HOW TO RE-ESTABLISH $HE UNION. 
timcH pa*t. But some, limes ore past.—times of 
peace and security, for instance. It is because 
of the grand necessities ol the present time, that 
a little space in your columns is asked for. I 
want to urge the friends of t his Natiou to take 
instant- measures for uniting, concentrating, and 
usinp their strength. Tlie saving of the Govern¬ 
mental Fabric, with the principles aud interests 
of whicli it is the embodiment, is a business 
worthy of all the honest endeavor needful to 
accomplish it. The bountiful and blessed privi¬ 
leges which two generations have enjoyed in 
this country, are too precious for base surrender. 
The question is coining, nay, it is here. Who 
think enough of themselves, and all that a free¬ 
man holds dear, to standfor the rightf Who are 
they? Let them liogin to waken to the mighty 
contest! Let them band and resolve —down in 
that deep place in the human heart, where re¬ 
solves have fire and power and endurance— re¬ 
solve that Got) ami their Country shall have 
their first service, and their last, till God and 
their Country stand acknowledged, justified and 
obeyed. 
Mr. Editor, what I mean to say, is, that those 
who are seeking the destruction of the Govern¬ 
ment. and who. with their sympathizers and 
dupes, are practical enemies to equal and gen¬ 
uine civil liberty—that they, at this moment, 
have such a power in this country as will bind 
us hand and loot, if we suffer it. 1!' wo do suffer 
answered Charles, “but that is a good start 
towards knowing more. There is hope of you. 
You will begin to learn now. You will begin to 
grow.’’ 
“ But, how do yon manage to think so much, 
and take such pleasure in it?—for I know it must 
be a pleasure, although the effort I make is great¬ 
er, and the work harder, than raking scatterings 
alter a load of hay -and by the way, CHARLEY, 
if there is anything I do detest, after churning 
and turning the grindstone, it is this same raking 
scatterings. But I've got to stay out of school 
and do it. next week, it is hard to say which is 
the worst for mo; on the whole, 1 think I like 
school best.” 
“You ask how 1 manage to think and take 
pleasure in it, Tom. By applying what I learn 
in books to objects and occurrences of out-of-door 
and every-day life. For instance, you are con¬ 
stantly at work with your toes in the mud thore, 
under water. See those bubbles rise. What 
makes them do ho ? What are those bubbles, 
and why should they not rise at other times than 
when you are agitating the mud ?” 
,k VVoll, now! low a ninny. Haven't I been 
watching those same bubbles this half hour, try¬ 
ing to make them teach mo something ?—but 1 
never thought of inquiring tohy they rose oil the 
surface, or where they came from, or what, caused 
them. I supposed they were caused by stirring 
the water.” 
“Bui why should stirring the. water create bub¬ 
bles, Tom ? I take this stick and stir it rapidly 
in the water; 1 pie not touch the bottom, do not 
stir the mud, and yet, when 1 Btop moving the 
stick the surface is covered with bubbles. You 
thrust your toes or a stick illlo the mud, but do 
not stir the water, and yet thejbubbles rise rapid 
ly from the bottom; there, you see them come 
up. There is a difference in the manner of 
making the bubbles, and yet they appear very 
much alike. Now what, causes these bubbles?" 
“ Why, 1 suppose they are air.” 
’• But why do they not rise constantly? Where 
docs the air come from? ami<jwhy does it, rise if 
it is air?” 
“ 1 do not know.wliy they do not. keep rising 
when you cease stirring-—do you, Charley ?” 
“Yes. If 1 stir the water rapidly, the parti¬ 
cles of air which the weight of the atmosphere 
forces into the water are united, and when of suf¬ 
ficient bulk escape as bubbles; being so much 
lighter than water they rkse.j&Rapid stirring, too, 
allows the air a passage into the water in greater 
bulk, and when 1 stop stirring it, it rises.” 
“ Well, Charley, is it air that rises from the 
mud when I run my toes or a stick into it. ?” 
“Sometimes it, is; but. it is as often marsh gas 
or light carbureted hydrogen gas that accumu¬ 
lates there as vegetable matter decays. For you 
see all these water plants here fall to the bottom 
of the stream and decay thore. Sometimes this 
gas escapes in larger quantities, when the water 
covers a largo mass of decaying or decayed veg¬ 
etable matter, as in marshes. Hence it is called 
marsh gas. I have often gathered and burned it. 
But it is school-time, and I will tell you how to 
do it another time.’ 1 
“ Well, i declare, how time passes! Here we 
have talked all the morning, and you have not 
told me what you were thinking of yesterday. 
But never mind, l am anxious to know more 
about, this gas. You’ll show!me how to gather 
it ?" 
“ Yes, and tell you what I was thinking about, 
too, the next time we get a chance to talk; but 
we must not be lalo at school you know, Tom.” 
