foot distant from the body for every inch of its 
diameter. A tree, the body of which is three 
inches in diameter, would be root-pruned three 
feet from the base of its body. 
Another characteristic of the orchard is. that 
the heads are low—within a foot and a half or 
two feet of the ground. Few. if any, are higher 
than three feet The product from it is very 
large for a young orchard. 
There is much more concerning the profit of 
this orchard, that might be written; but this 
article is now too long. It is sufficient to say 
that its proprietor is fully satisfied with its re¬ 
turns, and is enlarging it annually. He is a 
practical man, and a horticultural authority 
where he is known. His name is A. R. Whit- 
net, Franklin Grove, Illinois. 
the canes do not extend downward; for as far as 
1 have observed, the downward cane always 
suiters for want of nourishment, being robbed of 
its portion bv the upright ones. In this respect 
a great advantage is gained by my system of tre* 1 - 
Using, described in the Rubai, volume of I860; 
for the trellis laying Hat, it matters not in what 
direction branches are bent, I still hold to that 
style of trellis, as best adapted for the vineyard. 
With regard to disproportioning the top and 
roots of a grape vine, there seems to me to he but 
little danger to he apprehended; for, with a little 
care in pruning, the roots will adapt themselves 
to any sized head, provided the soil is kept in 
proper condition. As an illustration, I will 
give the size of some of my vines, with the 
yield of their fruit:—I have three Clinton vines, 
planted in 1S54, against the south side of a board 
fence, of a yard for cow and hens, and trained so 
as to cover a portion of the yard. They now 
cover a surface of 840 square feet, and are 
now in as fine a condition as can be desired. 
The yield of fruit from these three vims has 
been, in 1868, 165 pounds; in 1850, 257 pounds.; 
in 1860, 377 pounds; and in 1861, 507 pounds. 
Through carelessness the record of last fall was 
lost; still the yield was about the sumo as in 
1861. Again, in my vineyard, most of the Clin¬ 
ton vines are planted live feet distant in the 
rows, the vines laying on a trellis five feet wide, 
making twenty-five feet trellis to the vine, and l 
have weighed twenty-five pounds of grapes from 
a single vine, covering no more than its allotted 
space. 1 have Isabella vines covering 180 square 
feet, and others covering only 40, both doing 
equally well. I have cut vines from four to five 
years old to one or two buds, in order to obtain 
a rank growth, and have never failed to obtain 
it And 1 should still do so if I desired an extra 
thrifty shoot; but, of course, I should not look for 
fruit until the following year. Such severe prun¬ 
ing should never be done late in spring; for the 
severe bleeding would damage the vine. I have 
never observed injury to arise from severe win¬ 
ter pruning, except that by doing it too close, a 
heavy growth of wood will follow with but little 
fruit ; but I have noticed injury from severe sum¬ 
mer pruning; but I will let summer pruning go 
for the present. Geo. Beck. 
Charlotte, N. Y., 1863. 
vided with trees of this character, and farmers, 
perhaps more than any other class of laborers, 
think they have not time to spend in raising, for 
the use of their families, a supply of fruit requir¬ 
ing much attention, so that this metliwd, unpro¬ 
fessional and slovenly as it maybe called, is just 
what they want. Try the experiment of train¬ 
ing at least one grape vine, one of the cheaper, 
commoner sorts, if you choose, on a tree. 
The above was written before the Rural for 
Feb. 28 . containing an article on Grape Culture, 
was received, a. 
South Idvonin, N. Y., 1803. 
Allowing a vine to spread over a tree is better 
than crowding it on a trellis uncared for—a per¬ 
fect mass of useless branches that can bear no 
fruit—but it is far better to confine a vine to a 
trellis, where every branch is under perfect con¬ 
trol, and gives all the fruit it can sustain. 
CANNING FRUIT. 
HOW TO MAKE AN OHCHAHD PAY. 
