TflGRICULTURF 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-EOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1863 
I WHOLE NO. 683 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
A.V ORIGINAL WKKKLT 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
pede” among “financial” wise-acres and capi¬ 
talists that would throw Bull Run into disgrace. 
If capitalists invest liberally in U. S. Stocks, 
they will show a good deal of sense and some 
patriotism. If they do not invest, let the Gov¬ 
ernment issue Treasury Notes to meet all present 
and pressing wants, and the people will take 
good care of the “green backs,” and the greener 
hank managers and capitalists whose foolish 
timidity or treasonable indifference has forced 
the Government to proceed in' this direction fur¬ 
ther than it desired. I beg to assure Mr. Ltv- 
coln and Mr. Chase that no soldier should wait 
one day for a handsomely engraved evidence of 
indebtedness, if the Government owes him any¬ 
thing. Theorizers about -gold” ought to be 
able (o see that, that commodity can become as 
hysterical as they are, — the foot-ball of sports¬ 
men, it measures the value of the sun about as 
nearly as it does Treasury Notes. 
Assuming, then, that we have the most unex¬ 
ceptionable currency that we ever had, because 
based upon the entire property of the Union, and 
not liable to sudden withdrawal; and assuming, 
also, that there is a large prospective and present 
demand for every variety of agricultural and 
manufactured products, we have reason to expect 
a large and prosperous business in all depart¬ 
ments of industry. Except In gold , and a few 
“fancies,” there seems to he, so far, but little 
disposition to engage in reckless speculation. 
Farming lands can now be liought as low as the 
average price for the last ten years, and Capital 
can here find room enough for some time to come. 
Farmers will, of course, feel the necessity, in 
the absence of so many farm laborers, of making 
their arrangements early, doing 7ioto whatever 
can bo done,—providing every facility which 
machinery and all other conveniences and con¬ 
trivances can afford, to help on the farm business. 
Advancing prices promise to reward labor much 
better than for a few years past But in all our 
done as from the sap of the sugar maple—and 
here we have the evidence of it. 
OOM-SEE-A-NA AND VKE-SEK-A-NA. 
Mr. J. II. Smith, of Quincy, exhibits and 
receives the premium lor the best 100 pounds of 
sugar, if Mr. Sumi’s statement is to be be¬ 
lieved—and I havo no reason to doubt it— no 
man has been more successful in the culture of 
these caues and the manufacture of sugar than 
he has. The samples he exhibits here are re¬ 
garded and adjudged by experts as quite equal 
to sugars that now sell at ten and eleven ceDts 
per pound at wholesale. Those sugars are made 
from the above varieties of Imphoe. ] talked 
with Mr. Smith concerning the character of these 
varieties, his mode of cultivating them, and the 
process adopted in the manufacture of the sugar 
on exhibition. 
He says these sugar s were made from the juice 
of the two varieties above named mixed. Ife is 
careful to grow and keep these varieties distinct. 
But there is so little difference in the saccharine 
qualities of the juice expressed from them, and 
in the character of the sugar product of each, 
that it Is mixed in the manufacture. 
These varieties do not sucker with him. They 
grow from 8 to 12 feet high—not quite so high as 
the Sorghum, hut stockier. Ilo has had those 
varieties ripen in 70 days. They are earlier 
than the Sorghum. He got his seed from Libe¬ 
ria, lias imported other varieties, which he is 
testing. He prefers the Sorghum for sirup, hut 
the Imphoe for sugar. 
It is easy and safe to transplant these plants. 
They may be started in a hot-bod and trans¬ 
planted with ns much safety as a cabbage plant, 
But he prefers to sprout hia seed. And by his 
method lie claims that he gains three weeks in 
the growth of the plant 
HOW HE SPROUTS THE SEED. 
