
the bars in trying to help themselves. They 
should have an appetite, indeed, but not too 
much of it, and if kept warm will require less 
fodder. 
Preservation of Wood by Charring. 
M. Lappa rent, of France, who has pub¬ 
lished a most interesting essay on the preserva 
tion of ship timber, proposes to char its surface 
as the most effectual way of securing it from rot 
for a long period. lie says: 
By charring timber, the surface is subjected to 
a considerable heat, the primary effect of which 
is to exhaust, the sap of the epidermis, and to 
diy up the fermenting principles; in the second 
place, below the outside layer, completely car¬ 
bonized, a scorched surface is found—that is to 
say, partly distilled, and impregnated with the 
products of that distillation, which are creosoled 
and empyrpumatic, the antiseptic properties of 
which are well known! A bench, the legs of 
which had originally been chaired to the depth 
of nineteen inches, after remaining in the ground 
eighteen years, near a pond, was dug up, and 
found to be in such good preservation that it 
was difficult to get the point of a knife into the 
extreme cud of one of the legs. On the other 
hand, vine-props of oak. driven into the dty soil 
dose by, were rotten in one year. M. Lappa- 
rent’s method, which is about to lie applied to all 
the dock-yards of the French Empire, is to char 
by means of a strong jet of inflammable gas. A 
workman, in an average day’s work of ton hours, 
would carbonize a surface of 440 square feet, and 
the expense would be three rents per ten square 
feet A little tor smeared over the surface, facili¬ 
tates tbo process, and prevents the timber from 
being too suddenly atfected by the heat of the 
gas. But more than a mere thin coat of tar 
would do harm. In ship-building, gas-charring 
should be applied to every surface likely to be 
in contact with moist or stagnant air. In house¬ 
building, it should be applied to the beams and 
joists embedded in the walls or surrounded with 
plaster; to the joists of stalling, cow-houses, and 
laundries, which are affected by a warm, moist 
atmosphere, and to the wainecot ting of ground- 
floors. For railway sleepers, charred timber, 
when scraped, can lx* painted any color. 
Rural JJotcs anb 3 tc 1110. 
The Agricultural Press.—T hough the rebellion and 
paper famine combined hare caused a number of Agricul¬ 
tural Journals to suspend, and most of those which sur¬ 
vive to shorten sail— by reducing their dimensions, etc,,— 
we are glad to observe that most of our exchanges enter 
upon the new year in good style and under favorable an 
spice.-. AY e trust each and all will go on “ prospering and 
to pro sper, and accomplish more good in 1863 than any 
previous year. If each will strive to excel in usefulness, 
the rivalry wilt he roost laudable and productive of higldy 
beneficial results to the cause and country. We subjoin a 
list of American Agricultural and Horticultural journals 
now on our exchange list, copies of the most of which 
have been received the present month. And in order that 
those of our readers disposed to subscribe for any of the 
journals named may do so without further inquiry, vve add 
the subscription price of each 
Maine Farmer, (weekly,) Augusta, Maine, $2. 
New England Farmer, do., Boston, Ma.s., $2. 
Boston Cultivator, do . Boston, Mass., $2 
Mas-. Ploughman, da, Boston Mass., $2 
Hovey s M-.g. uf Horticulture, (monthly,) Boston, $2 
* H Journal of Agriculture, (weekly,) Manchester, 
T rJi| 1.w. 
American Agriculturist, do., New York. $1 
Working Farmer, do.. New York, $1 
Horticulturist, do , New York, S2. 
Farmer Mid Gardener, do., Philadelphia, p n ., $1. 
Tilt* Gardener's Monthly, Philadelphia, Pa., $1. 
Country Geudenun, (weekly .) Albany, N. Y $2. 
Genesee Farmer, (monthly,) Rochester, N Y , 60c. 
Ohio Farmer, («ve<sly .) Cleveland, Ohio, $2. 
Michigan Karenr . (monthly,) Detroit, Mich , $1. 
Frame Former, (weekly,) Chicago, lit, *2 
lllir.o. Farmer, (monuily,) Springfield 111 , f i. 
