THE WORK OF THE ARMY FOR JULY, 
Chronological Statement of tho Month's Victories, 
Written for Moore's Rural New-Yorker, 
ABOUT REFORM. 
O.v the Or iiUN ok thr Sphc iks. or, the Causes of the 
Phenomena of Organic Nature. A Course of Six Lec¬ 
tures to Working Men. By Taos. H. Huxley, F. It. S., 
F. L 8, Professor of Natural History in the Jerrnyn 
Street School of Mines, [pp. loO.J New York: I). Ap¬ 
pleton & Co. 
Tins work is designed to support the views of Darwin, 
tliat there are no radically distinct species, but that the so 
called species have been developed from a few, or one 
original organism, by some natural process of selection. 
It is opposed to all the common notions of all ages, and 
is intended to unsettle the views of men on the origin of 
vegetable and animal life. Professor HrxLKY sustaius 
with ingenuity the dogma of his master, Darwin, though 
he states that the matter is yet in relative darkness, aa one 
link necessary in the chain of reasoning has not yet been 
discovered, and of course we have a chain with four ends 
instead of two, that is, no chain at all of argument It is 
to be regretted that the Professor had not given to his 
class of Working Men a course of profitable, because eer 
tain, knowledge. F.vcry working roan that has begun to 
think, well knows that we hud no such development* Of 
vegetable and animal life as are between any two marked 
species, so that we sec the change going on. The ani¬ 
mals, ox, sheep, goat, dog, cat, lion, Ac., haie been 
known from the earliest history of man, and have always 
been known to be the same species Tho same is true of 
rice, wheat, barley, figs, dates. The otdy probable view 
of the origin of species existed among ancient nations, 
and has descended to our times, which accords with that 
of the philosopher Moses, as It traces the whole to a 
divine source. For sale at Steele A Avery’s. 
Below will bo found a chronological state¬ 
ment of the successes achieved by the Union 
forces during the month of July. This does not 
include minor skirmishes, in which our troops 
were successful; neither does it Include the cap¬ 
tures by our blockading squadrons: 
July 3n—Meade's victory over Lee at Gettys¬ 
burg, with rebel loss in killed, wounded and 
prisoners of 30,MO. 
July 4th— Capture of Vicksburg by Grant, 
with 31,000 prisoners and over 200 heavy guns. 
July 4rn—Gen. Prentiss fights the rebels at 
Helena, Ark., and defeats them with 2,700 in 
killed, wounded and prisoners, 
J uly 4tu—R osecrans compels Bragg to evac¬ 
uate Tuliaboma. [Rebel loss in the series of 
engagements over 4,000.] 
July Cm— Gen. Buford whips Stuart, and 
captures 967 prisoners and two guns. 
J uly 8th —Banks captures Tort Hudson with 
6,000 prisoners. 
J uly 8tii —Gen. Pleasanton defeats the rebel 
cavalry, near Funkstown, capturing 600 prison¬ 
ers. 1 
July 9th— Buford and Kilpatrick engage the 
enemy near Boonsboro, and defeat them, taking 
a number of prisoners. 
July' 10th — Attack on the approaches to 
Charleston commenced, and tho batteries on the 
loYver end of Morris Island captured by our 
forces. 
July 13th— Yazoo City captured by our gun¬ 
boats, and several hundred prisoners, six heavy 
guns and a gunboat taken. 
July Uth— Battle of Falling Waters,— 1,600 
rebels and several guns captured. 
July 14th— Fort Powhattan, on James river, 
taken by Admiral Lee. 
July 16th— Our forces under Gen. Sherman 
occupy Jackson, Miss., capturing a large amount 
of stores, railroad rolling stock, /fee., and driving 
tho rebel Johnston into Central Mississippi. 
July IGtix— Gen, Blunt obtains a victory over 
the rebels at F.lk Creek, Ark., killing 60 rebels, 
capturing 100 prisoners and two guns. 
July 17th —[or about that time]—An expe¬ 
dition up the lied river captures two steamers, 
several transports, 15,000 Enfield rifles, and a 
largo amount of ammunition. 
July 17th — An expedition sent by Gen. 
