ftSHSSlBlTlW 
i WHOLE NO. 694 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MAY 2,1863 
used by raen of experience, both to prevent the 
appearance and arrest the progress of this disease. 
Swine should be kept as clean as possible, in 
dry and clean inclosures. Good food, pure 
water and pure air should be secured to them. 
Salt, small quantities of copperas, sulphur and 
ashes should be incorporated with their food, and 
given them frequently. When the disease ex¬ 
hibits itself in a herd, those which appear well 
should be assorted from the balance and removed 
to an isolated locality, and the sick ones should 
be removed from the pens in which the disease 
has made its appearance. I have seen it recom¬ 
mended to sprinkle powdered charcoal through 
the pens and in the food of swine. It is a power¬ 
ful absorbent, and will aid in the pin ideation and 
recovery of the animal, without doubt Let those 
who have learned anything by their experience 
with this disease, contribute the same for the 
public good. It will be of interest and value to 
knowhow the disease appeared in different herds 
—what the locality and condition of tho animals 
where it appeared—the kiud of diet they were 
on—the manner in which it discovered itself— 
the length of time intervening after the attack 
before the death of the animal—the effect of the 
different remedies applied, and whether other 
healthy herds introduced to the same locality 
were similarly affected. It has been asserted 
that this disease never leaves a locality where it 
once appears,—that it is like the Rot in sheep in 
that it is contagious, and is communicated to 
herds that are placed in the same inclosures from 
which diseased iumls have been removed. 
This is an import an. .fact to know, if it is a fact 
Let gentlemen give their experience. 
in applying the remedy, during the past year. 
No matter, therefore, what the private opinion 
of members may have been, it seemed to me to 
be the duty of the Board to investigate the mat¬ 
ter; and if the result proved Mr. K. an impostor, 
the public should know it. If, on the other 
hand, it should prove that he has a remedy, the 
State could afford to pay $26,000 for it. The dis¬ 
ease has cost its citizens ten times that amount 
the past year. 
Mr. K., finding that he could get no committee, 
finally offered to put the members of tho Board 
in possession of the secret, and let them deter¬ 
mine its effectiveness. Whether he did so, or not, 
I am not informed. If he did, he was not as 
sharp as I thought him to be. 
Since the meetingoftbe Board referred to above, 
I have talked with several gentleman,—among 
them one or two physicians,—who have become 
acquainted -with this disease, and all of them 
agree with Mr. K, as to the. symptoms; and those 
who have made post-mortem examinations agree 
as to the condition of the lungs, and believe it to 
be a lung disease, or an epizootic similar to the 
cattle disease, about which Massachusetts got 
excited two or three years since. 
Mr. Kinney says the seat,or cause of the dis¬ 
ease, is in the lungs. lie asserts there are three 
stages of the disease. 
The symptoms in the first stage are weakness 
of the eyes,—a black spot under the eye. He 
asserl 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
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V3T For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
THE UNIVERSAL CLOTHES - W1 tl NG UlMi. 
[Sub Articlb i.v Domestic Economy Dkpaktmknt, o.v Third I’acie op this Ncmbkk.] 
means the least item in its contriouuons to com¬ 
merce. Were proof needed, it would be found 
in the fact that (he receipts of hogs at Chicago 
alone, during the season of 1861-2, uumbererl 
nearly a million and a half. But there is great 
danger that this feature of western husbandry 
has reached its culminating point. This may be 
regarded as a ridiculous assertion by gentlemen 
who look upon the Went as yet undeveloped; 
and properly, too, but for the terrible ravages of 
tho disease known by the above name, among 
the hogs of the West, and the effect upon the 
producer. There are comparatively few who 
know the extent of the loss to the country an¬ 
nually by this disease, or epizootic among swine. 
But little attention has been paid to it by the 
public press; and, comparatively, no effort has 
been made by Agricultural Societies, through 
their Executive Boards, to investigate its char¬ 
acter, determine the cause, preventive, or cure. 
At the meeting of the Illinois State Board of 
Agriculture, last January, this matter was 
brought to its notice by the presence of a gentle¬ 
man named George W. Kinney, of Albion, 
Illinois, who claimed to have discovered a cure 
for this disease. This remedy he proposed to 
sell to the people of the State, through their 
Legislature, for $25,000. He had asked of the 
Legislature the appointment of a committee to 
go with him to tho localities where the disease 
prevails, and determine whether he possessed 
what he proposed to soil, lie also asked the 
State Board to appoint a committee to go with 
ts that only a close observer, who is familiar 
with the disease, would be likely to detect this 
symptom, unless it were pointed out to him. A 
past mortem examination of a hog killed at this 
Btage, will disclose ulcers on the lungs, aud 
whitish matter beginning to form. 
