phce will produce sugar. That is established. 
But the sugar beet will produce more with 
less risk to the cultivator. At least our knowl- Eds. Re raj. New-Yorker:—' The population 
edge of its character leads to this belief. Es- of our Western prairies is just at present in the 
pecially, in latitudes north of 40 deg., will the midst of a great excitement, occasioned by a 
the sugar beet be found more profitable. Pis- troop of White Willow agents, who are galloping 
pecially are the soil and climate of Wisconsin, from prairie to prairie and selling White Willow 
North Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota, adapted to cuttings at $7 per thousand. Of course allot' 
its culture, where the Sorghum and JmphCC will them have got the genuiue^irliclc ( Satix alba,) 
rarely ripen. Let both the Sorghum and lm- —no more mistake about it than there is in tho 
pheo Iks cultivated. Abate their culture not one “genuine Sarsaparilla manufactured by old cioc- 
jot; but let us see if we cannot bring hither capi- tor Jacob Townsend, (not Jacob Townsend.)” 
tal, and employ labor in tho production and Each agent represents himself to be tho proper 
manufacture of sugar, on a scale corresponding man to buy of. and vaguely insinuates that a 
to that with which we now produce beef pork “big sell” is abroad—a bogus Satix alba.—look 
WHITE WILLOW FEVER AT THE WEST. 
j stanchions, which please me much. I would not 
tie with ropes and give up toy stanchions if I 
could have them and the mangers free of 
expense. With stanchions it matters not which 
goes in first. No one can Interfere with the 
other, nor is fodder lost or can they rob one 
another. My young cattle are just as anxious to 
get in as any one of tho older cattle, as each day 
they are out for exercise. I go in for stanchions. , 
A word in regard to fattening pork. I do not 
raise the kind which costs six dollars per hun¬ 
dred to fatten. If I did I would surely make 
the. shut-up, hold-fast stand-still stanchions, 
spoken of in Rural of Dec. 13. A few years 
ago I had a sow and eight pigs, which I kept 
over winter in the ordinary way, and fattened 
the next fall with raw food and no extra care, 
without a pen, only a yard and cover from 
storm. I sold the pork in Syracuse for $310 
cash. e. m. 
Onondaga, N. Y., 1863. 
S0iu0$ of gVowuttural Mfittitt 
bor of tying fleece?, and with a little core wnu’d enahlo 
the operator to make all his fleeces of uniform size and 
form, Its simplicity, cheapness and durability, commend 
it to every flock master. 
The Ditching Plow, exhibited bv S Walworth of Gouv- 
emeur, st Lawrence county, is said to malm icy good 
work with a small expenditure of pun or, and at a low 
eo^t Those who hove used them speak well of the im¬ 
plement. 
J. Pink’s “Union Climax Cultivator” appear* to be an 
excellent machine, almost illimitable in its power*, and 
nevertheless simple in ils construction. It is entirely of 
iron, except the handles, and is yet neither cumbrous or 
heavy, ami exemplifies thn advantage of substituting iron 
for wool I in our agricultural intpli meats. Its very ap¬ 
pearance recommends it; and it its peiiiitiniime at all cor¬ 
respond* with it, it loud be a vuluaolo implement 
Mr Chichester exhibited a Changeable Mow and Pota¬ 
to Digger, of a wood construction, which is sard to do 
good work. 
A llav Fork, by J, J. Van Allen, Greenville, Gmnc Co., 
N. V , presented a wood arrangement or catch for reliev¬ 
ing the lork of its load. 
Palmer's Hone Hav Pork was on exhibition. Having 
received the first premium at Rochester, the Committee 
do not feel called upon to discuss its merits. 
A Parmer’s Bee Ilivc, exhibited by J. Hazen, Albany, 
combines some new features in a simple form, and seems 
to be well calculated for the purpose intended. 
Thb Antjtml Meeting of the State Ag. Society was held 
in the Assembly Chamber, Albany, last week, the Hon. 
Esstu Ooilvs i-h, of Tompkins County, President of the 
Society, officiating as Chairman. Though not largely at¬ 
tended the several sessions were unusually interesting. 