Grant to Natchez, captures 5,000 head of cattle, 
2,000,000 rounds of ammunition, and several 
pieces of artillery. 
J uly 18th—T he guerrilla Morgan “cornered” 
at Bufllngton, Ohio, and 1,000 of his men cap¬ 
tured. 
July 10th— 300 of Morgan’s guerrillas bagged 
near Buffington. 
July 19th— Col. Hatch attacks the rebels at 
Jackson, Tenn., and captures two companies and 
an artillery train. 
July 20th— 1,500 of Morgan’s men, including 
Basil Duke, capturudjat George’s Creek. 
July 22d- -Expedition from Ncwbem,'attack 
Tarboro, N. C., 100'prisoners captured and an 
iron-nlad and two gunboats destroyed. 
July 22d— Brashear City, La., surrendered to 
our forces under Col. Johnson. 
J uly 24th— CoL Tolland captures Withes- 
villo, and 125 prisoners. 
J uly 20th—M organ bagged at Salinville; also 
200 of his men. 
July 28th— Our troopajundcr Col. Hatch en¬ 
counter the rebels at Lexington, 'I’enn., routing 
them and oaptaringja Colonel, two Lieutenants, 
twenty-five privates and .two pieces of artillery. 
July 29th— Gen. Pugram is engaged by our 
forces at Paris, Ky 
“ If thy right hand offend thee, cut it off and 
cast it from thee." I appeal to all people if this 
does not mean Reform. And further, are not 
faith and reform the cardinal principles of Chris¬ 
tianity? Good-work in place of evil-work is 
reform. Even faith, which is ordinarily under¬ 
stood to precede Christian good works, is a part 
of reform. Reform, therefore, is not only first 
and last, but is the whole thing. Reform is often 
slow, has many reactions, and back sets, and 
always meets with great opposition; but what 
would we be. what would the world be, without 
reform? Who can answer? Reform sometimes 
appears bright, then sleeps, almost dies —as 
Christianity did through the dark ages—yet it 
never does die. When it does, it will be well 
for us all if we die with it. Reform sometimes 
begins faintly ; gathers strength ; progresses 
steadily without back set.; and accomplishes its 
end; hut never without opposition. 
I will give an instance in proof:—Time was 
when slavery prevailed in every State in the 
United Statep. It was not then monstrous in its 
proportions —slaves were few—besides, it was 
mild in its character. Good men, the very best 
of men, held slaves. Among the rest the follow¬ 
ers of Wm. Penn, called Quakers, held slaves. 
The iniquity seemed for a time almost unques¬ 
tioned. Yet as early as 1716 a few thoughtful 
stud conscientious Quakers, in a small delibera¬ 
tive assembly of this sect in Rhode Island, raised 
the question:—Is slavery consistent with Chris¬ 
tianity? That assembly, and a few others in tho 
New England States, answered rather faintly in 
the negative, (Nantucketapproached a full nega¬ 
tive.) but when the question went up to the 
New England Yearly Meeting of Friends, it 
was termed a “ weighty concern,” but no deci¬ 
sive action was bad in the premises. The im¬ 
portant matter slept—Like the farmer who could 
not catch a sick call’, and said that he would wait 
till it grew worse. 
Previous to this action on the subject of slavery 
a few German Quakers, who settled in Gormau- 
towUj Pennsylvania, very earnestly declared to 
their brethren their convictions that slavery was 
unchristian. The seed thus sown did not die. 
The Reform thus started found earnest, very 
earnest, and patient, and persevering, and what 
is more, discreet advocates, who were never 
faint, or discouraged or weary in their labors. 
Their labors were rewarded with success; for 
before the close of the century no Quaker in the 
United States held, or hired, or bought, or sold a 
slave. Largo numbers of these Quakers then 
resided in what are now called Slave Stutes, The 
reform in Virginia commenced in the Virginia 
Yearly Meeting in 1757. Before the end of the 
century they were prepared to plead the cause 
of the slave before the world. 
He who runs may read thus:—If all Chris¬ 
tian people in the United States had thus ad¬ 
mitted reform into their deliberative assemblies 
the present dreadful war between the North and 
South would not now be raging. The Quakers 
ask to bo exempt from fighting—because they 
believe war to be unchristian—truly, in this case 
they have a claim to oxemptiun; for they have 
done what they could for peace, and because 
other Christian people did not, there is war. 
