til 
Written for Moore's Rural New-Yorker. 
THE LACU8TRIANS, 
OS. FKir.IITIVE INHABITANTS OF SWITZERLAND. 
[C-nncludcd from p«£e 17 of onr last No.) 
Ox* of the most surprising Considerations sug- 
before Ihn Christian era. Thanks to his re¬ 
searches, the history of man, in the countries of 
Western Europe, is removed backward two 
thousand years. Henceforth it is a fact assured 
to science, that a race of hunters, of agri¬ 
culturists, and of artisans, lived ill Helvetia 
eight or ten centuries before the war of 
Troy, and commences] with the tribes estab¬ 
lished in Germany and on the coasts of the 
Baltic. We learn, moreover, a fact of tho 
gosted by the Lacustrian remains is the vast greatest importance for the history oi thoglolie 
amount of labor accomplished by men who had itself, namely, that tho climate of Helvetia has 
at their disposal no other implements than flint- not sensibly varied since four thousand years ago. 
stones ami the brands of their fires. For felling The end of the first age must have boon marked 
and trimming the trees, for pointing and hewing by terrible events. The Bronze abruptly follows 
the logs for their dwellings and their canoes—for the Stone. It was because, two races had come 
the pursuits of war, agriculture, the fishery, and ; nto collision. In almost all the Lacustrian vil- 
tho chase —they had no other instruments but 
those of stone and of bronze. Some villages, of 
which we still see the remains, were reared on ] 
more than 49,000 piles! It was the work, no 
doubt, of several successive generations; but for 
oach of these, an incessant labor is none the loss ( 
implied. 
The hatchet, most frequently hewn from a 
block ot serpentine, was their principal imple¬ 
ment. It is found by hundreds on the sites of tho 
ancient villages. Other arms, of less importance, , 
were arrows of flint or of bond; rough stones, or 
pebbles with sharp cornel's, used for projectiles, 
found lying heaped together in the mud at the 
8ideofthe piles; and incendiary balls and bullets 
formed of charcoal kneaded with clay. These 
were generally pierced with a hole, that they 
might be the better thrown; were ignited, and 
then tossed on tho roofs of the hostile huts. It 
wa 3 thus that the Nervii fired tho camp of Caour. 
Among the instruments of labor manufactured 
by the Lacustrian people, may be cited blades of 
si lex, edged or toothed, which served as knives 
and saws, hammers, anvils, awls of bone or of 
doer's horn, paring-knives and needles, which were 
destined, uo doubt, for cutting or sewing leather 
or skins. The fragments of pottery which occur 
are formed of a coarse clay, the paste of which is 
usually intermingled with small grains of quartz. 
Hats of hump and of flax, and even real cloth, 
have been discovered, as well as small baskets, in 
all respects like these of ancient Egyptian tombs. 
The I.acustrians manufactured, likewise, cords 
and cables from textile fibres, and the bark of 
various trees. Vain, like all savages, of their 
corporeal beauty, they tucked up their hair with 
pins of bone, decorated their Angers with rings, 
and their wrists with heavy bracelets, and loaded 
tboir shoulders with collars formed of balls of 
doer’s horn, mingled with bits of stone. On their 
breasts they wore the teeth of bears, doubtless to 
endue them with the force of the wild beast, and 
preserve them from mischances. Tho large disks 
of stone found at tho bottom of their lakes served 
as quoits to amuse them after tho arduous labors 
of the day. The pierced nuts now scattered in 
the mud, were, no doubt, toys with which, as rat¬ 
tles, the mothers amused their nurslings. 
Agriculture, also, is shown to have been some¬ 
what advanced among the Lacustrians of this 
first period. While bunting and fishing, doubtless, 
supplied the greater part of their food, and wild 
fruits also furnished a portion of their aliment; 
they at the same time reared herds of beeves, 
sheep, goats, swine, and employed tho dog as a 
substitute in the care of their domestic animals. 
