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ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MARCH 21,1863 
GRAVES’ TPATTniSTT BEE ■ HIVE: 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corps of Able Assistants and Contributors, 
0. D. ltKAGOON, Western Corresponding Editor. 
Tkr Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Purity and Variety of Contents, and unique and 
beautiful in Appearance. Ita Conductor devotes hia per¬ 
sonal attention to tbe fruperrisioo Of Its various depart¬ 
ments, and earnestly labors to render the Rural an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the Important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with 
the business of those whose Interests It xealouslv advo¬ 
cates. A^a Family Journal It is eminently Instructive 
and Erjtortaininir— being so conducted that it cau be safely 
taken to the Homes of people of intelligence, taste and 
discrimination. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and News Hatter, 
interspersed with appropriate EnirrurinKS, than any other 
journal,— rendering Lt tbe most complete Agricultural, 
Literary axd Family Newspaper in America. 
>L UfS 
ty For Terms and other particulars, see last page 
Fig. 2. 
alternately ami equally in each hive, thus ren¬ 
dering artificial swarming or dividing of Iho bees 
safe at any time during the proper season — from 
Lhe 1st of May until August Hence, In case 
there should be but oue queen, the queenless 
swarm will rear one from the young eggs in ten 
or twelve days. The. front of these inner hives 
is of glass, so that the condition of the bees can 
be easily ascertained at, any time—their pro¬ 
gress, aud whether they need feeding or dividing. 
By dosing Um communications between the two 
hives in the swarming season (by means of tbe 
cut-off slides, F.) the bees will form two distinct 
colonies. Under the entire bottom of this hive 
Is placed a wire screen, D, bo arranged as to 
entirely proteetth© bees from millers and worms, 
which has never before been effectually accom¬ 
plished. After years of experimenting to effect 
this object 1 am now prepared to defy all coin- 
The screen also disposes of all the 
Fig. 1. 
The above engravings are designed to repre¬ 
sent a Non-Swarming and Moth-Detective Bee- 
Hive, recently patented by Mr. J. H. Graves, 
of Rochester, N. Y, The inventor furnishes the 
.following description of his improvement aud its 
advantages: 
u This hive consists of an outer ease, in which 
is placed two inner hives, and also (upon these 
hives) four small boxes for the reception of sur 
plus honey. Fig. I is a front elevation, fl, a are 
adjustable slides placed over the entrances. By 
means of these slides 1 guard against robbers, 
prevent the dronea when out from returning to 
tbe hive, and also prevent the bees entering 
either of the inner hives, as dummi. b is the 
lighting board, in the center of which is a wire 
screen, e, allowing the millers and worms to drop 
through instead of entering the hive. 
K Fig. 2 gives a rear view of the outer case, 
with tbe folding doors open. A, A are the honey 
boxes, one elevated to show the communications 
from the inner hive below. B, B are the inner 
hives, which are ho arranged that the bees will 
extend their brood comb from one to the other; 
consequently the queen will deposit her eggs 
TOBACCO-SHOULD FARMERS PLANT ITT 
right to produce it Good men use it; and good 
men produce it. That they do right or wrong it 
is not our province to determine. It Ls a matter 
of conscience for each man to decide upon for 
himself. But as a business matter we propose to 
discuss it for the benefit of gentlemen who ask 
U8 the above question in a business way. 
There are few countries, of the same popula¬ 
tion, in which more tobacco is used, in Home 
form, than in this — no matter whether it is cred¬ 
itable to our good task and civilization, or not, it 
is a fact And the quantity used is annually in¬ 
creasing as statistical figures will show. 