Reform is often like cutting off tho right hand. 
Oh how we can plead against reform when tho 
sacrifice is so great. Peter Hathaway. 
Milan, Erie Co., Ohio, 1803. 
Evidence o; Mas s Track is Nature. By Thomas H. 
Huxi kv, F. it. S., Pit) lessor, Ac. (lUm.—pp 184.] Now 
York: 1). Appleton A Co. 
Processor Huxley attempts to prow that the diilor- 
cnees in structure or organs of the monkeys ami uiau are 
not so great as to place them in separate orders, ns lias 
been done by- CcviKii and his followers. lie contends 
that tlie division, “Primates ' of I.ix.v.ncs, should contain 
first, man; second, man like monkejs; third,lower mon 
keys, etc., and thinks it possible that man is only a greatly 
improved monkey, though lie admits it is far from being 
proved. The points of relationship between man and the 
monkey tribe are well presented, having no respect at all 
to any mental or moral powers in man. Yet one feel* 
that the subject is not fully presented i indeed Professor 
Huxr.ET says, if man is "/row tnem, \ monkeys, | lie Is 
not of them," buUthere !* a v<ut gulf “ betwm civilised 
man and Me for he holds monkeys to lie brutes. 
To crown the whole, he calls man the “only consciously 
intelligent denizen of this world." In liis structure he is 
separated from even the highest ape: but hit Knwdout in¬ 
telligent' place* man entirely above aud distinct from the 
other. Those who like to feel very near the chimpanzee, 
will be delighted w ith this work; and those who love to 
be men and not monkeys, w ill he amply supported by that 
statement Of the Professor, and will believe, as do the 
great body of thinkers, that the moral power or sense of 
right and wrong ti the grand distinction of man. Far sale 
by Steele A Avert, Rooliester. 
MAJOR • GENERAL GEORGE GORDON MEADIG 
[Tub accompanying portrait anrl biographical 
sketch of Major-General Meade, copied from the 
August number of tho American Phrenological 
Journal , will attract attention at the present 
juncture, and particularly interest those of our 
readers who wish to know the antecedents of tho 
Commander of tho Army of (he Potomac.] 
George Gordon Meade, Major-General 
Commanding-in-Chlef the Army of tho Potomac, 
is the son of Richard WO na am Meade and hie 
wife Margaret Butlkp. Meade. The father 
took his name from his mother's family. She 
was Miss Wo USA M, of Philadelphia; her parents 
being recent emigrants direct from England. 
Margaret Butler, mother of the Major-Gen¬ 
eral, was a native of Chester county, Pennsyl¬ 
vania, about twenty-five miles west of Philadel¬ 
phia. By a somewhat interesting coincidence, 
the scene of some of the most important military 
operations of the past week has been In the im¬ 
mediate vicinity of his mother's natal home. 
The mother of Major-General Gorge Bhinton 
McClellan was horn and married in the same 
county and neighborhood 
A Gli.v t'Sn Ok i in Would. By the Author of “Amy Her¬ 
bert," Ac. [pr>. 4 cm 1 New York; 1). Appleton A Go. 
riiosa who taka up this book expecting to find arUex- 
citing, fashlonaliln novel will he disappointed. Those 
who read fiction merely fur Uie fiction, skipping fiorea 
little, aud there a good deal, will probably drop tills book 
after the first two or three chapter*. i>ui those who do 
light in a thoroughly natural, good story will read it 
through with profit, £The plot Is good and well sustained 
throughout. There arc) no j angelic characters and no 
monsters of wickedness—but the characters are such as 
all can recognize within their own experience. The hero 
ine, Myha, is introduced as a]young girl laboring under 
the disadvantages of natural awkwardness, ill temper, Tml 
entire want of congeniality with any one around her, 
which are heightened by contrast with a step sister pos¬ 
sessing every advantage of outward appearance and man¬ 
ner. The story leaves her, not transformed to an angel— 
but, through a gradual process Of religious instruction 
and self denial, developed Uito a true and noble woman. 