It is a part of a good farmer's duty to plant an 
orchard. It is equally his duty to take care of it; 
and it should be his aim to make it pay him for 
the capital and labor invested in it, and for the 
use of the land it occupies. 
I have recently examined a Western orchard 
that pays. 11 may interest Western men to know 
something of its history and management. I 
will give it briefly. 
1— The ground on which this orchard was 
planted is rolling prairie, it being located on the 
back and east and west sides of one of these 
prairie rolls. 
2— The soil was prepared for the trees by deep 
plowing, and throwing the same into narrow beds 
so as to secure surface drainage. Mole drains 
were also run through portions of the field where 
underdrainage seemed necessary. 
3— The trees were, most of them, planted on 
these narrow, back-furrowod beds; or the soil 
was afterwards back-furrowed to the trees so as 
to prevent the surface water collecting around 
the collar of the tree in winter, and freezing there. 
4— Twice as many trees were planted on an 
acre as it was intended should remain for a per¬ 
manent orchard. 
5— It was carefully cultivated early in its 
history; but when five or six years old it was 
seeded with red clover. The clover is cut about 
the time, or before it is in bloom; and the cutting 
is so arranged that a double swath is left under 
each row of trees. This forms a mulch. The 
after-growth of clover, if allowed to mature its 
seed, is not cut. No crop is taken from the 
ground at all, except the fruit from the tree. 
This clover crop is a wonderful manure. The 
amount of it is very large. I noticed that under 
the trees where the swaths had been left, there 
were no live clover plants—no roots in the soil. 
But the crop of seed in the after-growth provides 
for a crop next year. This clover crop is one of 
the aids employed to bring the orchard into 
early bearing. The first effect is to chock the 
growlh of the tree. This induces the produc¬ 
tion of fruit Then the clover is a healthful 
protection and manure. The soil is kept pro¬ 
ductive; the fruit is developed; the tree thrives; 
and yet no unhcalthful growth is made late in 
the season, 
Such is the culture which is given the orchard, 
by which it is kept in condition to produce. 
6— One-half of the trees in this orchard are 
made to produce while young. The other half 
are left to mature and bear their fruit in the nat¬ 
ural way. The trees intended for early bearing 
are root-pruned. Thus they are made to pro¬ 
duce early, and the trees so dwarfed as not to 
interfere with the growth of the other half. 
“How root-pruned?—with the spade?”—the 
reader will ask. “ That would be an endless 
task, and it is no use o’ talking—we can’t under- 
take that,—” 
No sir, not with a spade, but by horse-power, 
with an implement, of which the following is a 
rough sketch: 
mis. kitral NEW-l oukkr: — We are now 
using our canned fruit, and it is so good I must 
tell you how it is put up. Tomatoes are washed 
and bad spots cut off, then cooked and passed 
through a colander, to separate the skins from 
the fruit Other fruits prepared as usual, then 
put up. and the jars sot. in boiling water, until 
hot; then taken out and re-filled, if not full, with 
Hot fruit The top of the jar is coated with wax. 
Prepare one, two. or more thicknesses of strong 
cotton cloth, in pieces so large that they may- 
come over the mouth of the jar, and down on 
the neck of the vessel, (jar, crock or jug;) draw 
down tight and tie with a strong string over the 
cloth around the neck, while hot and full. Then 
coat the cloth well with wax, so hot that it may 
melt the coaling on the jar. If well done, the 
cloth will be drawn down some in the middle; 
when cold, we find this much better than corks. 
Ot about titty quarts we have opened, all were 
in good condition, retaining more of the natural 
flavor of the fruit than any we ever put up 
before. Wm, O. Taylor. 
Bedford, Otiio, Feb., 1863. 
THE ELTON CHEERY. 
This cherry, at the recent meeting of the Mis¬ 
souri State Horticultural Society, was highly 
recommended by several members, as giving a 
good crop of good fruit. President Spaulding 
hoped it would be planted. Mr. Heaver, of 
Cincinnati, said it ought to be on every list of 
three cherries, because of its good quality, hardi¬ 
hood aud great productiveness. 