Ten days or two weeks before be wants to 
plant the seed, he puts about two ounces of chlo¬ 
ride of lime in ten or twelve quarts of warm 
water; in this solution he puts the seed and lets 
it soak in it about twenty-four hours. He then 
takes the seed from this solution, puts it in a 
bag, and buries it in the warmest soil ho can 
find, and lets it remain there ten or tw r elve days 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corps of Able Assistants and Contributors. 
©. D. HUAGIMIN, Western Corresponding; Editor. 
Tub Rcral Nkw-Yokkkr is designed to bn unsurpassed 
in Value, Purity and Variety of Contents, and unique and 
beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his per¬ 
sonal attention tu the supervision of its various depart¬ 
ments, and earnestly labors to render the Rural an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects Intimately coujiected with 
the business of those whose interests it zealously advo¬ 
cates. Asa Family .lorn* At, it is eminently Instructive 
and Entertaining - being so conducted that it can be safely 
taken to the Homes of people of Intelligence, taste and 
discrimination. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Educational, I.ttcmry and .Vows Matter, 
interspersed with appropriate Engravings, than any other 
journal,—rendering it the most complete Agricultural, 
Litkraby AM) Family Xkvosfapkii in America. 
A Horse’s Head milled up by the Bearing-Rein. A Horse’s Head without the Bearing-Rein 
the CI-IJCCIv, OK KKAKIISrO-KTCIJVr. 
The above illustrations, from Mavuew ’3 
Horse-Doctor, scarcely require any explana¬ 
tory remarks. Ono engraving represents a 
horse undergoing the torture of the bearing- 
rein, while the other exhibits him carrying his 
head as he would if free to exercise a choice. 
We will not ask which delineation is the most 
easy, natural, and, wo may add, humane— 
for, as our author says, *• the generality of eyes 
are perverted by the dictates of custom”— yet we 
have a very decided opinion on the subject, olid 
think the bearing-rein (as used in many cases) 
most injurious mul abusive to the noblest of all 
our domestic animals. Mr. Mayiikw says: 
“The modern carriage horse,whether galloping, 
trottiDg, or standing still, always has the head in 
one attitude, save when the muzzle is thrown 
into the air to ease, for an Instant, the pained 
angles of the mouth, inhumanly lugged at by 
the bearing-rein. Which of the foregoing en¬ 
gravings looks most at ease? Does not the 
fashionable horse appear suffering constraint, 
and torture? The face is disguised and con¬ 
cealed by the harness; but enough is left visible 
to suggest the agony compulsion inflicts. ‘Pride,’ 
says the proverb, Mias no feeling.’ Therefore, 
no expectation is formed of any appeal to the 
fashionable circles; but by the ignorance of the 
public is this barbarity licensed. . Were Die mass 
properly informed the booting of the populace 
would soon drive fashion into a moro humane 
usage.” 
Herbert, in his “ Hints to Horse-Keepers,” 
thus strongly condemns the use of the check-rein: 
— “ The check, or hearing-rein, is another unac¬ 
countable mistake in harness invention. While 
it holds the horse’s head in an unnatural, un¬ 
graceful, and uncomfortable position, it gives 
the mouth a callous. Horny character, and en¬ 
tirely destroys all chance for lino driving. The 
check-rein is considered valuable, especially to 
prevent horses from grazing, or from lowering 
the head. The same end may bo equally attained 
by substituting a simple bridle-rein, to be 
fastened to the saddle without passing through 
the loops of the throat-lash.” 
t3T F or Term* 'ind other particulars, nee last page, 
WAR, FINANCE, AND AGRICULTURE, 
As a people we are novices in war—subject 
to military, financial and commercial blunders. 