The Society convened at 12 o’clock on Wednesday, ami 
proceeded to the transaction of business. The Treasurer's 
Annual Report, was submitted and accepted. 
Amount cash on hand and receipts during tho 
year.. . -—.. $17.169 02 
Payments. . 13 364 9S 
Cash now on hand. $3,814 06 
The report shows a total of $4,486 77 paid for premi 
unis and expenses of the State Fair. 
The reports of the Executive Committo and Secretary 
wore read. 
A motion for the appointment of the usual Committee 
of twenty four, thf-e.c from each Judicial District, to nom 
inete a Hoard of Officers for the ensuing year, and recora 
mend a suitable place for holding next Annual Pair, was 
adopted, and the Committee constituted as follows: 
Pint District. —Ktl. G. Pailc, Thomas H. Faile, Solon 
Robinson. 2d DM, —D. It. Fiord Jones. W i 11 i nm o I. 
WE DON’T WANT COLD WATER . 
cast on such enterprises by Eastern journals. 
We know quite as much about the character of 
our soils, their resources and adaptation to the 
production of products, as any one East can toll 
ns; and wo do not assume to know everything 
by this assumption. We ulso know pretty thor¬ 
oughly what we need hero to relieve us from the 
burdens imposed on us by railroad monopolies and 
the moneyed interests East and West. We are 
bound to do what we may to secure what wo 
need; and let all Eastern gentlemen and journals 
who cannot co-operate with us, attend, to their 
own business or “stand from under.” 
Erib Co. AO. Society.—O fficers for 1863: President— 
55. Boit.vrr, Buffalo. Fice Prender,ts—V. D. Stiles, Auro¬ 
ra, C. Ilumbleton, East Hamburgh. Secretary —Warren 
Granger, Buffalo. Treasurer— Geo. W. Scott, Buffalo— 
and six Directors. 
“ My Three-Cow Dairy.” 
B. J. Campbell, of Glen Haven, N. Y., 
thus writes to the Country Oentle.man: 
At the beginning of 1862 I made up my mind 
I would know just what three cows would do in 
365 days. Hero is the result—695 pounds of but- 
Httmc Fau.s Farmbks’ Club.—O fficers for 1863:— 
President —S. S. Lansing. Vice. President.— James Van 
Valkenburgh. Secretary—X. A. Willard. Cor. Secretary 
—L. Green. Treasurer — Chas. Oyston. Directors —A. 
Wlicox and Chas. Van Valkenburgh. Librarian —8. 8. 
Whitman. Reporter —W. S. Young. 
m Did. —T. C. Peters, L A. Green, A. Dow. 
The Committee subsequently submitted the following 
report, which was adopted, and the officers named duly 
elected I 
President— Eowakd G. Fatlb, of Westchester. 
Vice Presidents— 1st District, Jab. Bowman Johnston, 
New York; 2d, Sam mu. TitOHNB, Washington Hollow, 
Dutchess County; 3d, 11 i:rm an Wjcnbici.i., Albany; 4th, 
Ciiaitnckv Boughton, Waterford, Saratoga County; 6th, 
Ei.i Mkiuuam, l.vyden, Lewis County; 6th, Clarks J. 
Havks, UnadiUa, Otsego County; 7th, B. M. Baker, 
Rochester, Monroe County; 8th, T. C. Pbtehb, Darien, 
Genesee County. 
Corresponding Secretary— B bn j. P. Johnson. 
Recording Secretary —E if A 8TU8 Corning, Jr. 
Treasurer —I.rrm:n H. Tucker. 
Executive Committee— James O Sheldon, Genova; 8 am- 
tiitl. Cauiuiku., New York Mills; D. D. T. Moobb, Roeh 
ester; JOSEPH MuGkaw, Jr., Drydon; Oscar Granokr, 
Saratoga Springs. t 
The city of Utica was recommended to the judgmentof 
the Executive Committee, as t.hc proper place for the hold 
ing of the Fair of 1863. 
At the Wednesday evening session, in the Assembly 
Chamber, Dr Asa Fitch, Entomologist to the Society, 
read at, interesting paper on thn Asparagus Heetle, de¬ 
scribing the insect ami its ravages upon the ttfparagus 
crop of Long Island Hon. Hbnrt 8. Randall gave a 
very interesting account of Rabies in Sheep, relating the 
symptoms and result of several cases in his own flock. 