They manufactured a kind of cheese in vessels 
pierced with holes; cultivated the apple, pear, 
and plum tree, and stored away their fruit for the 
winter. They sowed barley and different sorts 
of grain of excellent quality. Among the ruins 
of a Lacustrian village,on the Lake of Constance, 
M. Lout.E discovered an ancient store-house, con¬ 
taining about a hundred measures of barley and 
wheat, both shelled and in the ear. lie found, 
likewise, a portion of real bread, which had boon 
preserved by its carbonization, and consisted of 
crushed grains, to which the bran still adhered. 
Thus, with the exception of poultry and eggs, the 
food of the primitive Inhabitants of Helvetia, in 
all respects resembled our own. 
That the triheH of the Age of Stone carried on 
no unimportant commerce with distant countries, 
ia proves] by the fact that there have been found, 
on tho Lacustrian sites, a great numl>or of sub¬ 
stances foreign to Switzerland. The projectile 
arms, made of silex. could have come only from 
Gaul or Germany. They received coral from the 
tribes of tho Mediterrane an, purchased yellow 
amber from the dwellera on the Baltic, and im¬ 
ported the valuable nephrite from the countries 
of the East. 
Like the Celts, the Lacustrians seem to have 
adored the Divinity in open nature, on the sum¬ 
mit of hills, under the mysterious shades of the 
woods, on tho bosom of the waves, or more 
especially at the foot of the erratic blocks, which 
they doubtless regarded as stones fallen from 
• heaven. 
The ancient tumuli of Switzerland, by their 
remarkable elevation, Boom to prove that the 
men of the Age of Stone cherished a profound 
respect for their dead. These were deposited in 
the sepulchral cavity, with tile anus folded across 
one another on the breast, and the knees drawn 
up beneath the oh in, as if to testify by tli is atti¬ 
tude—which is that of the infant before birth — 
that man in dying enters into the womb of the 
universal mother. In no instance has then; been 
found any vestige, in the tumuli of tins era. 
which would authorize u.s to suppose that the 
aborigines of Switzerland ever sacrificed human 
victims to the manes of their dead. Those fero- 
lagoR, the verge of Ihe two epochs is sharply 
indicated by the burning of dwellings and the 
murder of the people. The greater part of the 
pile-work settlements, both Of Eastern and 
Western Switzerland, were completely aban¬ 
doned, and since that epoch their remains have 
been buried beneath the waters. The intruder* 
were probably of the Celtic stock, and wore a 
more civilized race. The villages of the Age of 
Bronze much surpass in number these ot ttie pre¬ 
ceding period; but the constructions, in general, 
underwent no change of form, doubtless liecause 
the customs of the people remained tho same. 
As to tho choice of sites, there is apparent, in 
the. second ago as well ns the first, a rare sagacity. 
The points of the shore over against the places 
colonized by three old Lacustrian trilics have, for 
the most part, not ceased to be occupied, even to 
our own day, by cities and important villages. 
The city of Zurich covers a Lacustrian settlement 
of the Ago of Stone. During tho Ago of Bronze 
a village on piles might have lioen seen on the 
Hite of the present city of Geneva. 
The duration of tho Age of Bronze was very 
long; but tho destruction of the Lacustrian set- 
line #thu’]if0t 
WritO;ti for MooroV Rural New-Yorker. 
BOOK AGENTS, TEXT-BOOKS, &c. 
v Ens. Rural Nkw-Yorkku;— 1 have Felt a 
good deal of interest in the Educational Column 
of your most excellent paper, but more especially 
in two recent articles, the former by ••.Iotas,” 
and the latter by “Sknex." I think both of these 
articles are a little extreme, both in language and 
logic, and I propose to offer a few thoughts per 
contra, notwithstanding Jop.vs enjoys your edi¬ 
torial indorsement. He doubtless was somewhat 
irritated at the time of his writing, and actually 
felt better after freeing his mind. But Senbs 
seems to have considered the question calmly, 
and deliberately assumed the responsibility of 
whatever of good or evil may result from his acta 
It seems to me that some' of his allegations 
deserve a passing notice, not for the sake of con¬ 
troversy, but of justice and truth. He says 
“ Of all the nuisances that ever pervaded a com¬ 
munity, that of school-book agency is the worst,” 
&C, Are the great body of teachers prepared to 
! tefflaq im tfe fetm 
position to swindle tho people in any such man- | *'~ > 15 
nor as described by SeNEX, or, indeed, in any 1 - 
Other manner. Nor do i believe Senkx is ready j ABOUT bNOW-iLAKES 
to assume the responsibility of making the same. ! * . 