Mourning our mistakes, we should remember 
they are the legitimate growth of peace aud 
prosperity. If persistent treason drives us to it, 
we shall have to learn war, and learn to adapt 
our affairs to a state of war. War embarrasses 
business chiefly from its uncertainty,— we no 
more know when it will stop than when it will 
begin. While it exists, it sets in motion new, 
and stimulates old, branches of industry; but 
with no basis but passion or principle, it is too 
evanescent for the arithmetic of the exchange, 
and laughs at calculations of “supply and de¬ 
mand,” Itis a state of uncertainty; thecbannels 
of business are liable to sudden interruptions, 
especially such as arc most intimately connected 
with army and navy supplies. The necessity of 
large disbursements, by augmenting the cur¬ 
rency, increases the danger of over-action in all 
departments, and the consequent danger of spas¬ 
modic and violent contraction. Business wen 
should feel in honor and in duty bound to keep 
within prudent limits, and not aggravate dan¬ 
gerous tendencies. All this being premised, 
there arc other things to bo said. 
God's world rests on a foundation that war 
cannot shake- Providence has indorsed Demo¬ 
cratic principles and institutions, and Provi¬ 
dence never backs down. If our country has 
had a mixed policy and a mixed history, pros- 
With one exception, this was the whitest sample 
exhibited — the whiteness being secured by 
washing. 
Mr. Roberts says his experiments the past 
three years have demonstrated the fact that 
sirup and sugar can be made with profit and 
success. Cleanliness should bo observed through¬ 
out the manufacture of Die sirup. Quick evapo¬ 
ration is absolutely necessary, since continued 
boiling over a heated surface colors the sirup 
and prevents coagulation. Different degrees of 
heat are also necessary for the effectual removal 
of impurities. It is highly important tho cooling 
surfaces are secured, that the scum may form and 
be taken off without being agitated by boiling. 
Substances once formed and thrown off should 
never be allowed to re-mix with the sirup or lie 
re-boiled. 
By the use of the evaporator named above, 
these results are obtained. Thu juice, as it 
passes through the different channels, over the 
pan, is exposed to different degrees of heat; 
since it passes over heated and cold surfaces, a 
shallow stream may be used without danger 
from burning. 
The cold surface affords rest for the scum; aud 
It is so secured by the boiling through the center 
of the pan, that there is no possibility of Its being 
incorporated with the sirup. Subjecting the 
juice to this continued process, renders it per¬ 
fectly pure. 
The above is a very good argument in favor of 
a particular evaporator. 1 publish it because I 
like to put men on tile record. But I don’t 
believe the evaporator named is the best, or a 
necessary apparatus for Die evaporation of cane 
juice in the manufacture of sugar; and I do not 
regard it any particular merit as belonging to the 
process, that chemicals are Ignored in its manu¬ 
facture. If I can save time, labor, and increase 
the value of the product, by the use of soda, 
lime, or any other alkali, without engendering 
my profits, I shall do so. 
TUB USE OF LINK WATER. 
D. S. Pardee, of Rockford, sent a sample of 
sugar to the Secretary, made from immature 
cane. He gays: “Iu listening to the remarks of 
Rev. W. I. Smith, at the Rockford Convention, 
on the manufacture of Hugar in the West India 
Islands, I got tho idea that lime water would 
destroy the gum, or glucose, as some call it, from 
our sugar; then it would drain dry without the 
aid of the cheese or the cider press, leaving the 
sugar free and usable, without a mill to grind it, 
or bot water to dissolve it. 1 came home and 
tried Dm experiment. It was a sort of liup-haz- 
ard experiment, but Dio result was all that wo 
could expect. The second experiment, was more 
satisfactory than the first, and the result I for¬ 
ward to you for examination. Though made 
from the immature cane, it has drained dry in so 
SUGAR CULTURE IN ILLINOIS. 
I have bee^ spending a week in the city of 
Springfield, Illinois, attending the annual meet¬ 
ing of the State Board of Agriculture, the 
“Farmer’s Convention,” and watching the modus 
operandi of legislation. I propose to write of 
some things I have seen and heard. The most 
important feature of tho State Society's rooms, 
the past week, was tho exhibition of Illinois 
sugar. Here is evidence enough of the practica¬ 
bility and profit of sugar culture and manufac¬ 
ture. 