Hon .1 Stanton Gould made, an admirable report on the 
Cut/nre and Manufacture of Flare, describing tho niaehin 
cry (examined by the Committee of which he is Chair 
man, | in operation at Luckport and Perm Y'un. Mr, See 
rotary Johnson gavo a spirited and patriotic account of the 
Internationa! Exhibition at London, and of tho unexpect¬ 
ed success of American exhibitors. These papers and re 
ports are to be published at length in tho Transactions, 
but wu shall meantime endeavor to give abstracts of them 
in the Rural. 
On Thursday evening the retiring President, Mr. Cor 
nki.i., delivered an instructive address, 
THE COLD STORMS 
They mean something; they produce effects; 
these effects should be studied. The farmer 
should study them, and if evil results from them, 
he should set about counteracting or preventing 
the same. 
Those cold storms exhaust the vitality of ani¬ 
mals exposed to them. In proportion as this 
exhaustion takes place, an increased consump¬ 
tion of heat-producing food occurs. This is an 
unnecessary expense. It is one of the leaks of 
the farm. Js this trite? Is it an oft-repeated asser¬ 
tion? If so, it is because the practice of men 
readers its repetition important. There are few 
readers of (lie Rural, probably, who have no 
shelter for domestic animals. It is not the pur¬ 
pose of this article to establish the importance 
and advantage of providing shelter for, but of 
sheltering animals in cold weather. It is the 
practice of many farmers to shelter stock only 
nights and during extraordinary storms. Such 
men turn the stock out of doors at dawn and 
shut it up at dusk. The importance of exercise 
and raising two calves. I have done it all my¬ 
self—no Bridgets or Susans to help in the least 
Been very regular in milking, and kept my 
cows in the stable every night the year round. 
Splitting Wood. 
S. Parsons tells the Am. Agriculturist that 
the boys engaged in splitting the year’s fuel, can 
make it easier, and lesson the danger of cutting 
their feet by the following arrangement: — Take 
a large block of hard wood, say two feet or more 
in diameter, and of convenient length; set it up 
endwise, and in the middle dig out a hole seven 
or eight inches in diameter, and about six inches 
deep. Tliis will hold the sticks upright, and 
they can be split into several pieces without 
handling. The hole can be easily made in a 
very little time with an auger and chisel. 
Tying up Wool 
A correspondent of the Albany Cultivator 
furnishes tho following description of his method 
of tying wool-fleeces, and of the box used for 
that purpose. 
gttquirifs mtfl 
How TO Curb a Kicking Cow.— Procure a lcathor strap 
shout three feet long, with two buckles on it, having them 
placed the nearest to on« end, each to buckle opposite 
way*; buckle the short end around the fore leg just, above 
the foot; be.ml the kneo so the foot will touch the leg close 
to the body; pass the long end of the strap around the leg 
and buckle it Then sit down on a stool, place y our kneo 
against her hind leg, and you havo her in position where 
she cannot kick to harm yon—A Young Farmbk, Pass it- 
ion, A. 1'. 
IIorsk Training— Hading .—In answer to an inquiry 
in the Rural of Jan, 3d, how to train a horse to back, I 
would say, I have a inode of training which 1 think good. 
Hitch the young horse to an empty wagon, by the side of 
a steady horse that, is good to back Sec tout the harness 
is all right. Get into the wagon, take hold of the reins 
and pull gently—at the same time saying, “ Whoa, hack.” 
If tho good horse cannot hack the other, hitch another 
horre, or two, at the hind end of tho wagon, letting them 
draw lightly, and proceed as before. In a short time ho 
will learn to back a good load.—Y oung Farmer, Pavii- 
itm, A. V 
Oneida, 
Pleasant. Springs, Dane Co., W’ls., Jan. 27, 1863. 
myself I can also give in my “ Observations” on 
passing events. Then, to proceed at once, I will 
take my “text” from a “ Leaf of my Memorctrtr 
<hna” in regard to the weather from the 1st of 
December, 1802, until the 25th insk 
According to my observations, wo have had 
! very little snow, but a large amount of rain, 
which will bo perceived by the following synop¬ 
sis:—Cold, 10 days; snow, parts of eight days; 
cloudy, 28 days; rain, 12 days; clear, 17 days; 
clear and cloudy at intervals, II days. The 
ground has been frozen but a few times, aud 
each of short duration. Rain and mud seem to 
predominate. 