, , , ...., iii. ... Though we have hud but litt o snow tho pres- 
statement, with names and dates, over lua real , ... , ... \ 
, . . , , , , , . , ent winter, our aubiect is a sensible one. ana the 
signature, which he baa already made in regard •’ ’ . .. ’... . , 
, .... , .. Jbl owing illustration and description will inter- 
to the City bupCfmtendotit to whom he refers. h . ,• ... 
ost young ix-oplo who delight in sporting with 
Doubtless, a thorough investigation ot all the cir- •’ n > 1 ' ®.. 
, . • ....... . , or upon tho pure while mantle, which usually 
cuinstances would result m a very different ver- ! , 1 . .. 
P ... covers tho earth at this season: 
sion of the matter. But, be this as it may, it is .... . 1,1 1 < 
.. , ,,, 1 Ihe size of tho snow-flakes depends upon, two 
evidently a very rare exception, and not tlie rule- , .. . . . , . 
,, i . - 1 ’ , .. . , causes; wheu too atmosphere abounds in vapor 
For'what is tlmro in the nature ot this case, to . __ . 
.... . ... ., ,.1 and the temperature Is near 32 dog. hah., tho 
merit tho prominence given it by its publication „ , . 1 , .. , . ... 
• .1 n a •> - 1 . flakes arO large; and as the moisture dimra- 
m the Rural? Similar cases are occurringalmost . , ,, . 
, . , „ n • .... ishcs and the co d increases, the snow becomes 
daily, in other departments ot business. Why, , . .... ’ .... . . 
, . . , . , . , . . finer. In tho former condition of the atmosphere 
then, does tins single, isolated ease, so insignitl- „ , , . . 
, ,. . . 1 , . .. it is 11 OI unoommon to see flakes that arc an inch 
cant in itse f, stand out m such bold relief, amid .. ,,,, , ... . , 
.... ’ .... , . . n diameter. Tlie lower the temperature the less 
all its compeers? The legitimate inference m, , ‘ * ... ' , ,, , 
„ ... ’ the diameter of the flakes. At 10 <lcg. hah., 
that m educational circles it is an alba avis. , ... . 
Woilsviile, All,,: Co., N. v, 1863. Justus, ' snuw-tk.kee rarely exceed seven-hundredths of 
an inch in diameter. Snow has been known 
to fall with a temperature that caused the mer¬ 
cury to tall 12 dog. and oven to 20 deg. below 
zero. But this is not common. 
CHEATING IN SCHOOL. 
From an admirable address by Hrof. John S. 
Hart, delivered at tlie opening of tho New Jersey 
admit that such agency ia a greater nuisance than State Model School, we make tho following 
rum, tobacco, licentiousness, ignorance, pauper extract: 
ism, crime, Ac.? Allow mo to enter my indi¬ 
vidual protest. The fact is that every business 
and every profession baa iis nuisances; but i do 
not believe that the facts will justify tlie assertion 
that there are more of them among school-book 
agents than the average among other classes of 
business men. During my limited experience as 
a teacher, I have enjoyed some opportunities for 
observation in regard to these agents, and truth 
compels me to say that 1 have found them eery 
muck like other men. Is it right, then, or excus¬ 
able in one penning an article for the public eye, 
which claims to bo based upon facts, to indulge 
in this style of hyperbole? It seems to me that 
tlamenta of this era was as violent as was that of it j# very bad taste, to say tho least. 
the aquatic habitations of the preceding age. 
Tho conquerors of the Lacustrian colonies of this 
era were the Helvetians, a people armed with 
iron, superior in the. material part of civilization, 
but professing a barbarous religion. The con¬ 
quest was complete. The. primitive popple dis¬ 
appeared, ami history has not oven recorded 
their ruin. 
