» 
S E¥E1 
The earth-worm ia in 
more cases injurious to the , ^ 
gardener than the farmer. ^ 
The giant lobworm occa- 
sionally canies the main 
leaf of a young plant boldly 
into its hole ; and in gar- 
dens (he barrenness of the W.V 
soil enables the observer to fl 
notice that, it is a common SVrlKk' 
thing for a worm to drag 
straw, grass blades, plants. y 
leaves, etc., into its hole; 
but for what purpose these 
are carried down nothing L i r - 
definite is known. The 
things taken down, how- 
ever, pass into manure. - jf* 
The worm in the garden has 
its uses if it has its faults; S'i 
and when it partakes of 
•‘green meat,” which it 
never does extensively, the food selected is gen¬ 
erally some vegetables or root rendered soft by 
decay. 
They do not penetrate the soil to any groat 
depth, because they require the air. In still'soils 
they are not generally found much beyond afoot 
from the surface, but on lighter soils, through 
which they bore with much more ease, they may 
be found deeper. At all events, they go deep 
enough to penetrate the soil, and air, and drain 
it, at a depth to which the plow can not reach, 
and for which, we fear, they get but little credit. 
Indeed, their usefulness is seldom thought of, 
whereat by the many they are still ignorantly 
looked upon and loathed as the “ wriggling ten¬ 
ants of the grave.” 
two years. The ash was partly decomposed, and 
although the soil was very dry, the ash was 
moist all through. There was nothing in it but, 
perhaps, house-sweepings, as all kitchen ofTal 
was put in the swill barrel for the hogs. I am 
now fully convinced that there is fertility in 
stone coal ash when decomposed. 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES 
VARIOUS RECIPES, INQUIRIES, &c. 
To Erase Iron-Rust Stains.—S eeing a re¬ 
quest in the last Rural, for taking out iron-rust 
stains, I send one which I know to be good. Take 
the juice of a lemon, and put on the spot that is 
stained. Lay a piece of brown paper over, and 
sot a hot Hat-iron on for a few minutes, or until 
the stain is removed. 
Cuk riifi Pudding, —Lay in a pudding dish 
cherries, pitted, three or four layers; sprinkle 
sugar over them ; a little butter and water; 
make a batter as follows : two cups cream, two 
egg») one teaspoonful soda, and a little salt; pour 
over the cherries; bake half an hour. 
IV ill some ol the Rural readers please give 
other Pudding recipes?—A Farmer’s Wife, 
Newfane, X. Y. 
How to Pickle Blaeberries.— I noticed in 
a late number ofthe Rural areceipe forpickling 
blackberries. As my mode is different, and the 
berries are excellent mVlfl.nl In *m d .„ t 
FLOWERING BULBS IN WINTER, 
little trouble or expense. Fresh imported bulbs 
Can be obtained ofthe seedsmen and nurserymen 
in August and September. Must of these, and 
particularly Hyacinths, can be flowered in glasses, 
as is commonly done, the process having often 
been described in the Rural, or they may be 
grown iu pots. The early Tulips, Hyacinths 
and Crocuses are particularly desirable for this 
purpose. Fill the pots with mellow earth, con¬ 
taining a good deal of sand, iusert the bulb, so 
that it is about two-thirds covered with earth.— 
Then place the pots away in a cool shady corner 
and cover them with ubout six iuches of rather 
damp saw-dust or coal ashes, or sandy earth, and 
allow them to remain in this position for a month 
or more, when they can be taken up and put iu 
the house for flowering. If desirable tho pots may 
be taken up and put in tho etdlar when tho 
weather begins to get prottyjcool, and then they 
may be taken to the house for flowering at differ¬ 
ent times so as to secure a succession of flow^ia. 