There is a vein of religious teaching running through tho 
book which is neither cant nor sectarianism, and equally fur 
removed from the pointless moralizing of so many writers 
of fiction The bool; is eminently readable, and we com¬ 
mend it as worthy a place in the library of the family or 
the Sunday School For sale by Steels A Avery. 
The Brintonh and 
the Butlers lived very near each other; and 
when those two young ladies met. as they often 
did, in that quiet Quaker neighborhood, it was 
doubtless very far from the mind of either that 
two famous major-generals were to be among 
their future offspring. The Butlers, however, 
were uo Quakers—being a branch of the great 
Southern family of that name, famous for the 
number of military heroes which they have fur¬ 
nished to all the wars of this country. Colonel 
Pierce Butler, of South Carolina, who fell in 
command of the Palmetto Regiment In the Mex¬ 
ican war, was a specimen of the Block; and those 
familiar with the history of the frontier wars of 
the United States will at once recognize the 
name as borne by some of the bravest leaders 
and victims in tho “Indian-tights” of the West 
and Southwest. The family was originally from 
the south of Ireland, and wore a branch of the 
race of the Marquises (and former Dukes) of 
Ormond, who derived their name from then- 
office of Hereditary Lord High Butlers of Ireland 
—one of the seven chief officers of tho monarch 
in feudal times. 
The father of Maj. Gen. Meadfi was born in 
Pennsylvania in 1778, but was the son of a Vir¬ 
ginian. The late Right Reverend William 
Meade, Bishop of the diocese of Virginia, was a 
cousin of Richard W. Meade. Richard Kid¬ 
der Meade, formerly a member of Congress 
from Virginia, was of the same family. Captain 
Richard W. Meade, U. S. N-, now and for years 
past commanding the United States ship of the 
line, North Carolina, i; the brother of the Major- 
General. 
In the year 1803, the father of Maj.-Gen. Meade 
removed with his family to Spain, and settled 
in Cadiz, where he established himself as a mer¬ 
chant, and was very successful in his enterprises. 
In 1800, he was made Consul of the United 
States, and subsequently Navy Agent for that 
port—the commercial metropolis of the kingdom. 
These two offices he held for more than twenty 
years, enjoying tho unlimited confidence of three 
successive administrations, those of .Tekkkrmon, 
Madison, and Monroe. He was the father of 
eight living children, most of whom wore born 
in Cadiz, among whom was George Gordon 
Meade, so christened by his godfathers in bap¬ 
tism-one of whom was a M r. Gordon, a gentle¬ 
man of Scottish paternity, but born in Spain. 
Major-General Meade was well known (oy 
sight; eighteen years ago to many hundreds of 
the citizens of New York, who little supposed 
that “Lieutenant George G. Meade, U. S. En¬ 
gineers, ‘and’ Lieutenant Pemberton, U. S. 
Army, Philadelphia,” who then boarded at the 
Carlton House, were destined to make the figure 
and occupy tho place which they do now, and 
ever will, in the military history of the United 
States. Lieut.-Gen. Pemberton, who com- 
for the Presidency. On the same duy and hour, 
and at the same place, Henry A. Wise was 
married to another daughter of John Sarueant 
—his second wife. Wise was then a young mem¬ 
ber of Congress from Virginia, an intimate per¬ 
sonal and political friend of Henry Clay- soon 
after, his bitterest, foulest, most malignant, and 
dangerous enemy, in con junction with the traitor 
.1 ohn Tyler. 
At the outbreak of the Southern rebellion, Gen. 
Meade was employed in the Topographical 
Corps on a survey of the Northern lakes. De¬ 
siring active service, besought but did not obtain 
command of one of the volunteer regiments then 
about to be raised in Michigan for the defense of 
the Union. But on the 31st of August, 1861, the 
President of the United States commissioned him 
Brigadier-General of Volunteers; and he re¬ 
ceived his commission as Major in the line of the 
regular army in June, 1862. [Since the battle of 
Gettysburg, lie has been promoted to the rank of 
Brigadier-General in tho regular army.] 
In Ihe Mexican war he served in the Engineer 
Corps, and was therefore a non-combatant in 
actual engagement, but he made himself con¬ 
spicuous by brave conduct in the open field. 
