With such an arrangement and proper care the 
hops can he evenly and thoroughly dried. 
A good press can be made by having a large 
beam in one bent of the frame of the kiln, 
through which should be a hole with a thread 
cut to fit a wooden screw. On the floor below 
this beam a box of proper size should be made, 
so arranged as to be filled with hops from the 
store room above. After the follower is put on 
and the bale pressed down the box must lie taken 
down to give opportunity for sewing. After this 
is done and the bale completed the box can again 
be set up for refilling. Otsego. 
Middlefield, N. Y., May, 1863. 
still green leaf, in a forest of tiny mold plants, 
which cover the leaf with a greenish down. 
This is the true potato fungus, fhe Fcronospora 
iufesUtm, as it is now botauically designated.” 
To avoid the potato disease, it is advised that 
a piece of ground be selected for growing sound 
seed potatoes, and no seed should be planted 
that have ever been mixed with diseased pota¬ 
toes. If fungus appears on the leaves, they 
must be immediately removed, so that the 
zoospores cannot be washed down to the tubers 
in the hills. By all means, farmers should plant 
early, so as to have the potato ripen, if possible, 
before the warm September rains aid in ripening 
and developing the fungus. By being careful to 
plant only the healthiest tubers, and on land 
where no diseased potatoes have been grown, it 
is supposed that the potato fungus, like the smut 
in wheat, may be soon run out. s. w. 
Waterloo, N. Y , May, 1863 
The Season— A “Heated Term."— The weather is a: 
last seasonable. May bids fair to appropriately cj 05€ 
Spring's preparations for Summer—bequeathing a „. irm 
air and soil and an abundance of flowers and foliage if, 
the “ leafy month of June. 1 ' The dosing days of ] At . 
week and the opening ones of the present were very Wlr . 
for the season—a “ heated term ” as unexpected and \oik. 
ing to city people is it was gratifying to soil cultivator! 
and invigorating to vegetation. Farmers and gardeners 
are exceedingly busy and generally correspondingly g, )CK j 
natured, though some complain of dry weather and an¬ 
ticipate a drouth. Rain is needed, yet. we think it. 
fall upon both the sanguine and the croakers—or their 
fields and gardens—ere the drouth shall prove seriou. 
The season is favorable, and crop prospects good. The 
“ God-made country ’’ looks beautiful again, and its for. 
tunate habitans may well rejoice at their prospects and 
surroundings. 
— Accounts from the West, as to the Weather, Crop 
Prospects, icc., are generally favorable. 
Tub Season in Maine. —The spring is cold, wet and 
backward, and as far as I am advised grass is winter-killed 
quite badly. Bpring work in Franklin county progresses 
slowly on account of scarcity of laborers, the wet, and 
coldness of the land. Quite a snow storm , in the northern 
parts of the county, was a visitant on the 16th inst., last¬ 
ing, or rather the snow lay on the ground one and two 
days. As yet the grass is careful not to shoot out too high. 
There has been but one really warm day and night—the 
10th. Cattle are still fed by those who have anything to 
feed them upon, and sheep will just live. It is a bard 
time for young lambs—many will be lost where the sheep 
have been turned away to pasture since the 12th inst 
They need to be housed nights, and some days too The 
farmers began work on tbe land upon the bill farms first 
because the 6now blew off the fields more, hut the cold 
rains have nearly stopped them.—O. W. Truk, Franklin 
Co,, Maine, May IS, 1863. 
inquiries ami 
C. S. McC , Newfane —We are not acquainted with the 
bean you describe as the red bean, unless you mean the 
Red Eye, width is an early variety used in gardens. It is 
prolific and cook, well, but will not sell well in market as 
a staple article, on account of color. [Your inquiry was 
mislaid for some time T 
, main and adjusting beam. C, handle or lifting-bar The 
larkere the same, secured to the main beam by a half or 
• •. The thills of iron wood or hickory poles. Cross 
also the marking teeth. 
any be has ever seen. We fear our notice of this 
article will be rather late for its introduction this 
season, but from the engagements of our en¬ 
graver. we could not procure the cut in time. 