&l 11 SU,t4: A K-Sochty, (monthly,) Springfield, 
Wisconsin Former, (monthly,) Madison, Wis $1 
Volley Farmer, do., k Louis. Mo., $1. 
Iow\ Homo-mad, (weekly,) Dc- Moines, Iowa, $2. 
California Fanner, do., Han Francisco, Cal . $4. 
Canadian Agriculturist, (monthly,) Toronto, C. W., $1. 
'Hie Ohio Farmer, which lias been suspended for some 
months, reappears in ita former handsome style, under 
the auspices of Col L, D. Harris, former editor of l-'ield 
Aoles, and the Ohio Cultivator , (which latter is to be oon 
tinued as a monthly,) and \V. B. Fairchild. Us former 
editor, TPIO. I!mown, is now in California, we believe. We 
hope the Fanner will have fair sailing in future, for it is 
well commanded and freighted. 
The American Stock Journal lias succumbed to the 
storm, the editor, in a handsome valedictory (given iu Dec. 
number, which closed fourth volume,) announcing its dis¬ 
continuance for the present. 
crop, I beg the privilege of suggesting a few idea* to thorn, 
derived from my own experience, through your wide 
spread journal. In selecting the ground for planting, the 
soil should be dry,rich, sand loam, in order to produce a 
fine loaf and good flavor. Many crops have been ruined 
the past year by planting them on wet bottom lands 
When raised upon rich, black prairie soil, a coarse, thick 
leaf will be produced, with large woody veins and a peculiar 
bitter taste. The seed is slow in sprouting, and the plants 
are rarely large enough to transplant from tl„. beds into 
the field before the 15th or 20th of Juno, hence, in this 
State and in others abont the latitude of our own, a rapid 
growth is required, in order to obtain a good crop and se¬ 
cure it before the appearance of frost. 
In raising the crop west it is important to protect it 
far as possible from the strong prairie winds that, prevail 
as Its value depends much upon the integrity of the leaf, 
therefore timber openings and a southern and eastern 
slope should be selected, as fur as practicable. The best 
seed leaf in the United States, commanding the highest 
price, is raised 11 car Hartford, Conn., in latitude equally far 
north with our own. Tn this crop, as in all others, its val 
ue and success in raising, depends much upon the seed 
used. Of Hie several varieties 1 think the broad silk 
leaf best adapted to our western climate. The narrow 
leaf grows longer and thicker, with large veins, hence the 
advantage of selecting seed from the first mentioned. 
In commencing the cultivation of tobacco, it i» of vital 
importance to have good seed and a bed Of early plants, in 
order to have them transplanted in season to mature before 
the appearance of frost. As the seed is often ruined by- 
frost while iu the capsule, it should be tested before plant 
ing by sprouting some portions of it. The ripe seed mav 
also be known by its emitting an oil when mashed upon 
tilt- thumb nail. The lied for plants should he made rich 
witli manure and plowed in the fall. As soon a- the frost 
leaves the ground in the Spring, brush should be strewed 
over tiie bed and burned, to destroy tl.e seeds from weeds, 
and thus save much labor in weeding the bed. 