I n the same paragraph ho refers to the books, 
“ many of which,” he says, “ are well printed and 
highly illustrated with engravings, but whose 
reading matter is no Improvement on, but far 
inferior to the books now in use." If SENEX is 
a practical teacher, be knows what, every other 
teacher of any experience knows, Unit there is far 
eir ruin. less depending upon the reading matter of text- 
Who were those aborigines ^hom archaeology books than upon their arrangement and adaptor 
as it were, resuscitated by an examination fieri, l’robably nu reading book ever used in 
of tho remains found in the mud of the lakes of 
Switzerland? Nothing, as yet, authorizes tho 
learned to give a definite answer. Let us hope 
that in the near future tlie methodic exploration 
of the antiquities of Europe, and the comparison 
of all the testimonies furnished by the still buried 
remains, will enable science to class the Lacus- 
Americais superior in reading matter to Mijr- 
uay'h English Reader; but does anyone claim 
that it is, therefore, the best class book? Go ini’s 
Juvenile Readers were fully equal, if not supe¬ 
rior, in reading matter, to any now in use; but 
they were long since discarded for want of adapt¬ 
ation. The same is true, to a greater or less 
trians, to follow their migrations, and mark their extent, of all tlie texbbooks which have been dis- 
hnlting places. We shall, doubtless, succeed in 
ascertaining what was the extent of their domains 
at different ante-historic epochs; and, wluit is 
even more important, their intimate life; their 
moral civilization will be elucidated by a thorough 
study of the tribes which have sustained a de¬ 
velopment under parallel conditions, in different 
points of the globe, and which still exist in an 
Age of Stone and of Lacustrian habitations. It 
is then that we may attempt to write the com¬ 
parative history of adolescent races -one of the 
carded by common oonaont, and their places 
have been supplied by others better adapted to 
the times and the wants of pupils. The paper of 
which a text-book ia made is just as good a stand¬ 
ard by which to judge of its merits, as tho read - 
ing matter alone. Nor do 1 flatter myself that I 
am enlightening Senkx upon this point If lie ia 
a teacher, he knew all about it long ago, and 
deliberately presents a false issue. Ami if tie is 
not a teacher, I have yet. to learn by what author¬ 
ity he assumes the right to decide for teachers 
most interesting chapters of the great book of and school officers, what textrbooks are best 
man. adapted to tho wants of tho various schools In 
4 ' ' "*”* ' our land. Doubtless lie is actuated only by a 
NAKED ARMS AND NECK laudable desire to benefit teachers, and put them 
on their guard against Imposition; but if his plea 
A DISTINOUISHKI) physician who died some an(i arf r umo nt for stand-Btillisia were dictated by 
years since in Paris, declared, “I believe tlmt BOine otter motive, it might read very much us it 
during the twenty-six years 1 have practiced my ( .j ul , B _ vvo [] known thar. the competition bfi- 
profession in this city, twenty thousand children [, w oen several rival publishing houses has resulted 
have boon carried to the cemeteries, a sacrifice to j n t ( H , production of as many rival series of toxt- 
the absurd custom of exposing their arms naked" bo0 ,. M> thl! m( . r iU of which have not yet been 
I have often thought if a mother were anxious fully tested, and therefore remain undecided, 
to show tho soft white skin of her baby, and |» u t ft evident Hint each series has its merits; 
'would cut a round hole in the little thing’s dress, (lu ,i jf friend of any one series (ua “ those now 
NAKED ARMS AND NECK 
A distinguishki> physician wiio died some 
years since in Paris, declared, “ I believe that 
during the twenty-six years I have practiced my 
profession in this city, twenty thousand children 
have been carried to the cemeteries, a sacrifice to 
the absurd custom of exposing their arms naked.” 
I have often thought if a mother were anxious 
to show tho soft whito skin of her baby, and 
'would cut a round hole in the little thing's dress, 
just over tho heart, and then carry it about for 
observation by the company, it would do very 
little harm. But to expose the baby’s arms, 
members so far removed from the heart, and with 
such feeble circulation iit liest, is a most perni¬ 
cious practice. 
