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ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JUNE 27,1863 
{WHOLE NO. 702 
MOOSE’S EUEAL NEW-YOEKEE, 
A.Y ORIGLYAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
stitute for many of the studies pursued in schools 
with the avowed purpose of disciphniug the 
mind, simply, practical studies which do disci¬ 
pline the mind and qualify it for conflict with 
the realities of life, giving it a power over them 
which no other discipline does. 
The fact is, the idea that Agriculture is a make¬ 
shift business must be uprooted. The farmer 
who sends his boy to a commercial school should 
neither allow himself nor his boy, when the latter 
has graduated, to think that he has no use for his 
education on the farm; that the business rules, 
axioms and habits taught him are only available 
for use in some city counting-room. Why should 
not the farmer have a counting-room? Why not 
give your boy a chance to practice with his busi¬ 
ness knowledge at home? Set him at work to 
systematize the farm operations, so that he may 
keep an account with each crop, animal and 
investment Provide the books that he may 
keep his accounts by double entry. It is the 
way to keep any accounts,— especially farm 
accounts. And the book-keeping ot the mer- 
your father as much money as you will be likely 
to get at a salary here, by systematizing his busi¬ 
ness and keeping an accurate account of his 
transactions with each department of his busi¬ 
ness? It ought to keep you pretty thoroughly 
employed, aud 1 think you will liot only discover 
how to save your salary, but in what direction 
you can extend the business most profitably. 
Why not try it? 1 ’ 
‘‘But father would laugh at the idea of keep¬ 
ing a book-keeper. I don’t believe he would 
agree to it, I have not a doubt, though, now 
that I think of it, that he would gain greatly 
by it.” 
" Well, then, make him a proposition. Agree 
to take what he will say he has gained or saved 
at the close of the year, by your services. If 
you are qualified to assume a responsible posi¬ 
tion iu a counting-room in the city, you may 
make for yourself a handsome sum in this way.” 
The young man said he would do it; I have 
not seen him siuce. 1 mention this occurrence 
to illustrate what the fanner should educate his 
boy for— not to leave the farm the moment he 
gets some new ideas in his brain, but to apply 
these improved brains to the soil—to the business 
of the lurm. If this article were not already too 
long, 1 would give uti eminent example of a 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With ■ Corps of Able Assistants and Contributors. 
C. D. BKAGIMJN, Wextern Corresponding Editor. 
The Rural Xkw-Yokker is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Parity and Variety of Contents, aud imiam; and 
beautiful iu Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his per¬ 
sonal attention to the supervision of its various depart¬ 
ments, aud earnestly labors to render the Kckal sn 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with 
the badness of those whose interests it teulously advo¬ 
cates. Asa Family Journal it is endneutly Instructive 
and Entertaining —being so conducted that It can be safely 
taken to the Homes of people of Intelligence, taste ami 
discrimination. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with appropriate Engravings, thou auy other 
journal,—rendering it the most complete Agricultural, 
Literary and Family Newspaper in America. 
UT For Terms and other particulars, see last page, 
POTfcTtlArj? 03U >Y DORSET RAM 
Dorsetshire possesses a valuable breed of 
sheep, peculiar to itself. The pure breed are 
entirely white, the face long aud broad, with a 
tuit of wool on the forehead; both male and 
female horned; horns of the males twisted; the 
shoulders are low but broad, the back straight, 
tho chest deep, the loins broad, the legs rather 
beyond a moderate length, and the bone small. 
They are a hardy and useful breed, and tho 
mutton is well flavored, averaging, when three 
years old, from 16 to 20 pounds a quarter. 
A principal characteristic of this breed is the 
almost singular fecundity of tho ewe, often 
bearing lambs twice in the year. Youatt says: 
When on luxuriant food, they will often admit 
the male ten or twelve days after yeaning, and 
continue to suckle the first lamb after they are 
pregnant with a second. 
Crosses with the new Leicester have been 
attempted, but failed of success. The cross with 
the South Down has been otherwise, and the 
breed resulting from it are much esteemed. 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES 
FARM accounts. 