We hold that corn should be planted at even 
and exact distances. If three and a half feet is 
the proper gauge, then, when short ol that, which 
is unavoidable in planting by the eye, the 
range of the cultivator is interfered with and the 
crop injured by being crowded. When exceed¬ 
ing that distance there is a loss of land, and 
necessarily a defect in the action of tbe cultiva¬ 
tor. Corn should always be marked both ways, 
as it saves a deal of labor in hoeing by the ability 
to nicely adjust the cultivator. 
Description.— A, thills, cross-bar and braces. B, B, B, main 
beams should be 3 by 4 or 4 by 4 oak scantling; the markers 
three-quarters inch bolt, with a large head and nut and washer, 
bar bolted on. The handles set slanting backward — ns 
Mr. I. II. Luttenton, of East Carlton, Or¬ 
leans county, has favored us with a description 
of a very useful article for marking the rows for 
planting corn, which combines all that can be 
desired for cheapness, simplicity and etlective 
operation, it being so contrived as to mark 
equally well on uneven ground, through dead 
furrows or sudden sinks and rises, and that, too, 
with four markers. Any man that can make a 
button to a barn door can get it up in three or 
four hours’ time. Mr. L. says a strap should be 
fastened to the main beam and around the swing 
beam, to keep them from becoming perpendicu¬ 
lar iu turning around. He says this marker will 
at wav& mark, and work as close to the fence as 
Coal Taii Leaching*.—I would like to know the value 
of the water that leaches from gas tar. — L., Fullcm, N. F* 
We should not expect any virtue from She leachings of 
coal tar; but on the contrary consider it a deleterious sub 
stance for vegetation—except as a nauseating material for 
insects. 
Phonography.— Mr. A. C. Wilson, of Allegan, Mich., 
whose inquiry was given in a late Rural, can obtain the 
desired information by applying to Mr. Andrew J. Gra¬ 
ham, 284 Canal street, New York, who is author of sev¬ 
eral works, long-hand and reporting sty le of phonography, 
of the standard now most approved—O. W. Truk, Phil 
ftps, Mi’ 
Knitting Machine.— Let me say to M, D., Racine, WU., 
that by applying to BradSo.n fit Elliott, General Agents 
of Aikill's Knitting Machine, 120 Lake street, Chicago, 
Ill., he or she can learn full particulars, or receive a “ cir¬ 
cular with full particulars.—O. W, Tree, PhUlipt , Me. 
— See the advertisement of G. W Burt, of Newton, 
Iowa, iu this paper, relative to same machine. 
iencefor toe time ueuig. i ukjcioio, ion 
family in the land, by practical economy, make 
the very best of all the old stock of clothing on 
hand. 
The farming community have the facilities for 
the production of the raw material, and manu¬ 
facturing a sufficient amount of the same, by do¬ 
mestic labor, for their own use. But upon tbe 
manufacturer the people must depend for bring¬ 
ing goods into general use. And they should 
bend their every energy to attain that end, w hich, 
when accomplished, will supply the place of nil 
cotton fabrics, at a much lower price, according 
to their real value, than cotton goods can be 
furnished, at the present high price of cotton. 
The producer and manufacturer of the linen 
goods will receive remunerating prices for 
their labor, capital and enterprise, aside from the 
satisfaction of belonging to that class of man¬ 
kind who are willing to make an effort to sustain 
themselves, their fellow-beings, and their coun¬ 
try, in time of trouble. Our forefathers lived 
and flourished without the privilege of having 
the most substantial articles of cotton fabrics, 
and why cannot we do the same? We can, if we 
are only willing to make the effort and the sacri¬ 
fice; and it is our duty to do so, particularly in 
the present distracted state of our country. 
And it would, in my opinion, be very much to 
the interest of the farming community to culti¬ 
vate tbe production of flax to the full extent of 
their ability- And it is the duty of all the true 
and abiding friends of the Union, to favor the 
production and use of linen fabrics, in preference 
to cotton, not only for comfort, but on the score 
of durability. There is no article of wearing 
apparel that looks better or more appropriate in 
warm weather, than a good suit of half or full 
bleached linen. In former times, common linen 
cloths embraced one item of the country mer¬ 
chant’s trade. They were then the staple article 
used for the sails of all our own and foreign sail¬ 
ing vessels, (whereas for some time past cotton 
sails have taken their place,) which was quite an 
item in the city trade. And I see no good reason 
why it should not be so again. 