This tree is a great, grower, with a spreading, 
drooping habit. The fruit is long, heart-shaped, 
pointed; color, light yellow ground, mottled and 
streaked with bright glossy red; flesh, yellow¬ 
ish, tender, juicy, sweet and highly-flavored. 
horticultural ^(Imti.siementsi 
Kill ST CLASS PKACII TltEES for sale 
atfUO per l.euo. Address 
MrrCILRIJ. & NKWS0N, Geneva, N. Y. 
/’ RAPE VINES —Tilt* Inritcst and best stock of Concord, 
[Muware, Dmnn, and other grape vine* can 1m had of 
T. B. MINF.H. Clinton, X V , at half vital olhemajtk. 
nnn apple trees, live to seven foot 
ttHLOl'O Apple Stocks $1 per thousand, 
rood stock Pear, Peach and ..berry Trees. 
re»s S. It. KELLY, 
N- Y. Central Nurseries, Brighton, N. Y. 
TOMATO VINEGAR. 
/'ll! I CORY HEED.—I have n supply of'’hieorv Seed, 
KJ and can supply those who wish to test this foot as a 
substitute for coffee. Sent by mail, postage paid, at 10 Cts. 
an ouuce, or Si,25 per pound. 
J.MIF.S VICE, Rochester, N. Y. 
Noticing an inquiry some time ago in your 
excellent paper about making vinegar, I will 
give my method, which I think better and cheap¬ 
er than any whisky mixture I ever saw, and 
much more healthy'. I take ripe tomatoes, atui 
after washing them put them in ft coarse sieve, 
(a colander will answer just as well,) break them 
to pieces with the hand and rub out the juice. 
Put this in a large jar or some other vessel, and 
in about 24 hours, or, U* the weather is hot, per¬ 
haps less, the pulp of the tomato will rise to the 
top as the scum rises on small beer. Skim this 
all off and then put the juice iu your vinegar keg, 
or barrel, and put it iu a warm place, and if you 
do not have the best of vinegar I shall be very 
much surprised. We have been using our toma¬ 
to vinegar, which was made last summer, about 
three months, and often show it to our visitors, 
by whom it Is universally praised. 
Will some of your many subscribers please tell 
me all about making ice-cream, and oblige, 
St. Anthony, Minn., 1803. Emt.r E. Rkicuakd. 
TRAINING THE GRAPE-BRIGHT’S SYSTEM. 
rFTOBACEO SKKI». 1 have ugonil lot of C"niuxticut Arid 
I /.*-«/ Totuirro, which ] will vend bv mail lo tljo.se who 
desire, at 7.1 cent * per ounce. 1 have also a mi mil into! tim 
best Cuban Heed, sent me by a friend on the Inland. Per¬ 
haps it in worthy of trial — - 0 cents in ounce. 
* ' JAMES VICK, Rochester, N. Y. 
W HITE WILLOW.— Fentons wanting cutting'!of tlo* 
above, can obtain them of the eul'scribor. ;U one hal f 
(nr less of peddlers prices. ALSO, ten acr' s of Evergreens, 
and a general assort moot of nursery products, 
Catalogues aud Willow Circulars on application. 
S87-2t SAMUEL EDWARDS. 
•'The Evergreens, 1 ' Ln Motile, Bureau Co., 01,, Mar. 1863, 
SEED FARM. 
For sale at this Establishment a tine assortment of well- 
grown and thrifty 
Fruit and Ornamental Trent, Vines, Plants and 
Hushes, Flowering Bulbs, <Cc., tf'c, 
GARDEN NEEDS — Exclusively of my own growing, 
warranted fresh and genuine. 
For Descriptive Catalogues ttrotix , address 
IW-f.t FRANCIS KRILL, Newark. New Jersey. 
