ature 
Sr 
~~TgR1CULT URF 
fourths of a day! I would like to inquire 
whether that sort of men were born west or 
merely “moved" there, and if the latter, whether 
their children will be as much smarter than they 
as they are smarter than New-Vorkars ? 
I will venture the suggestion, ami Mr. Biug- 
don’s friend may enter it in his books if he thinks 
best, that the West will rue the day when it was 
deemed advisable to raise crops with little labor. 
If the ground Is free from weeds, F would spare 
no pains to keep it so; better go half a mile to 
pull one weed than let it go to seed and become 
the great grand-parent of a million. I most wish 
I had said better go six miles. 
As to keeping accounts, it is all proper “in its 
place.” If yirti sell a man anything and he don’t 
pay you, charge it to him in black and white. I 
don't know about, Mr. B 's “ double entry.” Down 
here if you charge a fellow the same thing twice 
over, it is considered dishonest; I am clear that 
once will do. Mat this keeping accounts with 
every horse, and cow, and pig, and field, and 
crop, won't do for the majority of mankind. 
Shrewd, practical men are not so very dependent 
on “ledgers.” They judge without a book 
whether a horse or ox has a good working capa¬ 
city; they soon see whether a cow fills the pail 
and the firkin as fast as she Ought to, and they 
have a knack of guessing whether a crop pays , 
theirpoc/cefs serving as a general index, and they 
very readily “calculate." which crop paid them 
beet. As to the future, it is all guess work, and 
can't be anything c'v'O. The crop that, does best, 
this year may do worst next year, uud the rnan 
that figures will probably be as wide of the mark 
as the man that, don’t in fact I have noticed 
that “journal-keeping " farmers, who are always 
ready with a eolum i of figures and a deuioustra 
tion, are just the ones that don't succeed. The 
reason is, that success mainly depends upon car¬ 
rying out the programme, and that depends upon 
u dry knocks.” 
The course of farming in auy section is deter¬ 
mined by “general consent,” and in accordance 
with first principles. It soon becomes known 
what crops are suited to a particular section— 
the man without a journal is just, as sure us the 
man that keeps one, that cotton and rice won’t 
flourish in Vermont, nor Merino sheep in Louisi¬ 
ana Go through the country, and the man 
without books can tell you what to plant and 
how jnsL os well as those who put everything 
down in their journals and ledgers. I will guar 
antee that the two classes will adopt essentially 
the same system of farming—but the man with 
out books will generally have more physical 
energy, and, very likely, excelling in efficiency 
will excel in thoroughness of execution uud gen¬ 
eral results. 
Close habits of observation are indispensable 
to SUCCESS, except as one now and then blun¬ 
ders into it. Whoever falls to connect Cause and 
effect, and scan with a critical eye agencies and 
results, is utterly unlit for auy business except a 
tread mill, or a similar routine; but, there is as 
much philosophy among “ uneducated men," 
falsely so called, as among collegiates. The 
fanner who makes his way a hundred tulles into 
the wilderness, working by turns at all the trades 
extemporizing most Of his machinery, and mak¬ 
ing all ends meet, looks out iu his old age upon 
liia well tilled and well-appointed farm, having 
begun with nothing, is au LL.D. by a higher 
authority than Yale or Harvard 1 Such a man 
has neither time nor disposition to record every 
fhree-cent operation that he engages iu, but what 
is better, he is guided by a sound discretion, 
which, in small matters and in large, saves him 
from unfruitful outlays and unwise endeavors. 
His judgment, though less formal and methodical 
than the collegiates, is more acute and reliable, 
for having less confidence iu philosophical specu¬ 
lations, ho keeps asharper look-out for the excep¬ 
tions that play such havoc with general rules, 
and the deductions based upon them. His men¬ 
tal processes are iu harmony with nature. He 
always '• takes the divert node " and so escapes the 
bewilderments of a more formal and circuitous 
logic. His life experience—his education—has 
been a constant exercise of his perceptive and 
reflective faculties. Ha has been on a “commit¬ 
tee of ways and means” all his life. He has 
been watching cause and effect since be sowed 
his first seed and reaped his first harvest. lie 
has grappled with obstacles till he has attained 
a force of character that overcomes opposition, 
and carries him boldly into the more recondite 
departments of religion, politics and morals. 
AboveijBli, he is superior to other men in the 
freer play 
FARMER GARRULOUS TALKS 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AS ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, L1TERART AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
Economy in farming. John ! Why, yes, sir ! 
It is one of the most important features of a good 
husbandman's system. He should study the 
laws of economy quite as much as he does the 
laws of production. He should do it for the 
same reason that a military commander should 
study his enemy’s position and force. I remem¬ 
ber what Noah Nevekfail told me once. Yon 
know Noah was a great lawyer. He never lost 
a case. His name in connection with any case, 
was, what some of those editors would call, 
synonymous with success. His success was re¬ 
markable. One day I asked him the secret of 
his success. He hesitated a while, as if he doubt¬ 
ed the propriety of telling me his professional 
secrets; bnt he finally said, “I’ll tell you Far¬ 
mer Gakkut.ocs. I study my opponent’s case, 
I look diligently for his strong points, and in 
seeking them I discover his weak ones. I labor 
to master his position; I seek to become as fami¬ 
liar with it as he is himself. Thus is ray own 
side of the questiou developed. I don’t study it 
at all, except incidently. By this course I am 
made as Btrong as my opponent, at least —yes, 
stronger. I occupy his position and turn his 
batteries against him. I know what his weapons 
are, how he will, or should attack me; and I am 
prepared to defend myself or take an advantage 
of any neglect or oversight, on his part That is 
the way I win.” 