goHUuttural 
Ellwanger & Barky's Nursery.— During a recent 
call at this celebrated nursery, 1 found the same perfect 
condition as iu former years, in every part, kept up. Their 
home grounds are an admirable specimen of finished cul¬ 
ture. They have purchased land so that their home nur 
sery Is now one continuous piece of ground of 100 acres; 
the rest of their grounds arc in detached portions. Their 
specimen tree* give promise of a large crop for the present 
season. They continue their former mode of destroying 
the cnrculio, namely, killing the insects (or beetles) by 
jarring them down on sheets, and also destroying the lar- 
vic by sweeping up from the smooth beaten ground all tho 
punctured fruit that hills. This maker, very thorough 
work with them, and the consequence i* that the trees are 
every year loaded and overloaded with plums. A few 
years since some account was published of their dwarf 
Virgalieu orchard, which yielded for successive years at 
the rate of several hundred dollars per acre. Latterly this 
variety ha* become much liable to scab or cracking, and 
they have worked all the tree* over to other sorts. Thi* 
ha* been easily and quickly effected by Inserting a graft 
into each of tho limbs or branches. Tho seoond year 
these altered trees boro well; and the present or third sea. 
son they promlBO a profuse crop. The proprietors see no 
necessity for ulwnys keeping the tree of tho same sort that 
it is first grafted, nod think it a very small matter to 
change the variety, whether on a large or small tree, u* 
often as they like, — Country Gmtltman. 
CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES 
PRIZE CARNATION. 
but too much is worse than nothing as it keeps 
the plants too damp. Where it is particularly 
desirable to keep an old plant over the winter, 
draw the earth well up around it and cover any 
long straggling branches the Hamo us for layer¬ 
ing. In this manner they will generally puss 
safe through the winter. 
If tho best Heed is obtained, and you have 
twenty-five plants, perhaps one-third will be sin¬ 
gle and worthless, another third semi-double, or 
with some other defects, but these will be very 
good for cutting. Of the remaining third per¬ 
haps two or three you will consider delightful 
specimens, and be willing to name them after 
your nearest friend. The others will be such os 
all your friends will praise, though they may not 
meet your ideas of a good flower. 
As soon as the first, flowers appear, pull up all 
that are single and other poor ones. Save the 
second class until they have nearly done bloom- 
'ig, n» they nnik<> a flue , w in the garden, and 
are very fragrant and therefore desirable for bo- 
quets. But os soon as the flowers begin to fail 
pull them up also. Then layer three or four of 
the best and you will obtain the best flowers only 
the next season. Pursue this course a few years 
anti a collection of very desirable seedlings will 
be secured. 
In this connection we give an engraving of a 
good Carnation, taken from a colored plate In an 
English journal. It is named Emperor and ob¬ 
tained a prize at one of the leading shows. If 
,tuiy of our readers succeed in growing such a 
splendid flower from seed they will be exceed¬ 
ingly fortunate; but what has been done may 
bo again. We know of few things more in¬ 
teresting and even exciting than watching the 
flowering of a bed of seedling Carnations. Every 
lover of flowers should have this experience. 
equality with tho Carnation. As suggested, in 
most parts of Europe they are quite common, 
and wo must admit that our climate is not the 
best, for this flower. Old plants will suffer more 
or less by our severe winters, but young plants 
either grown from Beed, or from layers will ne 
found perfectly hardy. Last winter we had a 
hundred young seedlings, and about as many 
grown from layers of the best seedlings of the 
previous year and none were injured by the frost, 
though the vagrant cows that range our streets 
made sad havoc among them one night early in 
the spring. 
In answer to the question bow plants are to be 
obtained, we reply, some very good varieties may 
bo obtained of tho nurserymen and florists, 
though we must say that very inferior varieties 
have oftou l>een sold. These cart be obtained in 
the spring or fall and will flower the first summer. 
The young shoots ofthe plant which do not throw 
up flower stems should be layered, aud each one 
will produce a young plant, which will endure 
the winter without the least injury. The process 
Of layering Is as follows : 
The proper season for layering is June or July. 
When the time arrives for performing the opera¬ 
tion, procure it quantify ot small hooked pegs; 
then take a trowel and remove the earth to the 
depth of an inch or so directly under the shoot to 
be layered. Take the shoot iu one bund, and with 
the linger and thumb of the other hand remove 
the leaves from the body of the shoot, and shorten 
those at the top an inch or so. With a thin, sharp 
knife, cut through tho strongest joint on the body 
ofthe shoot, cutting upwards until within a short 
distance of the next joint, and if the joints are 
close it muy be necessary to cut through more 
thuu one. T lie slit may be from one to two inches 
in length. Then press the center of the shoot 
down to the earth, being at tho same tlmecareful 
to keep the slit open and the top in an upright 
position; take one of the pegs and secure it in 
this situation. A little clean sand nlaced nronnil 
The Princess Alexandra’* Bridal BouqtinT. — It 
will doubtless int«rc>.t jour readers to learu tliat Mr. 