One tablespoonful of feed to a rod square of ground 
evenly sowed upon the surface and rolled dr trod in, as 
early in the season os passible, will be what |s required 
It Should be left on the surface. If raked in and buried 
it will never sprout. The beds should be kept clear from 
weeds, and should the season be dry may require watering 
In order to produce a good crop, the land should be thnr 
onghly prepared and manured before the time for trans¬ 
planting. Horse manure seems to be the best fertilizer to 
cultivate seed leaf adapted to cigar manufacture II pro 
duces a rapid growth, thin leaf, fine flavor, and a white ash 
when smoked, probably dependent upon the ammonia 
contained in the manure. The dressing for the land mav 
be spread on and plowed in, or placed more immediately 
under the plant in drills. In a wet season or dampish soil 
tire latter method Is preferable; but care should be had to 
make tl.e drill deep and cover the manure thoroughly 
The drills should be three and a half feet apart, and the 
plants set in straight rows two and a half feet from each 
other. Transplanting should be done immediately after a 
rain if possible, otherwise it will be noeesaarv to water 
each plant separately. The plant should be'cultivated 
thoroughly, and kept free from weeds, and also from the 
green tobacco worm that infests it, If the plants are set 
as they should be., the 15th or 20th of June, the green worm 
wiU require attention iu July Where the fields are large 
the turkey is of great value in worming the crop They 
travel regularly through the rows, picking off snch worms 
as are in sight, and the turkey herd easily tolls them to the 
rows hr wishes them to follow by corn which he carries in 
his pocket for the purpose 
When tiie plant has arrived at a certain height before 
blossoming, it requires topping If 0 f good growth top it 
Wc have all read some about what Mechi has 
done in England with a large outlay of capital, 
obtaining remunerative returns: and some of us 
have read what .Judge Bi el accomplished witli 
a sand plain. By both examples we are advised 
that poor land may be, by skill, rendered produc¬ 
tive. How much easier, then, may good land bo 
kept good, and how very desirable is it that it 
should be. 
But my chief object in putting pen to paper 
was to call for facts. Readers of the Rural, tell 
us all you know about worn out land—about ex¬ 
hausted soil. How came it so?—and if cured, 
what was the remedy? Peter Hathaway. 
Milan, Erie Co., Oliio, Jan., 1863. 
Turnips for Milch Cows. 
Milo Smith, of Northampton, in acommuni 
cation to the llrnnesiead , made the following 
statement:—We tried one of our best cows in 
milk recently, that was fed half a bushel of turnips 
a day in addition to,her other feed, by weighing 
her milk carefully for one w eck. We then left off 
feeding the turnips, while her other feed was pre¬ 
cisely the same. She dropped off on her milk 
from two to three quarts per day, and on return¬ 
ing the feed of turnips, she came back a ii liiii three 
days to her full Hoyv of milk. This difference in 
quantity of milk, as we sell ours, makes the tur¬ 
nips worth from 15 to IS cents per bushel, and I 
think they can be raised for much less than that 
-*"•**— 
FROM AN ILLINOIS FARMER. 
PIIE WEATHER, SEASON► AND OTHER MATTERS, 
Tue weather during the past autumn and 
present winter has been very extraordinary. 
With the exception of a very slight frost in Sep¬ 
tember, no frost occurred until the I2th of Octo¬ 
ber, when it froze quite hard, and continued cold, 
uith frost and ice every night, without intermis¬ 
sion. (ill tiie 23d. No severe storms have yet 
occurred, and only a few moderate warm ruins. 
The largest fall occurred on the nights of the 1st 
and 2d uf .January, and during the day of the 
2 d. Only about half an inch of snow lias fallen. 
The roads were beautiful during most of the 
month of December, being hard and smooth. 
On the 24th of December I sowed and dragged 
in 1 if acres of spring wheat. Christmas day was 
chilly and disagreeable, with a strong wind from 
the south, a heavy fog and some rain. On the 
2 bth am] 27th 1 followed the plow, and again on 
the 3d and 5lh of January. The weather since 
January commenced seems very much like 
spring. The grass is beginning to grow, and the 
snakes and frogs are out. 
Owing to the scarcity of farm hands last fall 
and the large amount of sugar cane to be har¬ 
vested and worked up, far leas than the usual 
amount of fall plowing was done; as a conse¬ 
quence. unless spring opens veuy early, a por¬ 
tion of the wheal sowing will be late, which will 
increase the risk of obtaining a good crop. Our 
plowing tor all sowed crops is done in the fall, 
and there is no time to plow for such crops in the 
spring, as they should be sown as soon as the 
frost leaves the ground suiticiently to admit the 
working of the harrow. 
The Sorghum Sirup crop is fast getting to be 
an important one in this State. About one-half 
the farmers raised a small patch the past year 
and much more is to be raised next season. A 
great deal has been lost for want of facilities to 
manufacture. Cane, after having been frozen 
and thawed a lew times, is worthless. Simp 
will soon be an important staple for export in 
this State. 