The truth is, our Western, Northern and East¬ 
ern farmers gradually surrendered the produc¬ 
tion of flax to the producers of cotton by slave 
power, until we have neither cotton nor linen to 
lean upon. And unless the farming community 
take hold in good earnest, and produce enough 
for themselves and community, they must not 
be shocked if they should occasionally see some 
of their nun-producing and non-providing neigh¬ 
bors streaking it through the streets with less 
clothing than the law requires, in pursuit of 
something to cover their nakedness. 
Let the friends of the Union rally to the 
standard, and make linen triumph over Southern 
secession and King Cotton. And if that portion 
of the English and French people who are howl¬ 
ing and whining about their distress, in conse¬ 
quence of a want of a sufficient amount of cotton 
to run their cotton mills, would turn their atten¬ 
tion to the production and manufacture of linen 
goods, it would be much to their interest, and 
very much to their credit. 
Wayne, N, Y., Fob., 1863. John B. Mitchell. 
The above article would have appeared weeks 
ago, bad it not been mislaid. 
GROWING BEANS AMONG CORN. 
spring crops I alternate with corn one year some 
sown crop, us spring wheat, oats, A’.c., the second, 
and clover and tiruothy the third and fourth, 
rarely get less than one and one-hall tuns o( hay 
per acre for the first crop, followed, if the season 
prove favorable, by a good crop of seed in the 
fall, and a like yield of hay the second year, ol 
timothy intermixed with clover, say one-fourth 
to one-half clover. I am now amply paid the 
Sheep Show and Shearing Exhibition. —The Thom 
llill (Onondaga Co.) Farmers’ Club have completed 
arrangements for a Sheep Show ami Shearing Exhibition, 
to he held June 4tli, proximo, We are assured it will net 
be an affair of local importance merely, as wool growers 
in adjoining counties are making arrangements to be prea 
ent with some of the best bucks in the country The 
Secretary of the Club informs us that a similar exhibition 
last year, oil a small scale, and with no previous arrange¬ 
ments, awakened such a general interest that the Club is 
encouraged to make ample preparations for one of the 
most thorough tests of the real merits of different sheep 
ever made in that portion of the State. Convenience* 
for weighing sheep, a* well as fleeces, will be provided, 
and ample provision made for sheep from a distance. The 
Exhibition will be on the premises of II. Coventry-, m 
Thorn Hill, in the south part of the town of Marcellos 
Henry 8. Randall of Cortland Co., and Geo. Gkddes 
and J. M. Ellis of Onondaga Co., will be present and 
act as judges. An address will he delivered by Hon II. S 
Randall, the best authority on sheep husbandry in this 
country. No doubt the affair will he both pleasaut and 
profitable. 
— From a card of admission received from E. Ennis, 
Erf, I'resident, we infer that the Wool Growers’ Associ¬ 
ation of rolmyra is to Itave an Exhibition in that village 
on the 3d of June. 
Friend Moore —if I may use that term in 
addressing you—I have read the Rural so long 
that I claim acquaintance with the Editor. Some 
time since you invited short articles from practi¬ 
cal tamers, on such matters as interested tar mere 
as a class, and ] propose (though I am not a cor¬ 
respondent or a contributor.) to say a few words 
on the subject of raising beans. My method is 
to plant among com, making the rows four feet 
apart, and hills same distance; then plant the 
beans between the corn hills. I raise the pea 
beaus, and plant as early as possible and avoid 
late spring frosts, as they require the whole sea¬ 
son to mature. Hoe with the corn, which makes 
but a little more work than the corn alone, when 
it is cultivated but one way. Hoe twice. Pull 
before frost in the fall and slack around knotty 
poles, making a foundation at the bottom of the 
stack that will keep the beans clear from tbe 
ground and admit a free circulation of air. Put 
up in that way they may be pulled at any lime 
after the beans are formed in the pou, no matter 
bow green, and they will certainly cure [without 
being damaged in the least. In stacking put the 
roots next the pole, and at the top'set the roots 
up and bind. 