Wheat, of which there is a large breadth sown, 
looks well. It made a good growth last fall, and 
seems to grow line this spring-like weather, and 
looks like a full average crop lor tho coming 
harvest. The wheat crop of 1862 for this vicin¬ 
ity was u full average. Corn not so good. Hay. 
moderate crop. Potatoes uot an average cron. 
11 is nothing new, but may Ik- of 
service to some: 
M ake a square box, say two feet high—eighteen 
inches square at the bottom, with a gradual slop¬ 
ing increase to the top, making it twenty-two by 
twenty-four inches at die latter—have it well 
dove-tailed together no top or bottom. On the 
top midway of each side, saw down three or four 
inches: in those cuts place two strings reaching 
to the bottom, (which should sit on a smooth sur¬ 
face) crossing each other at right angles on the 
Which Kind oh Clov*h Skid, &c —Will you, or some 
knowing farmer, give your views as to the best kinds of 
clover seed to sow for pasture and for enriching the land T 
Also, what kind of seed shall 1 use to seed down an old 
orchard? Full iufoimation thankfully rcie,ved.-J A 
Mo , Atw/anc, A. Y. 
Will “some'knowing farmer’’ please respond to the 
above ? We have In our mind's eye a icore or more who 
can give the “full information” desired from practical 
experience. 
Work on Dairy Farming —Can yon tell me where to 
tend for the best and most comprehensive works on tho 
Dairy, Cl.sc making especially? > intend to put on to 
my ho in in Ibe spring about 60 cows, »i.d 1 want to in- 
truut mytelf on the subject of checre-maUIng,— I’. J. 
Avery, Jackson Co., Huh. 
“Milk Cows and Dairy Farming,” by Chas. L. Flint, 
—a duodecimo volume of 426 pages, published by Cros¬ 
by, Nichols iSt Co., Boston—is tho most complete work 
on tho subject, adapted to this couutry, which you can ob¬ 
tain. It. treats upon the breeds, brooding, and manage¬ 
ment, In ]width and disease, of dairy and »ther stock; the 
selection of milch cow?, with a full explanation of Gue¬ 
non's Mct.lwd; the culture of forage plants, and the pro¬ 
duction of Milk, Butler aud Cheese: embodying the most 
recent improvements and adapted to farming in the Uni¬ 
ted States aud British Provinces. The volume also con¬ 
tains “a treatise upon toe Dairy Husbandry of Holland; 
to which is added Horsefall’s System of Dairy Manage¬ 
ment." It is liberally illustrated. If your booksellers 
have not the work send $1.60 (which we think is the price) 
to the publishers. 
His remarks on 
the improvement of Stock, Fences and8oi!ing, were prac¬ 
tical, logical and conclusive, and ought to be widely pub 
lished. The President elect, Mr. Fa ilk, made a neat 
though brief Introductory speech — acknowledging the 
honor conferred, and indicating that the duties of Presi¬ 
dent would be discharged to the host of his ability. 
Tin* Winter Exhibition of Fruit, Grain and Seeds, 
Daily Product*, he., was held on Thursday. The display 
of Fruit was very flue for tho season; and of Grain and 
Heeds quite respectable. Western New York was well 
represented, a* will Ip? seen by reference to the subjoined 
list of premiums awarded : 
PltUJT. 
Best collection of Winter Pears, F.lhvangcr & Barry, Roch¬ 
ester, - -- Diploma and Silver MndsI 
How to Make Maple Sugar. 