The disease at the second stage is detected by 
a slight shrinkage of the shoulder, combined 
with coughing. If the lungs are examined it 
will be found that the ulcers have become a red¬ 
dish color, aud in these ulcers aie found minute 
worms, which eat up tho lungs, and destroy the 
life of the hog. Large purple spots appear on 
the skin, also. 
At tho third stage the hind parts of the animal 
are drawn up, it refuses food, exhibits weakness, 
great thirst, and has diarrhea, tho discharges 
being very offensive. The red or purple spots 
extend over the body. 
Mr. Kinney says it is difficult to cure the dis¬ 
ease when it has arrived at this third Btage; but 
ho can almost invariably cure it if the effort is 
made during the first and second stages. 
Regarding the lungs as the seat of the diseuse, 
of course, the treatment is accordingly; aud the 
remedy is applied by inhalation in most cases. 
In the third stage, however, other treatment is 
required. 
Such are the symptoms and causes of the dis¬ 
ease, substantially, as given by Mr. K. in his 
communication to the Board. I find the symp¬ 
toms given are not unlike those given by others 
who have written on the subject, except that no 
oue seems to have discovered the worms in the 
lungs. Dr. Sutton, of Indiana, in a paper pub- 
In a large number of 
the shives well s'laken out, nothing further is 
required, only that the fiber is to be laid straight 
and bound up in suitable bales for market It 
should not be twisted and doubled up, as has 
been the custom with our dew-rotted flax, with 
which every process seemed to be an exertion to 
see bow worthless wo could make it. 
Where machinery is used other than fluted 
rollers, the best tlmt I have seen Is a cylinder 
about the size of a barrel, about a yard long, 
will) slats in the periphery of the cylinder, with 
knives projecting at right angles from the axis 
of the cylinder. Parallel with the cylinder 
should be a hoard of hard wood, over which to 
pass the flax endwise against the revolving 
slats. Another board should lie placed parallel 
with the knives, over which the handful of flax, 
when first taken up, should have the tips passed, 
to separate the receptacles of the bolls, which 
may thus be scutched off without a material 
loss of lint Taking hold of the tip thus freed 
from shives, the operator should next pass the 
points of the roots under the knives, to scutch 
off the hard points, when the handful is ready to 
be pushed against the revolving cylinder the 
slats of which, as it breaks tho stalks across the 
edge of the front board, separate tho wood 
coarse lint, thus thrown off is suitable for manu- 
acturing crush. By scutching the ends, as 
here recommended, there will be a small loss 
from the fibers without breaking them. The 
more than by the Russian mode of preparing It, 
as they leave the ends as they come from the 
brake, but I think this loss will be more than 
compensated by the quality of the flax. By 
whatever method tho flax may bo cleaned, the 
operator should always bear in mind that it is 
desirable to have the fiber lie in flat strips, as if 
pulled from the woody part by single stalks by 
hand, as it is then better fitted for the next pro¬ 
cess. which the manufacturers call dressing, but 
we Yankees would call it hatcheling. 
The hatcheling process is one of the greatest 
importance. Thu first hatchel that flax is drawn 
through bears some resemblance to those used 
in families in this country, only the teeth are 
twice as long, according to their size, and the 
(lux is not allowed to pass down lower than the 
middle of them. Tho teeth of this hatchel are 
not made very sharp, as the object is to get. the 
Hirers straight as possible, without breaking 
them. The next hatchel has finer teeth, with 
ABOUT FLAX.-NO. VI 
Ens. Rural New-Yorker:— Tho next, and 
most important part in the preparation, is tho 
water-rotting. This is done in the Netherlands 
by placing it. in ditches. A bank is formed in 
one part of the ditch, the side being at about an 
angle of forty-five degrees. A tier of the small 
bundles of flax are then placed reclining upon 
the bank. Mud is then scraped from the bottom 
of the ditch with a long-handled wooden scraper 
up to the top of the flax, which is placed with 
the roots downwards, as they claim that the UrpB 
require more rotting than the bottoms. In this 
manner they proceed until they have deposited 
their crop, when another bank is formed of 
sufficient height to allow the water, when tho 
ditch is filled, to cover the top of the flax. The 
ditch being filled the flax is allowed to 
FARMER GARRULOUS TALKS 
“I do hate to see a farmer slouch, slouch, 
slump, slump, splash, splash, through mud and 
manure, with his pants down under his feet, as 
if ho were used to it, and there was no way of 
avoiding it In the firet [dace, there is no need 
of it. I know some men who walk in the same 
path, through the same mud, all their lives, be¬ 
daubing their clothes, tracking up the door steps, 
floor. I do not wonder that certain women cease 
to respect and love their husbands — cease to 
labor to minister to their comfort, when they 
manifest so little regard for, and anpreciatiou of, 
their wives’ labors. 