I consider the pea bean the most productive, 
and it is objectionable only on account of its 
lateness. On very rich land it will run too much 
too vines, but on light loam without manure it is 
the best. The marrowfat is better for rich land. 
Bui it is not the best to plaut beans on very rich 
laud, whether among corn or otherwise. 1 raised, 
last year, on five acres, among corn, thirty-five 
busli^. which 1 sold for two dollars per bushel, 
making fourteen dollars per acre from tbe beans 
alone, without materially diminishing the corn 
crop. 
In these war times it is the duty of the pro¬ 
ducer to raise the greatest amount of food possi¬ 
ble for the support of the soldiers in the field and 
their families at home, and if these simple sug¬ 
gestions shall induce some farmer toTtry the ex¬ 
periment of raising two crops in one field, and 
thereby increase the amount of food produced, 
he and the country will be benefited. 
The beau straw is valuable for fodder. Cattle 
or sheep will eat it with avidity and leave the 
l»ost hay to get it. My straw this year very 
nearly paid me tor the extra labor of cultivation 
—hay being worth fifteen dollars per tun. 
ParishvUle Center, N. Y., 1803. Farmer. 
Sawdust as a Manure —Is sawdust of any benefit to 
land—to turn it under, to put on grass, or to use in any 
shape, or to pile up and allow to heat ?—A. B., Fulton. 
n. r 
Sawdust of uon-rosirious w<x>d is a slow but sure ma¬ 
nure for heavy soils, as In their decomposition they form 
humus, which lias a strong attraction for oxygen, forming 
carbonic acid gas, one ol' tbe important foods for plant* 
by circulation au«l by absorption Sawdust in time forms 
the substance that rauses the productiveness [of virgin 
soils, 
as before. Always remembering, as a matter ol 
course, to keep the “ corn ground well manured- 
For pasturing I seed liberally with clover, with 
winter wheat or rye. I do not “turn in till 
June, when the clover is nearly full grown, and 
then I pasture lightly the next season and sum¬ 
mer fallow again, for I practice summer fallowing. 
Now for one or two of the many reasons why 
1 think the “ medium” is preferable to tbe large 
clover. 1st. U makes a finer and belter quality 
of hay. as Farmer A. is more than half compel¬ 
led to confess. 2d. It is so early as to give ample 
time for a second crop for seed: and, Jd, for the 
same reason it. is always ready to succeed the 
close of the foddering season at once, thus gup- 
plying an important desideratum at that season 
of the year. I have tried both kinds, and speak 
from experience. I am not afraid !o assert that 
the farmers in my County (Ontario,) use the 
Sheep Ticks, Again. —Seeing in the Rural an inquiry 
from “Young Wool Grower " for a ready-made decoction 
to destroy sheep ticks, I send you my method. I have the 
sheep well taken care of and kept in good order, giving 
them a little sulphur with their salt—say a double handful 
of sulphur to 10 or 12 quarts of salt. I have a flock of 
Merino sheep of about 350, and about 150 lambs, making 
500 old and j onng, and I very much doubt whether any¬ 
one could find five hundred ticks on the whole lot.—A. 
Wright, Jb'tbrUlge , N T. 
Cistern and Filter. —Will you, at your convenience, 
give me a plan how to construct a rain-water cistern with 
filter attached ?— J. J Richmond, South, Macon, Iil . 
A rain-water cistern may be eonstrueted so high above 
the surface as to allow a proper filler to receive the water, 
by a siphon or other process—or an ordinary cistern placed 
in the earth below the surface, may haTc a diapbram, or 
partition constructed across it, cutting off a portion to be 
filled by tbe filtering material, and pausing the water to 
enter at the bottom and filter upward. There is a trouble 
in keeping the division w ater-tight, and cleaning and re¬ 
newing the filter. 
