ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, AUGUST 1, 1863 
I WHOLE NO. 707 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corps of Able Assistant* and Contributor*. 
'. HAS. D. BRAG DON. Western •orresponding Sditor. 
The Rural Xbw-Yobke 8 is designc-d to be nnsarpftsseil 
in Value, Purity nnd Variety of Contents, and unique 
And beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his 
personal attention to the supervision of its various 
department*, and earnestly labors to reuder the Re ft a t. on 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, 
Scientific «nnl t'therSuhject* intimately connected with tho 
burners of those whose interests it zealously advocates. 
As a Family Jot". sal it is eminently Instructive and 
Entertaining — being so conducted that it can be safely 
taken to tlm Homes of people of intelligence, taste and 
discrimination. It embraces more Agricultural. Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with appropriate Engravings, than any other 
journal,—rendering It the roost complete Aokicultcbal, 
Ljieeary and Family Xzwspaper in America 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page, 
PREMIUM PLAN OF BARN — PERSPECTIVE! VIEW, 
.10x64, one 30x40, a horse-stable between the two 
16x40, and an open shed 16x60. with n space 
above for hay. They were of the usual construc¬ 
tion, upon good foundations of stone laid In lime 
mortar. The site they occupied was as near upon 
the crest of the hill as could he ; the ground 
descended naturally from the yard in three ways. 
On the first of May, 1867, they were destroyed by 
fire. 
The first requirement with us was, where shall 
we put a new one ?—for wo were still aware that 
one good big one was better than six small ones. 
We selected a site, further from tho dwelling than 
before, on land that sloped to the north-west, 
about one foot in ten, a little east of the summit 
of tho ridge, where the water naturally runs to 
the west and north-east. The reasons for select¬ 
ing were, that the earth excavated might be used 
in the approach upon the west, and thus make the 
PREMIUM PLAN OF BARN 
FOR GRAIN, HAY, HORSES, CATTLE AND SHEEP, 
ten, as shown in dotted lines on the section plan. 
The earth excavated was placed in tho approach 
to the doors, on'.thu west, as shown above the 
dotted line. A trench was excavated three feet 
wide and one foot below grade, und filled 
with broken stone, that served as a drain, upon 
which the foundation rests. 
The foundation walls are built of good quarry 
stone, laid in lime mortar, with a balance slope, 
as shown In section ; the west one seven, and the 
east one eight feet above grade. The west one is 
pierced by four windows three feet square ; and 
the north one by three, two feet, .square ; the east 
one being merely returns four feet in length,* the 
remainder being open space, or wood upon a 
low wall, but Above the reach ol miimire, render¬ 
ing it as easy of ventilation as if it were not a 
basement. The south wall is backed by earth 
five feet, the west three feet, and the north two 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES, 
We are in frequent receipt of requests to give 
plans of Barns, and several new subscribers have 
desired us to re-paiblish tho Premium Plans first 
given in the Rural in 1869 . Though already 
twice published, we giro the accompanying plan 
in response to a request for a combined grain and 
stock barn. This plan was awarded the first 
premium, ($25,) among the large number sent 
in by competitors for the prizes we offered in 
185s, and we regard it as one of the best, if not 
the best, ever published. Some of our readers 
say it ought to las re-published annually. As we 
said on its first publication, it is truly a Premium 
Pam, and no one can study its internal arrange¬ 
ment, or mode of construction, without profit. A 
similar plan, with drawings and description, so 
will not assert that it costs no more to raise a 
good, weU-bred animal than it does to raise a 
poor one. This is true, if the effort to roar them, 
in such case, is what it ought to be. But there 
are some breeds of cattle that require more 
attention than others, in the more rigorous cli¬ 
mate of the North-west, if equal results are 
realized. 
I have watched, during the past six or seven 
years, the offspring of the more prominent herds 
of Durharas and Devons on the prairies. There 
are as fine animals, of both these breeds, in the 
North-west as anywhere, probably. The history 
of North-western fairs, and the records of awards, 
attest this tact. Of course the opportunity is an 
excellent one for determining the relative merits 
of the two breeds, as adapted to the needs of the 
farmer. I propose to give the results of my 
observation—more for the purpose of begetting 
a discussion of the subject by men who have a 
direct practical interest in the matter. 
1. Which Breed Pays the Most for the Food 
Consumed?— Here is a question which will at 
once call out a diversity of experience and opin¬ 
ion. And this question answered, the whole 
question of relative merit is solved. 