Put the bulb of a thermometer in a baby’s 
month, and tho mercury rises to 91) degrees. Now 
carry tin; same to its little hand; if the arms be 
bare and tho evening cool, the mercury will sink 
to 40 degrees. Of course all the blood which 
flows through those arms must fait from 20 to 40 
degrees below tho temperature of the heart. 
Need I say, when these currents of blood flow 
back into the chest, the child’s general vitality 
must be more or loss compromised? And need 1 
add that we ought not to be surprised at its fre¬ 
quent-recurring affections of tlie tongue, throat, 
or stomach? 1 have seen more than one child 
with habitual cough and hoarseness, or choking 
with mucus, entirely and permanently relieved 
by nirnpiy keeping its arms and hands warm. 
Eveiy observing and progressive physician has 
daily opportunity to witness the same cure.— 
linns' Gymnastics. 
---- 4«» • 
Pea Cheese. —There is a very close resem¬ 
blance between several animal and vegetable 
substances. Thus animal milk contains a large 
quantity of ctiscine, which is tlie principal Mib- 
sUuice in cheese; and peas also contain a large 
amount of the same substance. The Chinese, who 
have exhibited such an aptitude for domestic 
There ia a practice, common to school life 
everywhere, known by the not very dignified 
name of cheating. There is, I fear, among young 
people generally, while at school, an erroneous 
and mischievous state of opinion on this subject 
Deception in regard to your lessons is not viewed, 
as it should be, in tho light of a serious moral delin¬ 
quency. An ingenuous youth, who would scorn 
to steal, and scorn to iio anywhere else than at 
school, makes no scruple to deceive a teacher. 
Is houcsty a thing of place and time? 1 do not 
say 1 would nottrust at my money drawer the boy 
who had been cheating at his lessons, because a 
boy may have been led into the latter delinquen¬ 
cy by a false notion of right, which as yet has not 
affected liis integrity in mattei* of business. 
But this 1 do say. Cheating at school blunts the 
moral sense; it impairs tlie sense of personal 
honor; it breaks down the outworks of integrity; 
it leads by direct and easy slops to that grosser 
Cheating which ends in the penitentiary. 
On tliis subject, i once had a most painful 
experience. A ls>y loft school with as fair a 
character for honesty as many Others against 
whom nothing can bo said, except that they do 
sometimes practice deceit in regard to their lea- 
sons. 1 really believed him to bo an honest boy, 
and recommended him as such. By means of tho 
recommendation, he obtained in a large store a 
responsible post connected with the receipt and 
payment of money. ilia employer was pleased 
with his abilities, and disposed to give him rapid 
promotion. After a few months 1 inquired after 
him, and found that he hud been detected in forg¬ 
ing bis balances! I do verily believe, the dishon¬ 
est, purpose which led to this pecuniary fraud, 
grew directly out of a facility at deception ac¬ 
quired at school. Ho hud cheated his toaehor; 
he had cheated his fathnr ; ho had obtained a 
fictitious average; he had gained a standing and 
credit in school not justly his due;—why should 
he not exercise the same ingenuity in Improving 
bis pecuniary resources? 
Independently of the moral effect of these 
deceptive practices upon your own character, is 
there not in the acts themselves an inherent 
meanness and baseness, from which a pure-mind¬ 
ed youth would Distinctively recoil? Is there 
not something false and rotten in the prevailing 
sentiment on this subjoet among young persons 
at'school? When, by some convenient fiction, 
you reach a higher standard than your merits 
entitle you to, is it not. so far forth at the expenso 
of some more conscientious competitor? And, 
after all, when you deceive a teacher into tho 
belief that you are studying when you are not; 
that you know a thing when yuu do not know it; 
that you wrote a composition, or executed a 
■ ■ ' V, V 1 , 
in use,”) chooses to act os an agent, by rocom- drawing, which was done by Borne one. else, - 
mending them in the Educational Column, doubt- whom do you cheat but yourself! 'i ou may 
less, with your permission, he has a right so to do; deceive the teacher, but the loss is yours. 
mending them in the Educational Column, doubt¬ 
less, with your permission, he has a right so to do; 
tml it is hardly generous to denounce every body 
else who may entertain a different opinion, and 
have a different preference. 