Tiyn following timely article is from (he pen 
of one who manufactures maple sugar largely in 
Ne w Hampshire, and is addressed to the Journal 
of Agriculture in that State: 
We have, been in tho practice of making annu¬ 
ally, iu our sugar establishment, from 2,500 to 3,500 
pounds of maple sugar; and when tve could 
obtain from two to four cents per pound more 
than the cost of tho best loaf aud granulated 
sugars, wo have sometimes sold qurselves so 
short as to buy for home use a barrel or two of 
the best granulated sugar. Much depends, how¬ 
ever, upon the manner in which maple sugar is 
made. Wo make our sugar in this way: 
Our buckets and holders are all thoroughly 
scalded and rinsed previous to setting. Our 
evaporating pans, of which \vc use eight, are 
scraped, washed, and made perfectly clean before 
use. We then endeavor to gather aud evaporate 
the sap, as speedily as possible after it lias left 
the trees, to a consistency a little thinner than 
molasses. 
It is then strained and set aside until we are 
ready to sugar it off 
ABOUT FLAX CULTURE — INQUIRIES. 
Ens. Rural New-Yorker:—! wish to make 
some inquiries in regard to the cultivation of 
flax as a crop, the amount of seed to be sown 
per acre, time of sowing, <tc.; tho probable 
amount of seed to be harvested from an acre, 
also the amount of lint usually grown, and the 
price that seed and lint would probably bring in 
market fur the ensuing year, together with the 
probabilities there are of having such a market? 
I have written the above inquiries in relation 
to the culture of flax, at the suggestion of a 
neighbor, who was at Waterloo, Seneca Co,, N. 
Y., a few days since, where be met a man traveling 
in pursuit ol’ a location, or locations, to hire land 
of the farmers in order to have (fax sown thereon 
the present season, lie finding seed and doing the 
work, except the fitting of the ground for the crop, 
which the farmers were to do, and lie would like 
to get a large amount sawn, Ac. Now, I wish to 
inquire if there are swell men, or company of 
men, who wish to hire ground for the sowing of 
flax, what they propose to do with the lint when 
raised, or where it is to be manufactured? I am 
aware there is a company organized to manufac¬ 
ture flax at Lockport, but what has been done, or 
what they will do, 1 am uot informed. Can any 
one give the desired information as to either of 
the above questions? If so, I should lie glad to 
hear from them. In these times of high prices 
for cotton goods, there should be a problem 
solved in flax culture that shall be of vast benefit 
to future generations, and the problem is this:— 
Can we raise flax in the Middle States and have 
it manufactured so as to take the place of cotton 
goods at a profit? If this question can be defi¬ 
nitely answered in the affirmative, (as 1 think it 
may be.) then a revolution in our farming will 
surely follow, aud we shall not have to depend 
upon the caprice of the Southern States, or upon 
imports from England, for our shirtings and 
sheetings, but can have them grown upon our 
own soil, and manufactured by our own artisans, 
which will be One more step toward indepen¬ 
dence by our borne producing population. 
Rome, N. Y., 1863. J. Taloott. 
An International Agricultural Exhibition, with 
the co-operation of tho German Agricultural Society, xb 
announced to beheld at Hamburg, Germany, oil the 14th 
to 20th July, 1863. A large and influential Committee 
have been appointed to carry out the undertaking, file sure. 
Austin Baldwin & Co,, of 72 Broadway, New York, are 
the Agents of the Committee for this Continent, They 
are authorized to grant certificates and forma of entry to 
intending exhibitors. All the prizes are open to general 
competition. Entries must be made on or before 16th of 
April next. Prizes are offered for Horses, Cattle, Sheep, 
Pigs, Poultry, Implements and Machinery, and Agricul¬ 
tural Produce of all kinds. The prizes are on a liberal 
scale, ranging for stock from 400 thalers ($300) to about 
20 thalers ($15.) 
FARM GATES, 
Dear Rural:— After mtdiug S. VV. Arnold’s 
method of making farm gates, I could not refrain 
from taking my pen to suggest to Mr. Arnold, 
and your readers generally, some important im¬ 
provements. Ilis gate is loo heavy. Instead of 
•i by 4. or 4 by 6 scantling for the back post, into 
which the boards arc framed, 4 by 3, if oak, is 
sufficient And instead of 4 by 4 scantling for 
the front post, put a 4 inch strip of pine hoard 
on each side, and nail firmly through with 
wrought nails and clinch. 1 put a brace on both 
sides, dove-tailed in the top/jf the scantling. I 
use pine boards—always morticing through the 
scantling. The braces need not be more than 4 
or 5 inches wide—the three upper slats 5 inches, 
and the two lower ones 6 and 7 inches. It is im¬ 
portant to have the front end of the gate tight, 
and made iu the abovo manner, they arc quite 
as durable, and far less liable to sag or warp. 