I was glad to see the inquiry under this head 
in a recent Rural, from the land of the Ilawk- 
oyes. It affords excuse for writing what needs 
to be written. 
It is unfortunately true that one of the most 
successful means used to swindle people are 
these "cheap and easy” processes for doing 
things without thought, labor or care in an im¬ 
possible space of time. These marvelous modes 
of making men automatons, do '‘go down,” 
and do more to retard real, substantial progress, 
than almost any other operating cause. 
The inquiry of your correspondent proves how 
broad is the field open to this class of leeches 
who prey upon the ignorance of the people. I 
have, in several instances, found farmers with 
copies of ^ Farm -Book-Keeping” in their pos¬ 
session, which were as gross distortions of all 
business rules, and as incomprehensible by finite 
minds as is much of Oliver Wen hall Holmes’ 
pedantry. No system in their design, and no 
results provided for. But they sold! Farmers, 
anxious to ieam, and to follow precepts of Agri¬ 
cultural papers, purchased tho work on 11 Farm 
Book-Keeping,'- looked it through, laid it on the 
shelf, and had not touched it since. There is 
just about as much hope that a farmer will take 
up Latin and make it a study on the farm, as 
that he will master book-keeping by such aids 
FLAX CULTURE, AGAIN 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— Some time last 
March 1 undertook to give my experience in 
flax culture, (which may be found in Rural of 
April 4th last past,) and then promised to say 
something about harvesting before the time of 
harvest. 
Now, my way will differ very much from any 
one that I have seen described in the papers, 
and I have read all that I could find touching 
the flax culture. Most writers say “ pull and 
bind up in small bundles, and set up about a 
dozen in a stook, or more.” Now, when it is put 
up in this way, it is very liable to got damaged 
by wet weather. If it ruins much while in 
stook, the tops of the bundles being the largest, 
they will conduct more or less water into the 
bundle, which will not quickly dry in the band, 
in consequence of which the flax become par¬ 
tially rotted, so that in rolling this part rots too 
much, and consequently wastes in dressing. 
Another trouble attending this mode of binding 
and setting up, is that it easily blows down. 
Now it does not hurt it to get wet, if it all wels 
and dries alike. I have tried this way, and suf¬ 
fered loss by it 
Now for the mode I think the best. I begin to 
pull at the time one-third the bolls become 
brown or brownish; the seed, however, on open¬ 
ing the boll, looks green, notwithstanding it is 
fully matured. Another evidence of time of 
harvest is, that the leaves have fallen from the 
stalk from one-third to one-half its length from 
the ground up. 
Directions for Pulling.— Pull by taking 
hold of the stalk just below the bolls, keeping 
the roots as even as possible; and when you get 
as much as you can hold comfortably in your 
hands, then spread on the ground to dry. If the 
flax is of large growth, it will require the whole 
ground lo dry on. Put only one handful in a 
place, being careful not to have one handful 
quite touch any other; if it does it will be apt to 
cling and hinder about taking up. The spread¬ 
ing may be done without any trouble by throw¬ 
ing down with the right motion, which a little 
practice will make easy. 
Let it lie two or three days. If it should rain 
on it, it will not be injured, for it wets and dries 
alike. It may, however, be necessary to turn it 
over after the top or upper side becomes dry, 
before it will do to take up, which is easily done 
if spread at pulling, as above directed. In 
taking up, put two or three handfuls together, so 
as to make a bundle about four inches in diame¬ 
ter. We do not expect tho seed bolls will get 
dry,-only tho straw. Then, instead of setting 
fork, for a gust of wind may break both door 
aud fork, 
Plan your garden so that it may be culti¬ 
vated by a horse. Much labor may be thereby 
saved, and tho culture will be more thorough. 
6. When plowing in warm weather you desire 
to rest your team, slop on an eminence, if such 
there is, and always with yonr horses’ heads to 
the breeze. Five minutes in a favorable posi¬ 
tion, is better than ten in an unfavorable one. 