I cannot dismiss this subject, without calling the 
attention of all interested to the mischievous 
effects to result from such innuendoes against 
teachers, and wholesale denunciation of school 
officers, as are contained in the article under con¬ 
sideration. The two greatest draw-backs on our 
VICTOR HUGO ON EDUCATION 
Victor Huuo has written a letter totbe Social 
Science Congress at Brussels, in which he speaks 
as follows of education: 
« The child—this is the supreme question—the 
child has in his cradle the peace or war of the fu¬ 
ture. It is from lliat cradle wo must chose away 
VO RMS OV SNOW-PEA K KK. 
The snow-flakes have a great diversity of form, 
which, oh every accurate observer will testify, 
constitute beautiful and regular crystals; and it 
is tlie copious reflection of light caused by tlieee, 
tlmt given snow ids brilliant whiteness. 
Tim bulk of snow, just fallen, is ten or twelve 
times greater, (more or leas, depending upon the 
temperature and moisture of the atmosphere,) 
than that of the water produced by melting it. 
Isolated crystals unite under angles of 30, 60, 
and 120 dugrees. These, by their different modes 
of union, form several hundred distinct varieties 
of snow-flakes. See usury, an Arctic navigator 
of great celebrity, has enumerated six hundred; 
tuid these are all comprised under live dosses. 
According to Sgoukshv, the star figure (fig. 'I) in 
the diagram given above, is observed when the 
thermometer is near the freezing point. The 
hexagon (fig- 2) is aeon both in moderate and 
very low temperature. The diagram given 
above presents only eight of the ninety-six 
figures delineated by Hoorehky. From it, how¬ 
ever, Die reader may tie led to observe for him¬ 
self, the great variety of forms which Infinite 
Wisdom has given bodies of so small a bulk as 
snow-flakes. 
The uses of snow are well known to the intelli¬ 
gent farmer. It has been properly styled, “the 
poor mail’s manure." I t forms a warm covering 
for tho soil, and thus defends vegetation from the 
severity of the winter. It also diminishes the 
intensity of the darkness during the long winter 
nights, and furnishes a favorable opportunity for 
the farmer to replenish bis wood pile, to move 
liis fencing materials, and to carry his surplus 
produce to market. To the young folks we need 
uot apeak, of the uses of snow. Indeed, tho boys, 
and girls, too, we think, could enlighten us on 
this point; for it is a long time since we went 
“coasting," or took long rides of winter evenings 
behind fast steeds and jingling bells, and bceido 
the girl that wo thought the best in the wholo 
town. 
- _ 
Ai% Iron Egg.—I n Dresden there is an iron 
egg, tlie history of which is something like this: 
—A young prince sent this iron egg to a laxly to 
whom ho was betrothed. She received it in her 
hand and looked at it with disdain In her in¬ 
schools in this State, are a lack of competent darkness. Let us cause light to arise in the soul clignatiOD that ho should send her such a gift, she 
cious rites, which the Helvetians of the Age of economies, that they even make soup of birds’ 
Iron celebrated at a later period, were com¬ 
pletely unknown to the Lacustrians. 
To what periods of history must we refer that 
Ago of Stone revealed to us in tho deposit ol' 
archmological remains in the lakes of Switzer¬ 
land? By tho examination of the alluvial 
deposits in the marshy valley of the Or be, and 
by calculating the rate of progress of the allu¬ 
vium, 1L TuoroN was lod to lix the construction 
of the Lacustrian habitations of Chamblon, by 
the primitive colonists of Helvetia, at 2,000 years 
nests, have also found out that cheese con be 
made of peas. For this purpose peas are boiled 
into a thin paste, then passed through a seive, 
and an acid added to the pea solution, which be¬ 
comes curdled like sweet milk by the action of 
tlie common rennet upon tho latter. The solid 
part is then salted, pressed in cheese molds, and 
it gradually acquires the taste and smell of cheese. 
It is sold in the streets of Canton under the name 
of “Taofoo,” and when fresh it is a favorite arti¬ 
cle of Chinese food. 