A TREE TRELLIS FOR GRAPES 
A tree is a natural and excellent trellis for a 
grape vine. Its advantages are obvious: 
It is already made, aud occupies but little 
space. 
The branches of the vine following the branches 
of the tree, can extend themselves lo great 
length, and do not, in a long time, crowd each 
other as, without close and constant 
Design for a Bridal Roquet. —A perfectly 
white design. Centre, cumoliu; azaleas gathered 
round it, yet. put in lightly, and without, trying 
to force a quite level surface, which is nearly 
impossible, and here undesirable. Five more 
camelias at intervals, mixed again with a few of 
the largest azaleas, standing lightly. A low 
orange flowers may be interspersed, and the 
lilies of the vulley, or white heath or clematis. 
If the former, a few leaves of their own may be 
used, but they should be of the youngest and 
palest kind, belonging to roots which have not 
flowered, and they should only just show their 
heads between the lilies and their surrounding 
flowers. If clematis or heath is used, the orange 
flowers and some lilies may be mingled with it; 
but in those suow-wliite groups a very little 
green tells quite sufficiently, ami no separate 
foliage need be used at all. The same pale 
fronds of the maiden-hair could hardly, how¬ 
ever, fail to add some grace and lightness, what¬ 
ever might be the center.— Miss Mailing's Flow¬ 
ers for Ornaments. 
For many years we have, made the cultivation of 
STVE-A-LT, FRUITS 
A specialty, and taking into account vanity, quantity and 
quality, our stock, of Vinks and Plants of 
OK VI s Eli, BLACKBERRIES, 
Sl’lt \WHERRIES, LOOM KKItim S. 
RASPBERRIES, CURRANTS, Ac., 
is uncoupled any whore, which we oiler on (he moat favor 
nbie terms Far ties wishing to purchase, would tin well to 
correspond with us, or send for our now PRICK List, which 
will be -cut to all applicants free of chiuye 
fjs7 J. KNOX, Box 111, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
pruning, 
they soon do uu an ordinary, lower support 
It gives the fruit the best exposure to air and 
sunshine. On an artificial upright trellis much of 
the fruit grows near the ground, where the air is 
thick and heavy, and, consequently, it does not 
become perfectly ripened. On a tree the lowest 
clusters of fruit are nearly or quite us high as 
are the highest ou a common frame, and every 
hunch enjoys a free circulation of air, more 
necessary to it than sunshine. 
A vine supported by a tree, and allowed to 
spread itself freely and naturally, sets uo more 
fruit than it can ripen; on an ordinary trellis, 
thinning out is an indispensable requisite to the 
realization of good, well-ripened grapes. 
A tree affords natural drainage, and serves as 
a preventive of excessive feeding to the vino 
planted beneath it, which are important consid¬ 
erations in rich, wet soils; for, though an abun¬ 
dance of food aud water may bo favorable to a 
great growth of vine.*, and the production of a 
largo quantity of flne-iooking, indifferent-tasting 
fruit, I believe it will generally bo found that 
the best-flavored grapes grow in moderate quan¬ 
tities on high-reaching vines that have little to 
eat, and less to drink. 
And, finally, a tree trellis, by lifting up the 
vine and its fruit into the most congenial atmos¬ 
phere, is far more certain to bring to perfection 
lute-ripening varieties of grapes than any of the 
common, artificial contrivances for that purpose. 
The best Isabellas we raised lust year were the 
product of a vine that runs on a tree. 
The difficulty of pruning a vine supported by 
a tree, the smaller size attained by the clusters of 
grapes as well as by single berries, the greater 
trouble of gathering the fruit, and the danger, 
perhaps certainty, of killing the tree in a few 
years by making such use of it, may be reckoned 
among the disadvantages of the tree-trellis. 