THE 1MPIIEE CA.NEfi. 
The great bulk of the sugars on exhibition 
here—indeed all, with the exception of one or 
two samples—are made from some of the varie¬ 
ties of the Impheo. It is no longer Sorghum 
sugar which the people of the West are goiug to 
Beck for and labor to secure, but it is Imphee 
sugar which they may and will produce, it is 
the testimony of all cultivators, that it is exceed¬ 
ingly difficult to make sugar from the Sorghum. 
The only sample exhibited here is from Cook, 
ot Ohio. It is called, and supposed to be, Sor¬ 
ghum sugar. Of the difficulties attending its 
manufacture, he says, in his statement:—“ I have 
found to my sorrow the necessity of cutting up 
the cane immediately when ripe. Early iu Sep¬ 
tember I crushed and evaporated a portion of 
cane from one of my fields, and the result was a 
don’t care whether these plants are thinned or 
not- 1 ie. finds it better to have a large number 
of small stalks iu a bill than to be compelled to 
re-plant. The amount of saccharine matter got 
from a field is no less when tho plants are thick 
in the hill than when there are few. He says 
ten or twel ve stalks in a hill are better than a 
less number. If the ground is foul, he would 
plant in rows, both ways, as above; but if tho 
ground ih clean, he would plant in drills four 
feet apart, and one or two inches apart, in tho 
drill. Thus, the crop per acre is much increased. 
hahvesti.no and manufacturing. 
He begins the harvest when the plant is in 
bloom, stripping, topping, cutting and grinding, 
and evaporating as fast as it is cut, if he can. 
This first product, when tho cane is in Diis con¬ 
dition, is made into sirup. As soon as the seed 
is in the doughy state, the manufacture of sugar 
You may as well debate whether the Rocky 
Mountains are about to dissolve and disappear, 
as whether the Government of the Union will be 
found twenty years hence to pay its bonds. 
Granite is perishable; truth and right are 
eternal. 
The rebellion has involved our Government in 
vast expenditures, necessarily resulting in the 
issue of bonds, and other forms of indebtedness 
to a large amount; these, to a great extent, are 
the basis of our business operations, and distrust 
of them, is a blow at national prosperity. For¬ 
tunately there is no ground for distrust.. Who¬ 
ever discredits Government obligations, dis¬ 
credits himself, and discredits every other man; 
for what he has, and what all have, is pledged for 
Umr payment. Repudiation, if morally possible, 
would clash with too many interests, and can 
never be entertained. Capitalists, distressed 
with a superabundance of means, have here an 
ample field for the safest of all investments. 
If one owes, and can’t pay down, the simplest 
way is to give his note. This the Government 
has done, and so supplied a paper currency in 
the least exceptional form possible, for Die 
“Treasury Notes” have an element of stability 
aud hung np to drain. So the sugar is made. 
There were other samples of sugar from the 
same cane made in a similar manner. The 
statements are not essentially different 
nke-a-za-na. 
C. D. Roberts, of Jacksonville, showed a fine 
sample of sugar made from this variety of 
Imphee, which ho distinguishes as the White 
Imphee. because of the color of its seed. I give 
the substance bf his statement: 
He secures good need, plows deep, plants in 
rows three feet apart Whim about three inches 
high works with a hoe, aud afterward plows as 
for corn. The cane, from which the sample of 
sugar was made, was cut, stripped and topped 
about two feet below the head. After leaving it 
five days in piles to cure, the juice was expressed 
and boiled immediately, on one of Cook’s Evap¬ 
orators, to the proper consistency, using no 
chemicals whatever. It was removed to a warm 
room, and iu four days commenced crystallizing. 
It was afterward subjected to pressure, water 
being used to aid in the separation of the sirup 
‘Torn the crystal particles, and spread out to dry. 