“No, of course not; but, 1 say, Charley, I 
have learned more this morning than 1 shall learn 
all the rest of the day out of those old, musty 
books.” 
LODGES OF THE SIOUX INDIAN 
The Blackfeet are a powerful tribe at the foot, 
of the Rocky Mountains, and between the Yel¬ 
lowstone River and the Missouri. They are one 
of the most powerful and formidable tribes iu 
the western territory, and have given much 
trouble to the Government, which, on tuoro than 
one occasion, has found it necessary to send 
troops to overawe them. Against them the 
famous expedition to the Yellowstone, in 1820 
and 1827, under command of Gen. Atkinson, 
was directed. They are said to number about 
lo,(X)() warriors, but as they receive no annuities 
forming a cone which sheds rain and shelters 
from the wind with perfect success. These 
lodges, though exceedingly Simple, are peculiarly | 
adapted to the wants of a roving people. 
We also give portraits of representatives | 
from the Delaware and Blackfeet tribes, The j 
Delawares, now located in Kansas, once occu- I 
pied the Valley of the Delaware River and | 
die banks of the Schuylkill. According to their 
traditions they were iu past ages eminent for 
valor and wisdom, and held a prominent place in 
Indian history, exerting an authoritative milli¬ 
on c« from the Chesapeake to the Hud¬ 
son. This claim seems to be recognized 
by the other tribes of their lineage, who 
apply to them the honorable title of 
grandfather. On the rise of the Iro¬ 
quois power they lost their independ¬ 
ence; and in the large assembly of > 
tribes which concluded tho treaty at . 
Lancaster in 1744, the Iroquois denied < 
the right of the Delawares U> alienate ^ 
their lands. The latter, being imme- 
diately ordered by their masters to 
remove to the banks of the Susque- 
kunna, left forever the regiofl of their yffjpjr 
native Delaware. 
They possess 375,000 acres of land at ^t 
tho mouth of the Kansas River, and 
three times this amount at higher points r d 
on that river and its tributaries. Their 
number was returned in 1840 at 830; in ■ 
ls/>0 at 1,500; and is now estimated at 
above 2,000. A considerable portion of them are 
cultivators of tho soil, raise horses, cattle, and 
hogs, and dress iu many respects in civilized cos¬ 
tume. The tJ. S. hold in trust for them a school 
fund of $7,800. and a general fund of $915,375. 
During the past four months considerable 
attention bas been drawn toward the Indian 
population of the West, because of their dreadful 
massacre of whites in the thinly settled portions 
of Minnesota. That young State has three tribes 
located within her boundaries, 
bagos and Chippewas 
numbers as to prove 
Sioux, Winne- 
— and these are in such 
a subject of alarm when 
they decide upon taking the war path. Their 
recent foray was quite formidable, aud was only 
quelled after they bad slaughtered in cold blood 
several hundred men, women aud children. If 
their defeat is followed up by a punishment at 
all proportioned to the malignant spirit they dis¬ 
played in the murder of tho helpless whites, it is 
more than probable that the Indians in Minne¬ 
sota will not soun disturb the tranquillity ol her 
inhabitants. 
The Daeolah or Sioux tribe of Indians, is one 
of tho most numerous in our country, number¬ 
ing, according to Gatlin, forty or fifty thousand 
souls, and able, at any time, to muster ten thou¬ 
sand warriors, well mounted and‘armed. The 
personal appearance of these people, is very tine 
and prepossessing, their persons tall and straight, 
and movement elastic and graceful. Mr. C. says 
that one-half of the warriors are six feet or more 
in height This great family occupy a vast tract 
of country, extending from the Mississippi to 
the base of tho Rocky Mountains, and are, eve¬ 
rywhere, a roving, migratory people. They are 
composed of forty-two bands, each having a 
chief who acknowledges a superior, or head chief. 
Their homes, which are represented above, are 
made of buffalo skins, in the form of tents; the 
frames of which are poles fifteen or twenty feet 
in length—the butt ends standing upon the 
ground, and the small ends meeting at the top— 
WESTERN HOMES-IOWA, 
from the Government, little care has been taken 
to obtain a correct census. They are great 
robbers and depredators, and furnish large 
quantities of furs, <&c., to the American traders 
on the Yellowstone. 
of an evil eye. Thomson tells us that the Syrians 
stand in such dread of this blight that they resort 
to countless charms to ward if off. If you only 
look at a beautiful child, you must repeat tho 
name of the I’rpphot of God, or of the Virgin, 
with a prayer for protection, if you extol the 
beauty of a horse, you must immediately spit, on 
it; and the same is sometimes done to a child, 
though most persons aro content to blow in Us 
face and pronounce a charm. Bright and strik¬ 
ing figures are made on fig trees to draw atten¬ 
tion from tho fruit, lest it should be blasted by a 
too steadfast look. We read also of haughty and 
lofty eyes, of eyes that are wanton, of the eyes 
of a fool that are in tho ends of the earth, 
and of the eyes of the spouse in Canticle, which 
are like the “fish-pools in llcsklow. by the gate 
of Batlv-rabbim.”— II, M, Hatfield. 