About Drying Hors.— A “Young- Hop-Grower’* 
wishes to know how many square feet of drying room he 
should have for three acres of hops, how near the pipe 
should be to the drying floor, if the bops can be dried 
evenly, and tbe best kind of press. As I have three acres 
of hops, I will contribute my experience My dry house 
is28 by 80feet. I use ouo half for drying, the other for 
storing The drying floor is 15 by 20 feet. I use two 
stoves and pipe running around and connecting iu the 
chimuey in the center of one side; pipes about six feet 
below the drying floor. I find no trouble in drying them 
all at once, I or about 150 bushels in 8 hours. I I find the 
Independent Press best, as follows: Two bed pieces or 
sills 8 by 16 inches, 0 feet long; two posts, 8 by 10 inches, 
8 feet long. The posts and sills are joined together and 
boiled with two bolts This will form the bottom and 
sides. The press-beam. 10 by 16 inches, is tenanted with 
two tenants intoilie posts 0}i feet from the top of the 
sills, with one serew through the center of the beam, 4 
feet long, worked from the top or in the second floor 
Tbe bales from this press are 4 '• J feet long, 20 inches wide 
2 feet thick.—C W Iliunv, Jackson, Mich. 
Agriculture or New York. —The Mark Lane Express, 
in a notice of the Transactions of the New- York State 
Agricultural Society- for 1861, says:—“ The volume before 
us contains not only the report of the State Society, but 
also sixty other reports of the local County Societies, 
many of which are deeply interesting to the English read 
er, not only for the information they afford of the present 
couditiou of agriculture, hut also as throwing light upon 
that of rural life in America—at least that portion of the 
United Slates to which it specially refers. Many of the 
reports display great intelligence, proving that science is 
making its way there upon the farm, as well as in ‘ Merrie 
Englaude;' and uuleas the present gigantic war interferes 
to check its progress, tbe agriculture of New- York State 
is certainly in a couditiou of progressive prosperity. Not 
tbe least interesting portions of the volume are tbe agri¬ 
cultural statistics of the State of New York, furnished 
from the census of 1660 of the United States. It includes 
returns of the produce of every county, and concludes 
with a summary, showing the Increase or decrease of vi 
rious products since 1850." The article closes by saying 
that “the volume throws more light upon the present 
condition of the agriculture of the old States of the Union 
titan any work extant.” 
SHEEP AND COWS - COMPARATIVE PROFIT 
Friend Moorb:— Seciug a communication in 
your paper of April 4th. in regard to the respect¬ 
ive profit.of sheep and COWS, in which our friend. 
T. C. U.. makes the profit of cows double that of 
alaeep_aud in this week's number another from 
I). F. B.. in which the respective profits are 
nearly equal.— now, as I have had some experi¬ 
ence in these matters. I beg leave to say a few 
words on the subject. 
In the first place I think our friends have 
made their estimates ou sheep too low: noton 
tbe profit of a sheep, but on the number that can 
be kept on the feed required to keep a cow. I 
shall assume that one cow is equal to ten sheep 
in capital invested, (in common times. I mean,) 
and expense of keeping; and. as my friend says, 
» now for the figures.” Allowing live pounds of 
wool per head, and 40 cents per pound, (which 
is about tbe average price.) and one lamb for 
two sheep, that are worth $1.50 per head, we 
have the product of 10 sheep and 5 lambs, $27.50. 
We will take his figures on the cow, for by my 
own experience I find them nearly correct—550 
gallons of milk. Allowing 3 gallons to make a 
pound of butter, we have 163 lbs., which, at 121 
cents per pound, (which is as much as we can 
make it average in Ohio. ) we have $22 00: de¬ 
duct $5 for trouble, and we have $17.90. Differ¬ 
ence in favor of sheep. $9.60. If made into 
cheese one gallon of milk will make a pound of 
curd: 3 lbs. of curd will make 2 lbs. of curd 
cheese — which gives us 366 lbs. at 8 cents per 
pound, amounting to S27.2S. Deduct $5 for 
trouble aud we have $22 28 profit Difference in 
favor of sheep, $5.22; and then, too. the difference 
between the cheese aud butter, and the wool 
market. The latter is always a cash article, and 
but little trouble to get to market, while the 
former obliges a man to always be a peddling; 
and beside the dealing with irresponsible men 
there is a vexation of spirit about it I never 
could endure Perhaps some our friends who 
have the advantage of a good market for milk, 
at a good price, can realize more than this from 
Difference in situation makes a vast 
8pri.no Fairs —Tho Spring Exhibition of the Brock- 
port Union Ag, Society is to be held at Brockport on 
Wednesday next, Juno 10th. Liberal premiums are 
offered iti the various classes, including Sheep, Horses. 