The existence of the war, and the obstacles 
thrown thereby in the way of commerce, have 
nttrt 
* Butter Worker.—C an you inform me where the 1st 
premium Butter-Worker is made, or can lie obtained, and 
the prico ot name ? If so, will you please to do so, and 
oblige—A SUHbcimntR, Fact Avon, A r >' 
We cun not answer ; but if It la a good thing tiie mitnu 
faetnrer should advertise in the agricult oral journals. 
Hungarian’ Grass tor Shkkk—1 wish to inquire 
through the columns of the Rural if any of its read 
era have tried to perfection tin- quality of Hungarian lev 
for feeding sheep, as to the profit, and the health of the 
sheep An early answer is desired. Many think that 
Hungarian taty^is not healthy for some kinds of stock.— 
. Rkcipk for Coring Hams Wanted.—I would like to 
inquire through the Rural for a good recipe for curing 
bains without sugar or molasses, if such a tiring is possible 
The high price of sugar makes it very expensive to cure 
rare Water for Horses. hams iu the usual way, and people should be as economi 
A rtauniTQTroxrT,®.™ A .. . . rid as possible in these times, Anunswcrbyyouraelfor 
JV V/OhKEbl ONDLNr Ot the Atnenoatl \ eten- Some of vour able correspondents would Oblige—M 
M7'y Journal writes:—It is highly necessary that U ' ayn< ' a ‘ 
1“““ Hi 7i lb IT WOk ' r i Af, Amro, M ».„■», I .hould 
impure W.itoi, like damaged lood, is more or less cmbIou m your columns, by farmers of experience, as to 
operative as an indirect cause in indueimr u proft * of applying fresh animal > Manures dim* 
, , ... 10 ‘"UULing ail to the soil,.incorporating them after they have fermented 
unhealthy condition of the digestive organs. We ami partially or wholly decomposed, .u compost or other 
urge the owners of hurst's to attend til thi« root "( 18 u » unfermentnd manures lie applied to the soil 
' b , , , , 8 10 aU ‘ n " to tlns rai Hr at ail « It is a subject th*i merits attention, and mav prof 
ter, lor it is wretched bad policy to lead a hard- l,abl J bc discussed—A n Attkktivk Reader. 
working, thirsty horse to a trough containing 
tvator not fit to drown a cat in, and too bad to 
I.ARn Oil — If you or some of tiie Rural readers would 
please give the mode of c>peration by wluch lard is eon 
verted into oil (the common lard oil for burning, ) 
you would much oblige some Rural renders Burning 
fluid has long been very high in price, ami now Kerosene 
is rapidly rising; lienee if it was generally known how to 
make tea for such a wretch as you. Some infec¬ 
tious and contagious diseases can, without doubt, 
be communicated through the medium of water! - .... w 
Sometime, n borse, tho enbjectof some affection, S5K ££ fell 
either acute or chronic, of the respiratory pas- - 
apiratory pas¬ 
sages, has a profuse discharge from the uose ; 
this morbid secretion find* its way into the water 
in the act of drinking, and the next horse that 
comes to imbibe is very apt to swallow a portion 
of this matter, which is generally found floating 
on the surface. Trough water is further contam¬ 
inated by animals washing their mouth and lips 
in the- m ’ ’ * ’ * U * 
a 
careful what they put into it. We have often 
found an old boot, or an “ old soger,” or a dirty 
sponge at the bottom of a trough iu this city from 
which over twenty ho ires drank their daily sup¬ 
ply of water. Attention to this matter may pos¬ 
sibly prevent many cases of unnecessary disease. 