With an increasing demand the sources of sup¬ 
ply hitherto are being withdrawn from ns. The 
heavy duty on foreign tobacco is almost prohib¬ 
itory—is prohibitory so far as the supply of the 
mass of consumers is concerned. The tobacco 
producing portion of the South is devastated, or 
shut out from commercial intercourse, or is the 
scene of present turmoil, and will not yield the 
usual product. Add the fact that, if intercourse 
with the Southern States is resumed, which is ex¬ 
ceedingly problematical at present, the Southern 
organs of the quasi Confederacy are urging that 
no tobacco should be planted, because the neces¬ 
sary food for the Southern armies “ can not be 
produced on the area free from the inroads of 
war except by devoting all its capacities to that 
end.” Indeed, legislative action is urged to in¬ 
terdict the planting of tobacco at all, the coming 
season. So far, then, as tbe prospective demand 
and supply are concerned, their can be little 
question of the profit of a more extended culture 
of this plant. 
Another question arises. Should the industry 
of the North be diverted from the production of 
food when-4he prospective demand is so great 
and imperative? should farmers of the t'ood- 
FARMER GARRULOUS TALKS 
neighbor? Why, by the simplest process in the 
world. I sow them early. IIow early? Why, 
just as soon us there is soil enough thawed out 
to cover them with—sometimes in March, and 
sometimes in February. That is the way I got 
early peas. Tbe ground ought to bo prepared 
in the fall.—well composted manure forked into 
it, and laid up light in a dry, sheltered spot. If I 
can, I provide surface drainage so that the water 
will not stand on the surface when there is frost 
in the ground below. And I like to get my 
early peas on the sunny side of a building or 
fence. Then, when there is a chance, I put in the 
seed, sometimes littering the bed a little, and 1 
get early peas sure. What kind do I sow ? Well, 
I like the little Early Dwarf best—especially for 
a kitchen garden. But. if I were near enough a 
market to render it. profitable, I would sow 
Daniel O’Rourke, Early Emperor, or some of 
that class. Early peas are easily got if a man is 
wide awake. But, as I said before, he ought to 
plan for them in the fall.” 
“Hello, John, what are you doing? What the 
dickens are you rampaging them sheep about in 
that manner for? Jt is plain enough you are no 
shepherd, or you would know better. No good 
shepherd drives sheep much. He calls them, 
and the sheep hear his voice and follow him. 
That is Scripture, is it? Well, I am glad you 
read your Bible. But you ought to take better 
heed to its precepts and injunctions than be 
caught yelping after a flock in that style. If I 
had a Colley dog that did not know better than 
that, I would shoot him. And especially at this 
season 
petition. 
offal which accumulates In other hives.” 
A circular containing full particulars relative 
to this invention may he obtained by addressing 
the proprietors of the patent, Graves <fc Van- 
dekbekk, Rochester, N. Y. 
we cannot say that in no situation it is advisable 
to use them. Many wet common lands on their 
inclosure, and many of the slopes on moorland 
hills, when first brought into arable cultivation, 
are exceedingly encumbered with stones. It is 
also as cheap to bury them in 4 or .0 feet drains 
as to cart them into heaps. We have seen in¬ 
stances where as many stones come out of the 
drain as will form the conduit. Such soils are 
generally very firm. A narrow slab, or inch 
board, fitting the bottom of the drain, wilt lx; a 
secure foundation for stone, a foot in depth, laid 
in the form which its nature may suggest. We 
will answer for the board. In taking up consid¬ 
erable lengths of drains five amt six feet deep, 
and ho laid more than sixty years ago. we have 
seen no instance in which either oak, alder, birch, 
or willow has be*n materially decayed; twigs 
and sticks, iron similar depths, have been equally 
sound and tough. In the comparatively rare 
cases to which we have referred, we permit, 
without approval, the use of % stone conduit. 
We know no instance in which it is worth wbHe 
(as Smith recommends) to quarry and break 
stones to form a conduit. 
We shall shock some, aud surprise many of our 
readers, when we state confidently that in ave¬ 
rage soils, and still more those which are inclined 
to be tender, horse-shoe tiles form the weakest 
and most failing conduit which has ever been 
used for a deep drain, it is ho, however, and a 
little thought, even if we had no experience, will 
tell us that it must he so, A doggerel song, quite 
destitute of humor, informs us that tiles of this 
sort were used in 17G0 at Graiulesburg Hall, in 
Suffolk, by Mr. Charles Lawrence, the owner 
of the estate. The earliest of which we had ex¬ 
perience were of large area and of weak form. 