Plowing Match, Butter and Cheese, Implements, Flowers 
and Fruits, etc. 
The Spring Fair of the Dryden (Tompkins Co.) Ag. 
Society will bt held In Dryden Tillage, June 30th, for the 
exhibition of Agricultural and Horticultural Implements; 
also Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Swine, the. The sheep recent¬ 
ly purchased in England by Ezra Cornell, Esq , will be 
on exliibition. 
ABOUT HOP CULTURE. &c. 
That Stump Machine, Again —Not long since an iu 
quiry appeared iu the Rural for the best method of get¬ 
ting rid of pine stumps. Ga\ e my plan, which was pull¬ 
ing them out and makiug fence of them. In your issue 
of May 9th I find an article from S 8 H , of Lorain Co., 
Ohio, asking for a description of my stump machine. 
Now to describe minutely every thing connected with it 
would be a herculean task; I will, however, try to give 
the outliues In the first place, then I will liken it unto 
a large pair of steelyards, or a lever, say 30 feet in length, 
with ft large clevis, say 3 feet from the large end, made of 
1): inch round bar iron. There are six staples running 
through the lever, made of 1‘; inch iron, each way from 
the bolt which holds the clevis; the first two are eight 
inches from th'e bolt; the next two ten inches from the 
two first staples; the next fourteen inches from the two 
second staples; and now an anchor-chain made of I?£ 
inch iron, which is thrown around a stump, with a ring 
in it to which the clevis is connected by a hook. The 
next in order is a take-up chain made of 1 ** inch iron, 
say 20 feet long, and two take-up hooks made with a swiv- 
i-i in the middle, say four feet long; then wc have rods 
with a hook on one end and a link ou the other, made of 
1 - hich round liar iron, varying in length from 10 to 18 
f ee t—euougli of them to reach 20 rods if ueeeaeaary—and 
then a hitching chain, made of 1inch iron, from 8 to 10 
feet long: also a coupling chain of the same size, and 
then a wheel on the small end of the lever, (the small 
wheel to a lumber wagon will do ) For additional power 
w v pull over the top of a post 7 or 8 feet long, and for the 
largest pine stumps, a post 12 or fourteen feet long; and 
then they must be be awful big stumps if I can t pull 
them.—W A Slcytkr, North Towanda, Pa. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— As the Rural 
has been a source of much useful knowledge to 
me, and as I am desirous of compensating there¬ 
for, if you will allow me to trespass upon your 
columns I will answer some of the inquiries in a 
late number on the applicationfpf “Compost to 
Hops. Ac.” 
The first thing to be done after the poles are 
set is to plow each way between the rows, turn¬ 
ing the furrows from the hills. Then with a hoe 
pull the earth partially away, so as to secure a 
large, flat hill, (but not so as to bare the roots,) 
then carefully pull out all but four vines, two of 
which should be tied to each pole with a piece of 
yarn, (woolen raveling* are best.) After the 
yard has been treated in this manner apply the 
compost Put the ashes and plaster in a suitable 
place: make a hole in the center, put the lime in 
and pour in water until slaked. Shovel ever 
the mass until thoroughly mixed, then apply a 
large handful to each hill around the vines, but 
not much against them. They then require no 
further care than keeping the vines tied to the 
poles and cultivating between the rows occasion¬ 
ally until time to hill them, when the furrows 
should be again turned toward the hills, and the 
earth hoed back around the hill. They then re¬ 
quire cultivating through once or twice, to keep 
down tbe grass and weeds until picking time. 
As to the size of the kiln, a drying room six¬ 
teen feet square w ill do for a yard of two or three 
acres; but the best size for a small hop kiln is 
about 24 by 36 feet, with 14 feet of one end parti¬ 
tioned off for a drying room, with two stoves and 
a large drum, the pipe five or six feet from the 
dry cloth. There should be a thermometer in 
the kiln, and the heat kept from 150 to ISO deg. 