How Mam Siikepcan BK Kept rr.n ACRE'-—Will Home 
experienced aheep husbandman tell u« through the Rural 
how main sheep can ho summered on an acre, and how 
many on fifty or a hundred acres? iff course much de¬ 
pends upon the quality of the soil and pasturage, but whnt 
is the average V An answer or shrewd yuexr, will oblige 
The writer kept fifty good Spanish Merinos on ten acres, 
last summer, and they were in fine condition when taken 
from the pasture in October —Farmer, QcntJsee Co., N. }' 
Ca.svassi.vg for tiie Rukal Brigadk—I s going on very 
spiritedly and successfully from Canada to California, and 
Maine to Minnesota. We have hosts of new recruits every 
day. For example—and to show the popularity of the 
Brigade—we quote from a recent “return “ mode by Capt. 
Pinson McCall, of Lake city Minn -“A, the term of 
those three months men that 1 enlisted in Octolior for your 
Brigade wan about expiring, I started out on Saturday eve 
to get up a company for 12 months, and before 1 returned 
home 1 obtained nine good soldiers, and another one who 
was anxious to be one of the Company came early this 
morning and gave me his name, and now I am enabled 
to send you their fee of admission, amounting to $15, I 
expect to add «m,' to this list th<? p,-event week, »u<} 
anothef j ear I ti'T't } tttn ^ up ft fu!J R( . K | nient , All of 
those three months (trial) men liked their Captain first 
rate, hut some of them did not feel able to enlist for a full 
term, and so I took others In their stead. I think this lit¬ 
tle company will be able the coming year to conquer and 
drive out of this town a host of error and old fogy isra in 
farming; but If they do not 1 shall not lay the blame'to the 
Captain or Colonel Some get an Idea that some of the 
otlicera should lie Western men, and so 1 toll them that 
I.t Bka<hk>v Is a Western man, and formerly command 
cd a Western Company, and this satisfies them.”-By 
the last mail we also received “squads” (clubs) of re¬ 
cruits from almost every loyal State and Territory iu 
tiie Union, and both the Canadas A friend in Ouwita 
West sends $30 in Canada money, saying he could have 
sold it and bought American money, thus clearing several 
dollars, but prefers helping the Kckal. A Michigan letter, 
by the same moil from a gentlemen who subscribed in s 
club, just before the paper famine, brita;* os the change to 
make the price right And another from the same State, 
til us acknowledges the receipt of one of our premiums, and 
speaks of Rural prospects:—“ Your favor of the 27fh Dec., 
enclosing $5 Treasury N ot e, has been safely received, for 
which accept my thanks I tliink that before the close of 
Jau. I can get a dub of 100 or 120. The rise of your pa¬ 
per does not hurt the circulation of it as I can see. 1 hare 
a larger dub now than 1 had last year at this time.” 
i tho same, and the bipeds who dulight to visit , 
water trough in warm weather, are not over - UUUUl'vll 
Give the Cattle Good Beds. 
The N. H. Journal of Agriculture asks :— 
Would you save all that can profitably be saved 
in fodder ?—and as answer to its own query re¬ 
plies, then be sure and bed your cattle well. 
Nothing is so conducive to good growth and 
health as warm stalls and a comfortable bed. 
With hogs this is especially the ease. No man’s 
pork can be made cheap, if he attempts to winter 
his pigs in an old tumble-down hovel. When we 
see the porker buried half up to the nose in clean 
Straw or good forest leaves, we know there will 
be a good weight of fat laid on before spring. 
The looks of the animal and hie comfortable 
language warrant the supposition. The cows, 
oxen, and young cattle also pay well for bedding. 
It makes good manure, and keeps cattle healthy 
and good-natured. The severe winds and cruel 
storms of winter are great consumers of animal 
fibre and muscle ; they call for endurance, and 
in the contest the surplus food over and above 
what is required to sustain life, simply goes to 
Tub Annual Mkkting of the New Jersey State Agri 
cultural Society will be held in Trenton, on Tuesday, 
January 20th. 
Cattaraugus Co. Ag'l Society — At its annual meet¬ 
ing of tliis Society, held in IJttle Valley on the 3d insi, 
the following persons were elected officers for tiie ensuing 
year: President— Samuel W J oils so.v, Ellicottville. Flic 
President —Lorenzo Stratton, Little Valley. Secretary— 
Horace S. Huntley, Little Valley. Treasurer—C. V. B. 