Constant failures resulted from their use, and tho 
cause was investigated; many of the tiles were 
found to be choked up with clay, and many to 
be broken longitudinally though the crown. For 
the first evil, two remedies were adopted; a sole 
of slate, of wood, or of its own material, was 
. . ilil . 1 1 it...___ 
portionally. The same rule applies to the pack¬ 
ing and marketing it in clean, well-made oak or 
ash tubs, or in stone jars. The money is surely 
returned to the producer. 
the management of milk. The conditions under 
which good butter and cheese may be made 
from it are not observed. A proper place is not 
prepared for it, and proper caro is not taken of it. 
2—Cleanliness is not considered at all essen¬ 
tial, either in its manufacture, or in the packages 
in which it is sent to market. I do not apply 
this to all Western butter makers, but there is a 
sufficient number belonging to this class to give 
character to the aggregate that arrives in market. 
And it depreciates the value of the whole, be¬ 
cause it gives reputation to the whole. Hence, 
all have an interest in changing tho character of 
this dairy product, and the manner in which it 
appears in market. It comes hither in filthy 
tubs, old shoo boxes, old casks, rough and un¬ 
clean flour barrels, <fce., Ac. No matter how 
good the butter appearing here in this shape, it 
is condemned as “Western butter,” which, among 
ewes should never be excited in any 
he diminished number of men engaged in Agri- manner—tbe more especially Bince their progeny 
mlture, and the further draft from their ranks ate so valuable. It will be an easy matter for 
ikely to be made to fill up the ranks of the that “unruly member” of yours to ruin more 
iraties of the Union, is it safe and proper to urge than half your mouth's wages in a half hour, if 
ittention to tobacco culture? This is a serious you do not govern it better. Let the sheep know 
piestion; and there is more than one ride to it. your voice, but don't let it be known to be harsh 
!t vitally concerns all classes. It is especially or excitable. Be quiet among them. When you 
mportant to the people of the prairies. handle them, do it quietly and gently. Never 
With the present facilities for the transporta- run a ^ ter a sheep* No good shepherd does. ’ 
ion of products from the prairies to the sea- “There, that will answer. Now, John, you 
Board. and the low prices paid the farmers, and go and get a hoe, aud a pick, if necessary, and 
the high rates exacted by transportation agents, let that water off that low spot down on the wheat 
the question of profit to the Western producer is field, on the west side. Dick says there are sev- 
quickiy resolved, and will surely influence his eral square rods covered. You just cut the ice 
action unless there is a radical change from the out of the furrow and shovel it out. and then lead 
present relatiohs of producer, transporter and the water into it, and we will save all that wheat, 
consumer. If the East wishes to be supplied which will be lost if it is allowed to freeze there; 
with cheap food, she must provide an adequate and with while wheat, worth nearly a dollar and 
and cheap means of transportation, by which a half per bushel, we can’t afford to lose any part 
remunerative prices may be secured to the West- of the crop that looked an well as that field did 
em producer. If this is not done, Tobacco, Cot- when it went into tbe winter, 
ton, and Flax culture, with Dairy and Sheep “I see neighbor Qujktside has a large piece 
husbandry, will be substituted. The West will covered in the same manner. I’ll step over and 
compete with the East in the supply of tbe pro- suggest how he may save it if he chooses; per- 
ducts of the Dairy, and her Cocks will decide the haps he will, and thank mefor the neighborly act.” 
DRAINING-No, IV. 
sometimes placed under the title, but the more 
usual practice was to form them with club-feet. 
To meet the case of longitudinal fracture, the 
tiles were reduced in size, and very much thick¬ 
ened in proportion to their area. 'I he first of 
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K&Y V . 