I have gates made us above, that have been in 
use twelve years, and bid fair to last as much 
longer. They are cheaper and much more dur¬ 
able than the heavy oak gates used in this section. 
East Kendall, N Y., 1863. A. Knifpkn. 
P. S. Can any of your readers give me infor¬ 
mation as to the durability of soft maple as fence 
posts ? a. k. 
When we commence this 
process, to syrup enough to make forty pounds 
of sugar we add one pint of milk and one or two 
eggs well beaten and nixed together. Place the 
syrup over the tire, and when the scum rises 
skim it off into a vessel for future use. After the 
skimming is through, remove the syrup from the 
lire and strain it through flannel, to remove all 
little curds, which, if suffered to remain, would 
not only injure the quality, but, by settling to the 
bottom, would endanger burning. Now we 
wash our evaporating pan, return the Hyrup, and 
place it over a brisk fire, and evaporate as quick¬ 
ly as possible to the proper consistence. If it is 
to be caked, it must be harder than for tub sugar, 
or to stir oft’dry. Keep saleratns and all other 
drugs out of your sugar, if you desire a pure 
maple taste and a wholesome article. 
When the season is through, gather your uten¬ 
sils, and scald and scrub every one perfectly 
clean, if you wish to continue making good sugar 
in the future. Iu this order the evaporating pans 
are excepted, which should be put away iu a dry 
place with tho glazed coating on them, which is 
the best protection from rust. 
Agricultural Collkck Lands.— The State of Rhode 
Island was the first to officially accept a donation of lands 
under the agricultural college bill passed last year. Her 
Secretary of State went to Washington at once with the 
papers, and lias received scrip locating 120,000 acres in 
Kansas. Several other States hare taken measures to se¬ 
cure their portions of the public domain offered to aid in 
establishing and sustaining Agricultural Colleges Is it 
not time for the Empire State to secure her share ? 
Tub Wkather of the past week has been seasonable — 
with sufficient snow to make good Weighing iu this region. 
Just as the snow was going, a heary storm occurred on 
Thursday week, (12Ui,) extending over most of the State. 
We have hud good sleighing aud lively times for nearly 
two weeks, but at this writing (noon of the 17th) the snow 
is melting fast under a bright sun, aud some wheeled 
vehicles are already “out.” 
STANCHIONS-PORK MAKING. 
Forkion Slkd Wheat.— It is said that the Commission¬ 
er of Agriculture has received the Marsdcn whe»t, purchas¬ 
ed for the Department by Col B. P Johnson durmg his 
recent sojourn in England as a Commissionerto the luter- 
national Exhibition, a very choice Spring variety, high¬ 
ly popular in the North of England. It will be judicious¬ 
ly distributed l>y the Department 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —A number of 
years since I made mangers to feed my cattle, 
and used ropes to tie with; but what should I 
see? One animal punching one way, and some¬ 
times both ways. It would have been a perfect 
knocking down had they fallen when struck, and 
the fodder was thrown from the manger, in try¬ 
ing to beat each other. Finally I tried putting 
the master cow in first, but this I found to be 
quite a tax in putting them in. Tried it a few 
years and thon tore out the ropes and put in 
The Subfi’ Slaughtered in Nkw York City average 
10,000 per week, which, added to 1,000 dressed carcasses 
received, makes the consumption of the city 11,000 every 
seven days, or 672,000 per year. Well fed sheep weigh¬ 
ing 100 lbs. alive, sold all through January at $5j£ to $6>£ 
per head. 
Large Pampas Grass.—A plant of this beautiful grass, 
in the Arcbball Gardens, Ireland, had this year 122 flower 
stems. Last year it had 63. The plant is about 33 feet in 
circumference It had received no stimulant, with the ex¬ 
ception of one watering of soapsuds.— Gardener's Ohron. 