But, unless wo set it down as a rule that 
Nature's way is altogether wrong, that she is not 
capable of carrying on her business for a few 
years, even in the matter of a grape-vine, with¬ 
out the help of man's Ingenuity, we may neglect 
3NT HI W <3r RAPE 
STEWART'S NEW SEEDLING 
Puff Past e for Tarts. —Seeing a request in 
the Rural, from Mrs. 1\, for tins best method of 
making Puff Paste, for tarts, I venture to send 
the recipe I invariably use, and always with suc¬ 
cess:- To half a pound of flour add half a pound 
of lard and a teaapoonful of salt; rub together 
thoroughly; then add half a teacupful of cold 
water, aud stir it in with the hand. Avoid mix¬ 
ing the dough, but press it together carefully 
witli the hands. Roll it about one-eighth of an 
inch iu thickness, bake in quick oven, and 1 will 
warrant the result will be a Puli' Paste lit for the 
palate of an epicure.—Mrs. V. Annabel, 
Sharon, Mich. 
The orebardist obtained the suggestion which 
led him to construct this implement, from one of 
Marks’ subsoil plows. Ho employed a plow 
manufacturer to make him one. The beam is 
six and a half feet long. The standard is made 
of a bar of steel five-eighths of anjnch thick, four 
inches wide, and twenty-four inches long, set in 
the beam at an angle of 45 degrees. It is drawn 
to a sharp coulter edge so as to cut off the roots 
readily. The coulter or standard is strengthened 
by an iron brace, as seen iu the sketch, which is 
welded to the steel. The mole is modeled some¬ 
what after Makes' plow, lifting the soil slightly. 
The mole should be smaller than the one l saw, 
tlie orebardist said his was too large. He at¬ 
taches great importance to this implement, not 
only because he gets fruit earlier by its use, but 
because it conduces to the health of his trees. 
Why? It provides drainage for them. The 
water does not stand about the roots; for his 
system of manuring attracts the roots to the sur¬ 
face, and this coulter and molo passing so near 
the tree, in a stiff soil, provides for the escape of 
the water. 
ft is a remarkable fact that in an orchard of 
eleven thousand bearing trees, treated as above 
described, there is not one that has been affected 
by the blight. There is scarce an apple or pear 
orchard in the West which fyas not suffered, more 
or less, by it. But I never looked upon cleaner 
bodies, smoother bark, or healthier looking trees, 
than those oomposipg this extensive orchard. 
And I was assured that no wash of any sort had 
been used on the bodies, and no labor had been 
expended in destroying insects. 
I should have said that the junction in front 
of the coulter and the mole, is made with a sharp 
edge so as to facilitate the work of root-pruning. 
The work is as well done, for aught 1 can see, as 
if done with the spade. This pruning plow is 
run through on each side of the producing row 
of trees, the first week in June, each alternate 
year, early in the history of the orchard. As the 
trees begin to crowd each other, it is run through 
the orchard the other way each alternate year, 
thus partially root-pruning half of the other half 
of the orchard intended to remain permanently 
on the ground. This root-pruning is done the 
first week in June. The distance the pruning 
plow is run from the body of the tree depends 
upon its diameter—the rule being to run it one 
PltlTT TREES. -On r stock of tree* for the Spring in 
I sitkkii Can supply large of small <|uauliUen of the 
following, and all ot the heat Frices per 100: 
Apple, 1 tu s ft . $1; No,8m. 
Standard Feni, f. to 8 l $J1; to fi ft., *20 { No, 2, $10. 
Dwarf Four, Extra, $2u . Small size, *10. 
Fliiui, 1 to 7 ft., beat in State. *20, No. 2, or 1 year, $10. 
Cherry, 1 to 7 ft,, *7; Dwiirf, *8. 
Reaches, No. !, so; No. 2. f3. 
Plum Slocks, extru article, 57 Apple#, per 1 000 , $41. 
If. SOUTH WICK A- SON, 
086 ihumville, Livingston Co., N. Y. 
Puff Paste.— To a pound and a half of flour 
allow a poundof butter, which should bo divided 
in three equal parts, and you should reserve 
about one-third of the flour for rolling out. Rub 
one portion of the butter into your flour, adding 
water enough to wet. Then roll it out Cut the 
butter in thin shavings and spread over Jhe 
whole surface; dredge with Hour and roll it up. 