Beerec, Oiean 
Livi.ngBto.v Co. Ag. Society —The Annual meeting of 
tilts Society was held in Geneseo, on Tuesday, Jan. 6, and 
the following officers were elected: President —Hon. C. 
H. Carroll, Groveland. Ftev President —Richard Peck, 
Lima Secretary —George J. Davis, Geneseo. Treasurer 
Heaokiuh Allen, Geneseo. Ihrectors —S K Winnegar, 
Mt Morris, and Aaron Barber Jr , Avon 
Brockrort Union Ag. Society. —The officers elected 
for the ensuing year are as follows: President —F. P. 
Roc>T Vice J*resident —Hiram Mondoff. Secretary —H. 
N. Beach. Treasurer— Geo. B. Whiteside. Directors— 
R. J. Cook, Thaddeus Terrill, L. Babcock, H. W. Moore, 
German Elliott and Charles Thrall. Acting Bee. Secretary 
Geo. Burroughs. 
Sugar M aking i.v tub Winter — The Wyoming county 
(N. Y ) Mirror says the farmers of the southern part of that 
county and the northern part of Allegany, are busy at work 
making maple sugar 8everal hundred trees have been 
tapped, and the flow of sap is said to be abundant. Who 
ever beard before of maple sugar being made in this re¬ 
gion, in December and January ? 
Rarey a Report ox the Army Horses.—T iie celebra¬ 
ted horse tamer, J 8 Rarey, recently cent to tiie Rappa 
bannock by Gen Hallxck to look into the condition of 
the army bovses, reports that he found it better than he 
expected. He says—'•The cavalry horse* suffer most, and 
many of them were then scarcely fit for service. The do 
ties that they had to perform—excursions that sometimes 
require from twenty-four to thirty six hours without food 
or rest—the heavy weight they have to carry, and the un 
skillful manner lie which they are ridden, makes it almost 
impossible to be Otherwise, except they were treated with 
the greatest care. The artillery horses suffer much, but 
are a grade better than the cavalry. The greatest abuse 
and destruction of tiie horses in the army is, I believe, in 
the want of skill, judgment and care of the individual 
man to his individual horse. A morf diligent loo lung after 
of this detail by the officers in charge, would be highly 
beneficial; the good effects of which has been seen, in 
some instances, where diligence has been exercised with 
judgment by officers attending to this important but much 
neglected duty. Every mau who is permitted to ride a 
horse, should be compelled by duty, if he has not the hu 
inanity and moral principle, to see that tiie horse has every 
care in his power fix give, t!uvt he is properly groomed, 
watered and fed.” 
-- 
Tint Sctkntifc American, a prospectus of which will 
be found in our advertising department, is the leading and 
ablest American journal devoted to practical information 
iu Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, Manufactures, &e. 
Tiie JVrto York Chronicle, also advertised in this number, 
is an able and wall conducted Religious and Family News¬ 
paper. Its principal editor, Hex. Dr. Church, was for 
many years a resident of Rochester, and has a host of per¬ 
sonal friends in Western New York who ought to continue 
liia acquaintance through the Chronicle. 
A Hoi’ Journal —In answer to an inquiry in a late 
Rural, “ whether there is any journal devoted to the cul¬ 
ture of hops,” an Otsego Co., N. Y., correspondent writes 
that there is one published in New York city. He says “it 
comes weekly in summer and monthly in winter—tan very 
correct paper, and one that has all the quotations of the 
hop market,” &c. We infer that it is not devoted to the 
culture of hops, but a sort of price current issued by deal¬ 
ers. WiU some one favor us with a number ? 
To Correspondents.— During the past week we have 
been favored with a goodly number of practical articles, 
which shall receive seasonable attention. A number ®f 
inquiries, answers, etc., are necessarily deferred. Those 
expecting letters in answer to inquiries are advxsed that it 
is impossible for os to comply at this season of the year, 
other duties occupying all the time we can command. 