Small Sheep vs. Large Ones.—Robert Georgs of 
Jefferson Co., Ohio, says:—“ H' it can be ascertained that 
an acre of grass land will produce a greater number of 
pounds of mutton in carcasses from 18 to 20 pounds per 
quarter, than in carcasses from 30 to 40 pounds, then erery 
one must admit-that the advantages are on the side of the 
smaller sheep The reason of this is obvious. In times 
of drouth and scarcity u small animal will collect fotiteelf 
ss much food as a larger one; and hav ing a small cares-.- 
it may sustain itself, aud, if equally well developed, msv 
even improve, while the larger animal is daily losing con¬ 
dition. And when the period arrives at which an ahim- 
danee of food may be obtained, the smaller animal is in 
advance of the larger, and wiU soon be fit for market. 
MORE ABOUT CLOVER RAISING, 
Friend Editor:— Some remarks in No. 694 
of the Rural, over the signature of “Farmer 
Axhelve,” on clover raising, have induced me 
to offer a few words ou the same subject. And 
what I offer is for the benefit of the same class 
he seeks to edify, viz., tin* inexperienced far¬ 
mers." 1 have little fear of his leading the ex¬ 
perienced astray. I will note the objections of 
Farmer A. to the “medium" or small clover. 
1st, “ It grows too quick for timothy.” 2d, “ It is 
not so hardy, and runs out quick." 3d, il After 
the first year it will not produce sufficient growth 
any way to warrant sowing for mowing.” Now. 
the answer to the first objection is. I think, about 
a sufficient one for them all. And I wish to say 
in offering it that I speak in reference only to 
lands adapted to the cultivation of the clover 
crop, and not to wet or natural meadow lands. 
Medium, or small clover, can and should be 
raised mainly for the profit of the first crop. 
For mowing, timothy.sbould be mixed with it, 
so as to supply where the clover fails the second 
year. Now, for some of my experience. With 
The Kansas Farmer. —We are in receipt of No. 1, 
Vol I, of “ The Kansas Parmer, and Journal of the State 
Agricultural Society," an octavo monthly, published at 
Topeka. It announces that each number will contain »: 
least sixteen pages (octavo; of reading matter, composed 
principally of such portions of the transactions of tbe 
State aud County Societies aud communications ou tbe 
subject of Agriculture in all its branches, Mechanical and 
Household Arts and Industry, and Natural History, as may 
require early publication. Terms, 50 cents per annum. 
Address F. G. Adams, Sec'y Kansas State Ag’l Society. 
their cows, 
difference in this matter. 
I have giveu you an estimate based upon 
actual experience of what can be done in com¬ 
mon times, where I live, with sheep and cows. 
But if we take them as they are now. when, 
instead of 40 cents, we are likely to get nearer 
80 cents per pound for wool, and a lamb is worth 
from $2 to $3 as soon as it can stand, my friend, 
T. C- F., will find the profit on the other side of 
the house; besides, a man can keep any amount 
of sheep without doing what a cheese-maker is 
always obliged to do — that is, break the fourth 
Commandment c. o. 
Terrible Drouth in Australia. —Accounts irom 
Sidney, Australia, represent that a fearful drouth has 
prevailed in Australia, In some localities there bad been 
no rain for fourteen months, and the cattle had died 
thousands. One farmer lost 5,000 to 6,000 sheep atri 
lambs; another 15,000; and ail who owned stock of arf 
kind suffered in like manner. No one in the country re 
members such a season before. Wool could no: be 
brought into Sidney, as all the bullock teams died on '-'- e 
road for want of water and pasturage, In some pari® 
the country nothing is met for miles but the bodies a-* 
bleached bones of sheep and bullocks. 
Trade Sale or Thoroughbred Cattle.— The first 
trade sale of thoroughbred cattle under the auspices of 
the Philadelphia Agricultural Society, was held May 20th, 
at the Bazaar, comer of Ninth and Sansom streets. The 
bidding is said to have been quite spirited, and the con¬ 
tributions of cattle very fine The most of the stock were 
thoroughbred Alderney cows and calves. A number of 
Shetland ponies were also disposed of. A splendid bay 
Morgan stallion was run up to one thousand dollars, and 
bought in by the owner at that price. 