Roll out again, and proceed aa before until all 
the butter is used. Never mould paste, and the 
less you handle it the bettor.— Mrs. R. A. A., 
Fast Carlton, N. Y., 1863. 
mn nnn afple tkjei>, a to «reet 
J ‘ /' ).'■)' J\ l high, at $8 per hundred. 
20,000 Standard Fear Troon, 1 tn 7 foot I dob, at *21 V 100. 
2U.OOO do do tlo 1 year old, 0 I actus,! to 2 font 
high »t p: v wo 
10.01X1 thvx.rf Pear Trees, 3 to 1 feet high, at *18 f) IDO. 
20,000 White Grape and Cherry Currant*; 1,000 Diana 
Grape Vinci. A large stock ot Peach trees, Cherry trees. 
Plum trees, GouscbomeH, Ruspberr" •, Blackberries^ Straw 
berries, moat of the new varieties of Native Grapes, Ac.., he. 
Whole«ate and Descriptive Catalogues sent to all appli¬ 
cants tvho iucloms stumpi to pro-imv postage. 
AildreHs E. MOODY & SON, 
Niagara Nurseries, Lockport, N. Y. 
Seed Cake.— Beat 1 lb. of fresh butter to 
cream, add 1 lb. of loaf sugar, and beat both 
together until they become white, then add 2 
eggs, beat for some time, add 2 more, and so on 
until you have added 12. Have 1J lbs. flour 
sifted, mix among it 4 Hi. orange peel and I lb. 
of citron peel cut small, 4 lb. of sweet almonds, 
blanched and cut small, then mix all together, 
but stir it us little as possible. Have a hoop or 
mould prepared, put the cuke in. smooth with a 
knife and scatter a few carraways at the top.— 
Bake two hours and a half iu a moderate oven. 
—A rthur's Magazine. 
rniiE (lUMii uuv and its cli- 
1 TURK.—The Subscriber tins burned a Circular from the 
pres- treating on the Cranberry and it* Culture. Said Cir¬ 
cular will give persons the proper information u< to the 
commencement of their Culture. J will take pleasure in 
fonvardimr them to all parts of the United States, to thow 
non(liner pout -dami* lo pay postage. Persons wishing plants 
may receive them in small rir large ([UautitieK by Express, 
for wet or dry sol). Address |S77-Ut. 
OKORClE A. BATES. Bellingham, Norfolk Co., Mass. 
My NEW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of 
FLOWER AND VEGETABLE SEEDS 
Is now ready to send out. Tt contains descriptions of all 
the FINEST FLOWERS, both old and new, with Engrav¬ 
ings showing the character or some of those that are new 
and particularly valuable, with a full list of the 
NOVELTIES FOR 1803! 
My Seeds are imported from the best Florists and Seed- 
Growers of E.VOI.A.VI), Franck, aud GrRHaNY, and are 
unsui panned. 
CATALOG IJES 
Sent by mall, rrbk or fostaok, lo all who apply. Send 
for a copy for yourself, and also send the name i and address 
of the lovers of i.'iriHCK vi.ciwkkk in your neighborhood, to 
whom I will promptly forward the Catalogue free. 
I ir~ Mj‘ customer* of hint year will receive the new Cata¬ 
logue without writing for it. 
Address JAMBS VICK, Rochester, -V. Y. 
Dried Citron — Will gome of the numerous 
readers of the Rural inform me, through its col¬ 
umns, how citron is prepared for drying? An 
answer would greatly oblige —Mrs. H. E. 
Patch, Speedsville, N. 1’". 
fHPRCJAL NOTIOK-l 
Sbcrssion.— Swede from every name and kind of Sale- 
ratua except the Chemical SuUralux. This is the kind to 
use on every occasion. For sale by all grocers. 