He was breveted First Lieutenant for gallantry, 
under Major-General Zachary Taylor, at 
Monterey, in 1846, and was made Captain on 
May 19,1856, 
Ho commanded a brigade of McCall’s division 
of Pennsylvania Reserves in the Army of the 
Potomac until September, 1862, when be took 
command of a division in the Army Corps under 
Maj.-Gcn. Reynolds, who has just fallen in the 
van of the line of battle near Gettysburg. 
The ageof Major-General Meade is forty-seven 
years. 
,, and repulsed with serioiis 
loss in killed, wounded andjprisoners. 
J uly 30th—C ol. Sanders attacks the rebels 
(2,000 strong) at Winchester, Ky., aud routes 
them with considerable loss. 
July 31st —Our forces attack the enemy at 
Lancaster, Ky., kill and wound 20, and take 100 
prisoners. 
Thus wo have an aggregate of twenty-eight 
successful engagements against tho rebels within 
the compass of a single month. Over eighty 
thousand of Lho/nemy were killed, wounded or 
taken prisoners, and (no less than three hundred 
pieces of heavy artillery (and a hundred thou¬ 
sand stands of small arms taken. A pretty good 
July’s work !—Albany Journal. 
COOLNESS OF OUR SOLDIERS UNDER FIRE. 
Element* ok Arum uk,T ie:—Designed for Children. By 
Elias Loomis, LL. D., Professor of Natural Philosophy 
in Yale College, [pp. 100.| New York: Harper Sc 
Brothers. 
A hasty examination of a school book can never give a 
suificient knowing* of its merits to enable any one to do 
justice to it in a notice for the press. To know it* value 
we want to uno it in the school room, briug it in contact 
with the mind of tho scholar, and see whether it makes 
itself understood to tho scholar, or whether the teacher 
must be a perpetual dictionary to interpret, its meaning. 
This is especially true of books intended for the inatruc - 
tion of the younger class of learners. From the examina¬ 
tion we are able to make of the book before us we should 
call it a worthy successor of Colburn Wo have seen 
many “'Mental Arithmetics" since the days when wo 
tasked our yourtbful mind* over the questions of Colburn, 
but wc have not met with any we judge tube so thor¬ 
oughly progressive and comprehensive as this. A pupU 
who bad thoroughly mastered these “Elements” would 
be prepared to go on. with the higher grades of Arithme¬ 
tic with profit and all commendable speed. Mental Arith¬ 
metic is undoubtedly the true form for all beginners in 
the study of this science, aud wc commend this volume 
to the consideration of teachers aud school committees. 
For sale by Steels & Avery. 
History is full of anecdotes of the remarka¬ 
ble nerve and indifference displayed by soldiers 
of differAt nations when under fire. It is to he 
hoped that the future historian of the present 
war will not omit to chronicle, among other inci¬ 
dents, the following paragraph illustrative of the 
qualities referred to:—“We asked an oflicer if 
the loss of life had been great from rebel shell. 
‘No,’ said he, ‘we take them as a joke; there 
will be one along directly, and you can gee. 
What time is it, Ben?’ ‘Just fifteen minutes 
since the last —time is up —here she cornea- 
hello, old fellow I' Plash! and the shell buried 
itself, exploding in the ground, throwing the 
dirt over the tent, and sorao of the pieces falling 
within reach of us — the hole only twenty feet 
from the door. They laughed heartily, why, we 
could not tell; it was anything but amusing to 
us. We were about to bid them good day, when 
they kindly invited us to stay and see another. 
‘It will not be long, gentlemen; there will be 
another in fifteen minutes; don’t hurry.' We 
did not see it in that light, and sped on our 
adventurous way. nad the ground been hard 
or rocky, the shell would in all probability have 
exploded on the surface, and then there would 
have been two enlighteners shot.” 
Five Consciences.— There are five kinds of 
consciences on foot in the world: first an ignorant 
conscience, which neither sees nor says anything 
—neither beholds the sins in the bouI, nor re¬ 
proves them; secondly, the flattering conscience, 
whose speech is worse than silence itself, which, 
though seeng sin, soothes men in the committing 
thereof; thirdly, the soared conscience, which has 
neither sight, speech, nor sense, in men that are 
“past feeling;” fourthly, the wounded conscience, 
frightened with sin; the fifth is a quiet aud clear 
conscience, purified in Christ A woimded con¬ 
science is rather painful.than sinful—an affliction, 
no offence—and is the ready way, at the next re¬ 
move, to be turned into a quiet conscience.— 
Kilto. 