.tames Veiteh, Jr., of the Kojal Exotic Nursery, King’s 
Hoad, Chelae#, had, by -peclsl permission of His Royal 
Highness the Prineo of Wales, the honor of presenting the 
wedding bouquet. It was one of the most beautiful de¬ 
scription, being composed of Orange blossoms, White 
Ilo»e bud*, rare Orehideous flowers, and -prigs of Myrtle, 
with a trimming of Honitcm lace. The Myrtle wok, by 
express command of Iler Majesty, sent from Osborne, and 
was taken from plants roared from tho sprigs used in the 
bridal bouquet which M r. Veiteh had the honor to present 
to her Royal Highness the Princess Royal. It Is, we un 
derstand, Her Majesty’* desire to have Myrtle plant* 
Bottling Cherries. — In answer to “A 
Country Curate’s” Inquiry, I can assure him, if 
he try the following recipe, he cannot fail to have 
delicious fruit for tarts through the winter;—To 
every pound of fruit add six ounces of powdered 
lump sugar. Fill the jars with fruit; shuke in 
the sugar over and tie each jar down with two 
bladders, as there is danger of one bursting 
during the boiling. Place the jars in a boiler of 
cold water, and after the water has boiled, let 
them remain throe hours; take them out, aud 
when cool, put them in a dry place, where they 
will keep over a year. We have tried this re¬ 
cipe for several years, and never found it fail.— 
London Field. 
Preserving Pbab Green you Winter Use.—T his 
desirable result has certainly not. yet arrived at tho state of 
perfection we expect of it, and we have heard of many 
failures; but the following mode has been reported to us 
by a person well qualified to judge of such matters, as 
being very successful - -Carefully shell the pea*- then put 
them in tin canisters, not too large ones; put in a small 
piece of alum about the size of a liorso- bean, to a pint of 
pea*. When the canister is full of peas, All up the inter 
slices with water, and voider od the lid perfectly air-tight, 
aud boil the canisters for about twenty minutes; then 
remove them to a cool plane, and they will be found in 
January but little inferior to fresh, newly-gathered pea*. 
II .tiling I* not bo good at lrn*t we have not found It so; 
the air gets in, the liquid turns sour, and the peas acquire 
a bad taste. 
THE EARTH WORM. 
Raspberry Winh. — Bruise the finest ripe 
raspberries with the back of a spoon; strain 
them through a flannel bag into a stone jar; 
allow one pound of fine powdered loaf sugar to 
oue quart of juice; stir these well together, and 
cover the jar closely. Let It stand three days, 
stirring up the mixture every day; then pour off 
the clear liquid, and put two quarts of sherry to 
each quart of juice or liquid. Bottle it off, and 
it will be tit for use Iu a fortnight By adding 
Cognac brandy, instead of sherry, the mixture 
will be raspherry brandy. 
FERTILITY IN STONE COAL ASHES 
noi uxuic, n is ujucd more oenettcial to man as a 
fertilizer oi the laud. Subsisting on the earth 
through which it burrows, with an occasional 
meal from a decaying tuber or leaf, Us pecula¬ 
tions from the husbandman are of the smallest 
nature; whereas it lightens “the earth’s surface” 
by its burrowings, and thereby aids the spread 
ing ofthe roots of all cereals and bulbs; aud the 
burrows also carry down water after heavy raiuB, 
that, but for them, would often gather in surface 
pools, and thereby injure the crops; they also 
admit the air to the soil to a depth which by na¬ 
tural meanB it could not reach. The earth eject- 
ud by them also tends to the improving of the 
soil; and instances are known whereby these 
droppings or “worm-casts' 1 caused in a few 
years a considerable increase in the depth as well 
as in the quality of the soil. Mr. Darwin, the 
naturalist, gives an account of a case of this kind 
'■bich he tested, and from experiments, he clear¬ 
ly proved that in an old pasture a layer of cin¬ 
ders and lime had been covered in a tew years to 
the depth of an inch, by the eastings of worms. 