MECHANISM OF THE EYE 
A little black ant found a large grain of wheat, 
Too heavy to carry or roll; 
So ho begged of a neighbor he happened to meet, 
To htdp him down into his hole. 
“ I’ve got my own work to look after," said he, 
“ You must a«k some one else, if you please;" 
Aud he crawled off as selfish and crows os could be, 
Aud lay down to sleep at his cose. 
Just then a good brother passed by on the road, 
Aud seeing his neighbor iu need, 
Came up and assisted him iu with his load, 
For lie was a neighbor indeed. 
Let all who this story may happen to hear, 
Learn this simple lesson by it; 
For sometimes it happens, young people appear 
As cross as the ant, every bit. 
The goodmatured ant, who assisted his brother, 
May teach those who choo«e to be taught, 
That, if little insects be kind to each other, 
UV ever most certainly ought. 
facts. Crabs have their eyes “ placed at the 
extremity of shelly foot-stalks, which are them¬ 
selves on movable hinges, capable of being pro¬ 
jected at pleasure, moved in different directions, 
and packed away, when not in active use. in cer¬ 
tain grooves hollowed out expressly for them in 
the front margin of t he shell.” The garden snail 
carries his eyes at tho extremity of a pair of 
horns. Most persons suppose the scallop to be 
blind, but it, has eyes by the score, and every one 
of them bright as an emerald, and beautifully 
set. A single dragon-fly. according to the com¬ 
putation of naturalists, has more than 20,000 eyes, 
and splendid ones they are. The spider has 
fewer eyes—generally not more than eight in 
number—but they are perfect iu form, finely set, 
and almost as brilliant as diamonds. The eye of 
the eel is protected by u tough transparent cov¬ 
ering that enables him to thrust his head through 
sand and mud without at all impairing kisvision. 
The fish hawk has eyes that are both telescopic 
and microscopic, to fit him tor tho life he leads. 
Animalculae too minute to be seen by the human 
eye, aro found, when examined by a magnifying 
glass, to have well-defined and useful organs of 
vision. 
Solomon seems to have made the ey e a study, 
and frequently refers to it in his writings. He 
warns us against eating the bread of him that 
hath an evil eye — that is, of the covetous hypo¬ 
crite who grudges bis guests the entertainment 
to which he has invited them. In the Last, the 
words of Solomon would receive a more literal 
application; for to this day there are whole na- 1 The miser is not vain ; he thinks a penny bet- 
tions that have full faith in the malignant potency ter worth saving than his soul. 
CHARLES RIVERS AND HIS THOUGHTS 
NUMBER two. 
BY LEAD PENCIL, ESQ. 
Watcuing One’s Self.—W hen I was a boy, 
we had a schoolmaster who had an odd way of 
catching idle boys. One day he called out to us, 
“ Boys, I must have closer attention to your 
books. The first one that sees another boy idle, 
I want you to inform me, and I will attend to the 
case.” All! thought I to myself, there is Joe 
Simmons that I don’t like. I’ll watch him, and 
if 1 see him look off his book I’ll tell. It was 
not long before I saw Joe look off his book, 
and immediately I informed the master. “ In¬ 
deed!” said he; “how did you know he was 
idle?” “I saw him,” said I. “You did; and 
worn vour eyes on your book when you saw 
him?” i was caught, and I never watched for 
idle boys again. If wo are sufficiently watchful 
over our own conduct, we will have no time to 
find fault with the conduct of others. 
Tom Defoe had always been a classmate with 
Charles Rivers. Ho was called “rattle-head¬ 
ed,” “ hair-brained,” “ full of music.” He always 
had his lessons well learned, and yet it was said 
of him, “ no one ever knew when he learned 
them.” Ilis study was only to memorize; the 
recitation over, and that was the end of his cares 
and thoughts concerning his studies. Perhaps 
some young readers are like him. Do they over 
ask why o thing is no ? Do they seek to know 
why, because ih“ teacher requires it, simply, or 
from & desire to know ? The boy or girl who seeks 
alter the reason, the why of .-••!iu»!-ruom asser¬ 
tions, and travels, iu his researches, up the ave¬ 
nues constantly opening for his mental footsteps, 
will find, as he matures, that ku has traveled over 
important ground, and he will never regret that 
he “ lost himself thinking" of subjects suggested 
by his lessons or his teacher. 
Tom Defoe was fond of sport, fond of his 
school-mate, Charles, and always enjoyed his 
When anger rushes, unrestrained, to action, 
like a hot steed, it stumbles on its way. The man 
of thought strikes deepest and strikes safely. 