"War PICTURES from thf. South. By B. Estva.n, Col. 
of Cavalry in the Confederate Service. [12mo—pp. 352. i 
New York: D. Appletou & Co. 
This book is a collection of very pleasant sketches by 
one who was for nearly two years in the rebel army; and 
barring a few grammatical inaccuracies, which may be 
pardoned In a foreigner, in very well written. The author 
says very little about his own doings, except the aid he 
rendered our wounded on various occasions, and seems to 
have written a fair and truthful narrative. It c ertainly 
has the rare merit of modesty, and will amply repay peru¬ 
sal by those who desire to get a glimpse of our cause from 
the other side. Whatever the author was he cannot be 
considered a very rabid secessionist now. We regret our 
space does not permit an extended analysis of its contents. 
For sale by Steele & Avery 
SINGULAR SPECTACLE IN BATTLE, 
At the battle of Stone River, while the men 
were lying behind a crest waiting, a brace of 
frantic wild turkeys, so paralyzed with fright 
that they were incapable of flying, ran between 
the lines, and endeavored to hide among the 
men. But the frenzy among the turkeys was not 
astouching as the exquisite fright of the birds and 
rabbits. When the roar of battle rushed through 
the cedar thickets, flocks of little birds fluttered 
and circled above the field in a state uf utter 
bewilderment, and scores of rabbits fled for pro¬ 
tection to our men lying down in line on the 
left, nestling under their coats and creeping un¬ 
der their legs in a state of utter distraction. 
They bopped over the field like toads, and as 
perfectly tamed by fright as household pets. 
Many officers witnessed it, remarking it as one 
of the most singular spectacles ever seen upon a 
battle-field. 
Among the Kaffirs, agriculture is considered 
to be a kind of labor unworthy of a warrior aud 
is therefore entirely left to the women. When 
they first saw a plow at work they gazed at it 
in astonished and delighted silence. At lust one 
of them gave utterance to bis feelings " See 
how the thing tears up the ground with its 
mouth! It is of more value than five wives! ” 
Traveling in a Circle.- The Archbishop of 
Dublin tells us of a horseman who, having lost 
his way, made a complete circuit; when the first 
round had been finished, seeing the marks of a 
horse’s hoofs, and never dreaming that they were 
those of his own boast, he rejoiced and said:— 
^This at least shows me’that I am In a beaten 
way;” and with the conclusion of every rouud 
the marks increased, till he was certain he must 
bo in some well frequented thoroughfare, and 
approaching a populous town, but he was all the 
while riding after bis horse’s tail, and deceived 
by the track of his error. 
1860-*)1. Edited by Frank Moore, author of “ Diary 
of the American Revolution." In Thine Divisions, viz.: 
—1. Diary Of Verified Occurrences. II. Poetry, Anec¬ 
dote*, and Incidents. ID. Documents, etc. New York: 
G. P. Putnam. 
w» liavc received Part XXXiL of this truly valuable 
work In times past we have said many good tilings con¬ 
cerning the 41 Record," aud each passing month adds to 
its worth, cither us a means of reference, or for general 
reading concerning tho various event* pertaining to the 
struggles through which our country is now liaising. Be¬ 
ing once possessed of this publication, it is a matter of 
wonder how any one would be willing to permit its depar¬ 
ture from their stock of books. For sale by Dewey. 
Human Happiness. — The greatest human 
happiness is still a flower that blossoms upon 
thorns. Often it is of so frail a nature, that 
hardly has it shown itself ere it withers away. 
Grandeur and beauty are so very opposite 
that you often diminish the one as you increase 
the other. Variety is most akin to the latter, sim¬ 
plicity to the former. 
< Great men may sacrificeTpmdence in the pur¬ 
suit of great objects. He can well spare his mule 
and panniers, who has^ajwinged'chariot instead. 