"On carefully examining.” he also wrote, ‘-be¬ 
tween the blades of grass in the field above des¬ 
cribed, I found scarcely a space of two inches 
square without a little heap of cylindrical cast- 
J ng8 of worms.” Now, a week or two ago we 
chanced to walk through a very old pasture, and 
we were much struck by the number of worm- 
casts it showed. They were, we are certain, 
nearly, if not as numerous as those mentioned by 
Mr. Darwin, and they darken ed the field so much, 
though the glass was growing, that they caused 
wrne parte of it to look as if newly top-dressed, 
nd when the fine soil thus raised gets spread by 
. e feet of etiee P or cattle, we doubt not but a 
cumulating top-dressing it will make. We have 
since examined several old pastures where lime 
nad b«en most used. This we set down to the 
hurtful effect that lime will be likely to have up¬ 
on the wormlings. 
gmjufria atm 
of COal ashes to lands. I have frequently 
spread It entirely over stiff soils in fall after dig¬ 
ging them, and found them more mellow and 
with fewer insects the following years; have 
mixed it with other materials and applied it as a 
manure, and always got good crops after it I 
have put it two and three inches thick on beds, 
and set my pot plants upon It, to discourage the 
roots going through the holes of the pots; but 
found out that it rather invited them; and when 
they got out, they grew so fast and made so 
many fillers in the ash, that they soon got matted 
as a grassy sod, and extended beyond the cir¬ 
cumference of tho pots, and held it so tightly that 
they could mft be parted. These all told my 
mind that there was fertility in stone coal ash 
after it got wet and decomposed, and two years 
ago 1 got my eyes opened to its full virtue. 
While improving a part of the grounds attached 
to the famous seminary ofthe Rev. Mr. Meigs, in 
Pottatown, a heap of stone coal ash lay in the 
way and had to be moved. There was about ten 
cart loads, or a hundred and sixty bushels. The 
heap was tidy, and thirty inches high, and cov¬ 
ered with tomato plants growing upon It, which 
had sprung up spontaneously. They had the 
strongest vines and largest fruit I ever saw; yes, 
much more so thau any I ever saw upon good 
garden soil highly manured. There were also 
growing among them two plants of Lamb’s 
Lettuce and a plant of a wild Amaranthus, and 
each of these was seven feet tall and as bushy, 
with branches as much extended as a Fir tree 
seven feet tull. They were all wholly growing 
in the ash. Their roots did not reae.h th* anil 
Another Wav to “HeaiJ*’ Bed-Bdos.— If 
any of your readers need a sure remedy for Bed¬ 
bugs, they can have mine, aud cleanse the foul¬ 
est house of these troublesome vermin without 
expense. They have only to wash with sail and 
water, filling the cracks where they frequent with 
salt, and you may look in vain for them. Salt 
seems inimical to bed-bugs, and they will nottrail 
through it I think it preferable to all “ oint¬ 
ments,” aud the buyer requires no certificate as 
to its genuineness.— Mrs. L. 0. C., Pen Tan. 
Kkmedy against Moths* —One ounce of gum 
camphor, and one ounce of powdered red pepper, 
macerated in eight ounces of strong alcohol for 
several days, then strained. With this tincture, 
the furs or cloths are sprinkled over, aud then 
rolled up in sheets. This remedy is used in 
Russia under the mime of the Chinese Tincture 
for Moths. 
DwarrAitles ;n the Wot,-i >«,. that the Illinois 
Horticultural Society rather discourage the cultivation of 
dwarf apples. Why? Who in the West has tried them ? 
C. G., Gak-na, III. 
I have received the abeve. In reply to the first question 
I wish to say, that it is within my remembrance that the 
Society were virtuously down an dwarf pear culture; now 
Sa lve for Curino Burns and Cuts.— Apiece 
of rosin the size of a hen’s egg; the same quantity 
of bees-wax ; three times the quantity of lard, 
with a small teaspoonful of turpentine. Melt all 
together and stir it well, then set it away to cool. 
Try it some one, and send in a report. —Mary, of 
Illinois, 1803. 
Making Tea.— Water for making tea should 
be used the moment it boils. The reason assign¬ 
ed ia that if it Is boiled some time, that all the 
gas that ia in it escapes with tho steam and it 
will then not make tea of the best flavor. Clear 
pure soft water is the best 
not many years since, because the trees plunted were not 
properly grown, aud were not of the right varieties.^ 
C. D. B. 
r 