This diversity of excellence will result from 
different 
1. Difference in ctimate; 2, 
turacter and quantity of food: 
in the mode of breeding and band- 
reuce in the families of the respec- 
,ve greeds; 5, Difference in the object sought by 
Atepmg stock. And there are doubtless other 
causes which will occur to the practical breeder. 
. ' Vl11 uame different points of comparison 
wiuch °ccur to me, and to which I have directed 
tty observation and inquiry. And these are, 
perhaps, the most important points for the West¬ 
ern larmer to decide. 
-■ Constitution. —The character of the consti¬ 
tution of an animal is the point above all others 
,ft ® ^ looked at. Health and vitality are 
essential qualifications in any climate—especially 
. a ,: Nunl| ern one. It is my observation, and the 
•mi urm testimony of farmers who have tested 
l , breeds in this respect, that the Devons are the 
uoier bleed that they will endure a greater 
egree ot c °bl with the same food and care-that 
rposure l0 extremes of heat and cold do not 
tTY* so disastrously to the Devon as to the 
Co "iu' C&1 ‘ Cu * RCr '- formerly of McHenry 
th t v l E °' V ° f Pecuia Co ‘> has me 
mat hahas tested this matter to Us own satisfae- 
good Iowa ’ ias g 5v « n the subject a 
tion r ! ° f attentlt ®i and confirms this posi- 
eral w n **?* at Mi]wau kee, I talked with sev- 
CJ T?** exiibit °rsontUs subject, and I 
ham Vi-SS"®"* fr0m tMs °Pt“on, Even Dur- 
the n , , rS conced ed the fact. I have not 
thev ilSfl °l lhese £ ent]emen before me, but 
Lttft M/'r f0UQd 5n 3 8tore d-away note-book. 
Lor bp n 1 mted the Dev on herd of W. H. 
- cke, & Devon breeder recently from Canada, 
. formerly from v_, J 
TRANSVERSE SECTION. 
water run from the barn in every direction, and 
save making a deep excavation. 
The next item in consideration was its size.— 
This we determined by counting the cubic con¬ 
tents of the old ones, and adopted 40x80, and 19 
feet above the basement, with a truss frame and 
fiat roof. 
We next considered its internal arrangements. 
We needed a Grain, Hay, Horse, Cattle and Sheep 
Barn, the details of which are clearly phown in 
the plans, but the reasons therefor will be given 
as we ascend from the 
FOUNDATION. 
The excavation for the whole structure, includ- 
feet; the east being entirely above grade. 
BASEMENT. 
The north end of basement is occupied by a 
Buy for hay, that extends to the top, 17 feet in 
width, and has a cubic capacity of about 23,000 
feet. South of this, and entirely across the build¬ 
ing, is the cattle-stable, sixteen feet in width, in¬ 
cluding the passage and stairway to the floor 
above. Next is the open shed. 32x40 feet, with 
nothing to obstruct communication with the yard, 
except two cast iron columns, that support “ills 
above; easily ventilated at any time through the 
windows on the west, and capable of receiving, 
with plenty of spare room, a ten-horse-power to 
do the threshing above on a rainy day, should 
circumstances require it. Next, 9011 th, is a tool¬ 
room for heavy tools, or such as are not often used; 
wagons in winter and sleighs in Bummer, plows, 
harrows, drills, roller, reaper, Ac., with stairway 
to stable above. 
FIRST FLOOR. 
The horse-stable, which occupies the south 
end, ts 18 feet in width, and divided into stalls 
of equal capacity*, and one of 10 feet, into which 
a team coupled can be easily driven in case of 
necessity, A stairway leads to floor above, and 
a place fur harness. The forage for horses i3 put 
into tubes above, about two by three and a half 
feet square, one tube furnishing two horses, who 
draw it from the bottom, and eat more, as nature 
designed them to do, than is usual. The floor is 
double, and is made tight with tar and lime , 
which makes a cement that is impervious to 
water, as well as a preserver of wood. The 
iest and most serviceable. Such is my observa¬ 
tion. And 1 have seen Devon cows in yoke, and 
work with oxen in the field, and they did not 
look out of place. Their broad, handsome 
horns, round barrels and prompt style and step, 
might earily mislead one as to their sex. I have 
heard it claimed that the Herefords are superior 
to the Devons lor work; but I dc no; Know that 
r have heard such a claim made for the Durhams. 
IV hat I have written has been written with the 
purpose and hope of calling out a discussion of 
the relative merits of these breeds of cattle. For 
I believe it true that farmers should distinctly 
understand the real merit of the stock they breed 
—abstractly and comparatively. And if they 
are breeding for a purpose, they should select a 
breed best adapted for that purpose. 
The Dairy business is growing in importance 
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