(“favorite”) teachers, ami a want of confidence in 
tile integrity of school officers. If 1 believed 
community at large had as little confidence in 
the integrity of School Commissioners, Superin¬ 
tendents, and Boards of Education, as Senkx pro¬ 
fesses, I should despair for our government, and 
for free institutions. If there is not honesty and 
good sense enough in a community of enlightened 
freemen, from which to select a suitable number 
of fai til fill school officers, in whom the people 
may and ought to place full confidence; if those 
persons who enjoy the fullest confidence of their 
fellow citizens, as business men, and as town, 
county, State, and United States officers, are to bo 
regarded as a horde of thieves and swindlers, 
confederated together to rob the people, the mo¬ 
ment they have the misfortune to be elected 
school officers, tlie experiment of a free govern¬ 
ment, based on universal education, and tho In¬ 
tegrity and intelligence of tho people, is a stupen¬ 
dous failure; and the sooner the costly bauble is 
abandoned, and we return to original savaglsm, 
the better. I can Conceive of no greater calamity 
to any individual or community, titan to be cursed 
with intelligence without integrity. But l can¬ 
not suppose fur a moment that I have been the 
most fortunate of teachers, or that my own expe¬ 
rience is, in any sense an exceptional one; and 
yet In the nine different localities in which 1 have 
been employed, during a period of sixteen years, 
it has not been my fortune to meet with a single 
school officer, whom I would be willing to accuse, 
of infancy. Twenty-five years of gratuitous and ctusl j t U) tbo earth. When it touched the ground 
obligatory instruction would change the face of ft cun ningly bidden in the egg, opened 
the world. The child, I repeat it, is the future, afl(J a B - |lv( . r yo u c ro llod out- Hhe touched a 
The soil there is generous; it gives more than an H ecrct spring in tho yolk and a golden chicken 
car for the groin of wheat. Apply a spark there W1W r < )V ealod; she touched a spring in the chi ch¬ 
it will become a blaze of light Vo make a citizen 
let ua begin by making a man. Let ns open 
schools everywhere. Where there is not in on 
individual tho interior light which instruction 
gives, then ho is no man. He is no better than 
tho head of a beast as compared with the multi¬ 
tude—one which exists in idleness, and which the 
master will take by-and-by to the pasture, and 
afterwards to the abattoir, in the human crea¬ 
ture that which resists slavery is not matter it 
is intelligence. Freedom commences when ignor- 
aiiceis dispersed. 1 had wished tosay these tilings 
to you, and other things also. 1 cannot renounce 
the opportunity of doing so without much regret; 
but you will not want eloquent, voices and gene¬ 
rous spirits. These councils of intelligence con¬ 
voked from time to time are efficacious. The 
problems of the ago are pressing us- theyeorno-- 
they are there. The moment is come when we 
should be prepared to receive them, and to raise 
the old warning cry of the Romans—Ad portust 
en and a crown was found within; she touched a 
spring in tho crown and within it was a diamond 
marriago ring. There is a moral to tho story. 
-1 I ^ 
Little Willie, having hunted in ail the cor¬ 
ners for bis Hhocs, at last appears to give them up f 
and climbing on a chair, betakes himself to a big 
book lying on tlie side-table. Mother says to 
him, “ Wh»t is darling doing with the book ?”— 
“ Jt'th the dictionary; papa lookth in the diction¬ 
ary for things, and I’m looking to see if T can find 
my shoes.” 
-—-- 
Til .lost an says it is hard to personate and act 
a long part, for where truth ia not at the bottom,' 
nature will always lie endeavoring to return, and 
will peep out and betray herself one time or 
another. 
should bo prepared to receive mem, ami w raise ^ c . KIiH „ ItA TB» philosopher used to say, “Tho 
tho old warning cry ot the Romans—Ad porUisl of fortune are liko stoop rocks; only eagles 
I pray you, gentlemen, to t>a my interpreter to oping things mount to tlie summit.” 
tho Congress, and to receive tho assurance of my 1 _^ ^ 
warm cordiality." , , v . 
t _ Onh hour lost io tho morning will put back all 
It often happens to genius as to spoons; tho tho business of the day; one I cm g-i.J 'i by ,i., 
plated article takes the place of the real metal. ing early will make one month m tho year. 
_^x:.. 