Now, John, that is the way we should study 
economy. It is comparatively easy to produce; 
but how to save and use to the best advantage 
what we produce, is the question. Waste is our 
enemy. Neglect is the client of waste. We must 
learn where to look for the operative forcea ol 
both Waste and Neglect We cannot learn to 
save until we see what and how we waste. We 
learn a positive fact by contrasting it with a 
negative one. Our knowledge of things is a 
comparative one. We estimate the degree of 
light by contrasting it with darkness. We know 
what we can do when we reach the point where 
what we cannot do commences. So about eco¬ 
nomy—it has got to be studied. And, John, a 
man may be economical and not parsimonious—a 
man need not grow mean because he grows 
economical. On the contrary, it, will increase 
his ability to be generous, liberate, benevolent. 
It does not necessarily narrow his mind or his 
comprehension of public duty. But it furnishes 
an aid and stimulant to eularge the sphere of his 
operations. 
But I see that the weeds are getting high in 
that potato patch. IIow they do grow! Sec, 
there are fifty large fellows almost ready for 
seed. I wish you would pull them up and throw 
them to the pigs. It is economy to do it Ii 
Buves the labor next year; it feeds the pigs; it 
cleans the field, and it is as essential now as it 
was six weeks ago. It is a mistake that some 
people make when they let weeds alone in mid 
summer. It is the time to save money and 
labor by pulling or digging them up. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With n Corp* of Able A.*>Utunt« uud Contributor*. 
CHAS. D. BRACJDON, Western Corresponding Editor. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Purity and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful In Appearance. Its Conductor devotes liis 
personal attention to the supervision of it* various 
departments, and earnestly labors to render the P.i;Ral an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important Practical. 
Scientific and otherSubjeCte intimately counecled with the 
business of those whose interests il zealously advocates. 
As a Fajuly Journal it is eminently instructive anil 
Entertaining—being «• conducted that it can be safely 
taken to the Homes of people of Intelligence, taste sad 
discrimination. It embraces more Agricultural. Horticul¬ 
tural. Scientific, Educational, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with appropriate Engraving*, than any other 
journal,—Tvntloring It the raont complete AORlGtrLvmuV 
Literary and Family Newspaper in America 
V ; ->£ 
V.. aWOMSCM SCJ/.ti 
RAM, “ARCHBISHOP.” 
id the riba flat, drooping behind, with the tail set 
very low; good iu the leg, though somewhat 
ig coarRu in the bone. By a careful and unremit- 
rv ting attention during a series of years to the 
he defective points in the animal, and a judicious 
tm selection of his breeding flock, bis progressive 
ve improvements wore at length acknowledged far 
rs, and wide; and he closed an useful and honoro- 
ud ble career of some fifty years with the salisfac- 
vo tory conviction that ho had obtained for his 
la- favorite breed a reputation and character which 
ey would secure them a place as the first of our 
of short-wooled sheep. 
nd “ The South Down sheep of the present day 
are without home, and with dark brown faces 
ami legs; the size and weight have been in¬ 
creased; the fore quarters improved in width 
uud depth; the back and loins have become 
int, broader and the ribs more curved, so as to form 
ed a straight and level back; the hind quarters are 
aw square and full, the tall well set on, and tho 
in limbs shorter and finer in the bone. These 
igs results are due to tho great and constant care 
aii w hich has been bestowed on the breed by Ell- 
!o., man and his contemporaries, as well as by his 
successors, whose flocks fully suBtaiu the charao- 
j,, 3 ter of the improved breed, 
ny “The sheep, though fine in form and syrnmet- 
tes rical in appearance, are very hardy, keeping up 
i he their condition on moderate pastures, and readily 
ire adapting themselves to the different districts and 
id systems of farming In which they are now met 
his with. They are very docile, and thrive well, 
mg even when folded on tho artificial pastures of an 
ted arable farm. Their disposition to fatten enables 
t je 7- For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
HOT-WEATHER WORK 
One would like to know if it is necessary to 
the conscientious discharge of a farmer’s duty, 
that he neglect all effort to make himself com¬ 
fortable and cleanly—that he vlolute all the laws 
of health and good sense? It is health of body, 
mind and heart, that yields happiness—at least 
it is a condition of happiness. It is true a man 
may be happy if he is uncleun; but he will cer¬ 
tainly be happier if he is clean. In proportion 
as the senses are kept in good working order, in 
just such proportion is our perception of the 
relation and beauty and goodness of what we 
see and hear, feel and taste, intensified. A mau 
may be happy if he is unclean—if he iB in con¬ 
stant bodily pain—if he is blind, or deaf and 
dumb. There is the spiritual possibility that he 
may accept such condition as one of which he 
cannot rid himself, and make tho best of it But 
it does not follow that it is the normal condition 
of happiness. 