“ It makes me foam at the mouth to see a man 
bo great a sluggard as not to pave his yards, where 
his household must travel constantly. My re¬ 
spect for a man who goes about his daily labor 
on a farm without any regard for the labor be 
may make or Bavo his wife— who fails to shun 
dirt and keep himself and clothing clean when 
he may do so as well as not, without neglecting 
a single duty as a farmer, is not so great as to 
prevent me calling him a brute ! How easy it 
is for a farmer to have heavy boots, with large 
tops to them, in which the extremities of his 
pants may be kept clean. And overalls are eco¬ 
nomical, to say nothing about the comfort they 
insure, and the labor they save. 
“Why, John, i would not have a hired man 
on my place, who, in his labor on the farm, did 
not have some regard for his own cleanliness, in 
the prosecution of his work. For a sloven is 
always careless. He is reckless in the use of his 
! employer’s property. Such men never were 
remain 
from five to ten days, according to the tempera¬ 
ture of the weather and water. After about five 
days tho flax is exam!ued, by taking hold of the 
top of a few stalks and pulling them out, when, 
U’ the fiber separates freely from the stalk, it is 
considered watered enough; if the fiber still 
adheres to the stalk It is allowed to remain 
longer, always being careful not to have it over 
watered, for if it is rather short it can be finished 
upon the grass, when if over watered it is 
lished in 1858, says 
cases the respiratory organs appeared to bo prin¬ 
cipal ly affected, and there was coughing, wheez¬ 
ing, aud difficult respiration." But he says, “ in 
those cases where the respiratory organs were 
the principal seat of the disease, there was gen¬ 
erally no diarrhea or dysentery. 
This asser¬ 
tion, however, does not fail to harmonize with 
Mr. Kinney's diagnosis. The difficulty with 
the respiratory organs being apparent in the 
second stage, and the diarrhea appearing in the 
third stage. 
Bui all this is of minor importance, abstractly 
It is hoped that some members of the Board have 
given, or will give, some attention to Mr. K/s 
case; and if he has a remedy, let the people 
know it; if he has not, the public ought certainly 
to know it. The importance of some attention 
to this subject is found in the fact that individuals 
have lost hundreds, and counties in this State 
thousands, of swine by this epizootic. Large 
feeders—men who have handled hundreds annu¬ 
ally—say they are going out of the business, in 
consequence of the dangers from this disease. 
Com growing and hog feeding has be«D, and ie, 
a large and lucrative business in this State, Indi¬ 
ana and Iowa. But the heavy losses, sure to 
follow the appearance of this disease in a herd, 
is rendering it a business of great risk, and will 
tarn, and is turning, the attention, energies and 
capital of hog feeders into other channels. Hence 
the assertion at the commencement of this article. 
Hence the strictures upon the course pursued by 
the State Board toward Mr. Kinney. 
It is proper, here, to give some of the means 
shovel, right where they happen to use it, and 
drive the load over it and break it, rather than 
pick it up and put it in a safe place; set the milk 
pail down in the excrement rather than clean 
the stable or select a clean place in the 
yard; milk the cow without cleaning her bag 
when it needs it; feed the calf in the pail, and 
then carry what milk is left and strain it in the 
tub, to be incorporated in the morning cheese. 
Indeed, there is nothing filthy, careless and reck¬ 
less which he will nut do; and I will not have 
my reputation as a producer and manufac¬ 
turer of farm products sacrificed by such slovens. 
“Now, John, I do hate to hear those pigs 
squeal in that way. I wish you would clean out 
their pen, and give them some clean, dry straw, 
and some food, and see if they will not become 
1 better natured.” 