7. Label all packages of seed or medicine. A 
lady last spring offered mo a package of what 
she said was choice lettuce seed; when I reached 
home I found that it contained melon seed. 
8. A variety of farm product tills up the sea¬ 
son, occupies the time of permanent help to 
advantage, and on tho principle of “ having two 
strings to one’s bow,” and of “ not having too 
many eggs in one basket,” is more sure. 
!). One of the greatest and most common de¬ 
fects in road repairing is a failure to even the 
surface. A turnpike left in hillocks is long a 
rough road tu travel, and the little basins hold 
water, consequently they become mud holes. 
10. Industry, carefulness and skill are the ele¬ 
ments of success. More happiness is fonnd asso¬ 
ciated with active habits than ever was, or ever 
will be found in connection with indolence. 
Milan, Erie Co., O., 1SC3. Pktkr Hathaway. 
P. S.—I wish that Supervisors everywhere—at 
least where I travel—would remember the 9th 
item. 
waL ue win master uooK-Keeping oy such aids as 
these. 
Farmers ought to know that the principle upon 
which their business should be conducted is pre¬ 
cisely like that upon which any other business is 
managed — that it is in some respects more com¬ 
plex iu its character, and involves in its conduct 
a more thorough system, and more distinct, unre¬ 
lated transactions, requiring a broader knowl¬ 
edge to insure tho greatest success. But tho 
foundation is always the same. And Book- 
Keeping is one of the branches of such a system. 
1‘ is an aid—it is a system. But book-keeping is 
not so complex a matter in its application to the 
business of the farm, if the work Is properly sys¬ 
tematized. It is simply a faithful and systematic 
«cord of business transactions. And. tho best 
record is that which shows all the transactions in 
foe clearest light and the minutest detail, and 
“foch affords the farmer a quick comprehension 
01 foe results of his management and the condi- 
TOBACCO CULTURE.—THE OTHER SIDE, 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —In relation to 
the question of raising tobacco, I wish to say a 
few words through your paper. That there can 
be money made raising it I do not doubt; per¬ 
haps larger profits than in raising most other 
kinds of produce. But it looks to me as though 
the great question in relation to raising it ought 
to be, is it beneficial to the people who use it, 
and to the country ? Is tobacco ever conducive 
to health? Is not its common use always an evil ? 
There is no doubt ill the minds of those who 
have investigated the matter, that the common 
use of tobacco kills tens of thousands of persons 
every year, and causes untold sufferings and 
misery. I had supposed that the object of our 
existence on this earth was to try to make our¬ 
selves and others about us happy while here, and 
to be always prepared for our final end. Now, 
can we be happy hero and be prepared for 
death while we are using that which always 
causes ill health, misery aud distress? 
Solar as the profits of raising such things as 
cause evil are concerned, “ What shall it profit a 
man if he gain tho whole world and lose his own 
soul?” Can we answer a clear conscience, and 
be doing right in the sight of Goo, to raise such 
things for others to use? Is it doing as we would 
wish to be done by? The Bible says, “Keep 
TEN THINGS WORTH REMEMBERING. 
1. If you hitch horses to a worm fence, always 
select an inside corner, because it is stronger, 
aud because your horses will almost always tan¬ 
gle their halters in the projecting rails of an out¬ 
side corner. 
2. There, as well as elsewhere, if you tie with 
a loop knot, do not consider your horses tied 
unless the end of the halter is put through the 
loop. 
3. Never rest a scoop shovel against a fanning 
mill. 
4. Do not prop a barn door open with a pitch- 
it into the stable, shed, or any other dry, airy 
place under cover, and set it up, and if dry 
enough, pack it down in rows, so as to have the 
seed end as much exposed to the air as possible. 
When 1 have more than I can store in this way, 
I pack it up in the field, by laying two rails on 
the ground, so that the top may rest on one 
and the butt on the other—pack it in regular 
form, tops all one way, and even, until I make a 
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