Hotrweather work on the farm is exhausting 
at best. But if prosecuted, as it frequently is by 
the farmer, with a sort of infatuation that the 
world will stand still if he does not keep in a 
steam and stew from early morn until late at 
night, and keep his family and help in the same 
caustic condition, it Ls terrible in its effects upon 
the body, mind and heart. Added to this per¬ 
petual foam and fume is another idea that ob¬ 
tains among some farmers and their wives—that 
they have no time to “clean up” during the 
week. If a farmer shaves himself once a week, 
and puts on a clean shirt as often, it is all the 
cleanly care his body needs. And the wife, too, 
often neglects her person, and fails to garnish 
the tea-table with a pleasant smile, and brighten 
it with a cheerful, clean, cool muslin—such as 
she used to w ear when she was a girl. Men are 
to blame for this state of things too often. They 
neglect their persons, and apparently fail to 
appreciate the efforts of their wives to have them 
“look decent” 
It is a fact, within the knowledge of most 
SOUTH DOWN SHEEP. 
DELIVER US FROM FIGURES 
Mr. Bragdon, Western Editor, who always 
tells us precisely what we want to know, in a 
very agreeable, if not always a very concise 
manner, “goes in” very emphatically for 
“figures.” He recommends the keeping of 
“farm accounts,” and eommends Ihe practice of 
a Western farmer who keeps Dr. and Cr. with 
each particular - working horse, ox, mule, man 
or woman on the farm.” Garden, fields, crops 
and cows, are all brought to the test of the 
“double entry.” 
By way of illustrating the advantages of this 
system, Mr. B. shows from the books aforesaid 
the cost, per acre, of' raising corn. Here we have 
it“ It would require just 374 days' work to ‘ lay 
by’ (including preparation, planting and cut¬ 
ting,) fifty acres of corn—or seventy-five days’ 
work to ‘ lay by ’ one hundred acres.” 
Now, Illinois is a marvelous State, and the 
people can doubtlessyfyure and work in a mar¬ 
velous way, but such ciphering must be a curios¬ 
ity to “the rest of mankind.” To “lay by ” an 
acre of corn we are tofd includes 1 - preparation” 
of the ground, “ planting” and “ cutting.” I am 
not sure that “cutting ” includes, as it does with 
us, putting the corn into stooks and binding the 
tops, but I am sure it would be very absurd to 
“lay by” a field of corn without that precaution. 
Now it is considered a fair day’s work to cut and 
put up an acre of New York corn in a day; but 
Western men do the plowing, dragging, planting, 
I hoeing and cutting for an aore of corn in three- 
men 
who have observed at all, that the thrifty farmer 
is almost invariably a tidy man, in his personal 
appearance, niswife is as “ neat as wax-work.” 
There is always a clean shirt at his disposal, and 
he needs no second invitation to put it on. He 
does not require urging; he knows the luxury of 
a bath, and clean, fragrant clothing. It is one of 
the enjoyments which pertain to bis vocation. It 
helps him. He respects himself. Other people 
respect him. It is doubted if any man ever 
held his head quite as high in an unclean condi¬ 
tion as when tidy. It should not be inferred that 
we would have any farmer neglect any farm 
duty because it soils his hands or his clothes. 
Be should adapt himself to his work; his cloth¬ 
ing should tie suited to bis business. But we do 
urge that health, comfort and self-respect de¬ 
mand a daily bath and a diurnal change of 
MR. THORNE W »Oi:Tll DOWN EWES, 
hkii Wilson thus I be, weight each. At two years ohl they will 
t he jjiiutfi Downs weigh from 100 to 120 lbs. each. The meat is of 
nimbly an marked line quality, and always commands the highest 
>iual breed as that price in the market. The ewes are very prolific, 
r any other breed, and are excellent mothers, communly roaring 
Glymle, they are 120 to 130 lambs to the 100 ewes. The fleece, 
on iu which they which closely covers the body, produces the 
sn he commenced most valuable of our native wools. It is short 
<• found Hie sheep in the Rtaple, fine and curling, with spiral ends, 
*M-ing good points; and is used for carding purposes generally.”’* 
ck; i,arrow in the Mr. Jonas Webb, of Babraham, Cambridge- 
-houlders; low be- shire, was the most successful follower of Eli.- 
barp on the back; • Journal of the Royal Ag. Society, vol. 10. p.233. 
which has been accorded to his in- 
Btinota and intuitions, faculties Badly dwarfed by 
TWO DOLLARS A. YEAR.] 
“PROGRESS A.2STX) IMPROVEMENT." 
[ SINGLE INTO. TUTVE; CENTS. 
VOL. XIV. NO. 34.1 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-F0R THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, AUGUST 22, 186-3. 
{WHOLE NO. 710. 
