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AGRICULTURE 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 12,186-3 
SYYIIOLE NO. 713 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
A.V ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
taken from the cars on.the track by the owner or 
Consignee. 
Corn—I s divided first into two classes—“New” 
and “ Old,” according to crop. New and Old 
together inspects and is classed rts “ New.” It 
is again subdivided into four classes or grades— 
“ Pure White,” “ Pure Yellow,” “ Mixed”—which 
must be sound, good berry and well cleaned— 
and “ Rejected,” which embraces unsound, damp, 
or very dirty corn. 
Oats.—JV o 1 Oats.— To be round, free from 
other grains, and well-cleaned. 
No. 2 Oats.—All other oats not unmerchant¬ 
able. 
Rejected Oats.— All oats, dirty, unsound, or 
from any cause unmerchantable in the judgment 
of the inspector. 
Old Oats to he inspected as heretofore, “ No. 
1” and “Rejected Old,” and so to be entered on 
inspector’s books and cards. 
Barley.— No. 1 Barley.—'To be plump, bright, 
clean, sound. 
No. 2 Barley. —To be sound and reasonably 
clean. 
Rejected Barley. —Unsound or very dirty. 
Rte.— No. 1 Rye. —To be plump, sound and 
clean. 
No. 2 Rye. —All rye not included in No. 1 that 
is not, in the judgment of the inspector, unmer¬ 
chantable. 
Rejected Rye.— All Rye that from any cause 
shall be deemed unmerchantable. 
Ahmd Weight.— The inspector is instructed to 
use discretion in inspecting the different grades 
of wheat, and not confine himself strictly to the 
standard of weight, where it is a manifest wrong 
or injury to do so. 
CLEAN TOUR GRAIN. 
Here is an item of interest which I extract 
from a circular Issued by Chief Inspector J. J. 
Richards, Aug. 8th, 1863. It interests every 
farmer who has grain to send to this market: 
“ The new crop is now coming in, and, so far, is a 
groat improvement in quality and condition over 
last year’s crop. Much of it, however, is going a 
grade below what it would if it were properly 
cleaned—particularly spring wheat and oats. A 
large portion of the spring wheat, if cleaned, 
would grade No. I, and at least two-thirds of the 
oats now arriving would, If cleaned, grade No. 1.’’ 
And hero is an additional item for shippers, 
In which farmers are likewise interested, and 
which they should see brought to the notice of 
this class, who have much to do with determin¬ 
ing the reputation of the wheat of a locality. It 
is this:—“ More care should be taken by shippers 
in cleaning cars before loading them; for much 
grain Is graded lower than it would be owing to 
dirt and mixtures of grain.” 
The fact is, a buyer and shipper who inixeB 
grain, and who does not distinguish in purchas¬ 
ing between the plump, well cleaned lots, and 
that which is unoleaned and mixed, should be 
invited by producers to leave town on the first 
train; and, if necessary, helped to go. Some of 
these rascals make a business of mixing grain. 
Some of them sell iarge quantities of oats and 
chess as No. 2 wheat, getting better prices there¬ 
for than they could get lor the grain separate. 
That is, the difference In price between oats and 
wheat is greater than the difference in the price 
of the two grades of wheat. This villainy Bhould 
meet, with summary punishment at the hands of 
the producer- He ought not tu be able to buy a 
bushel of grain in any community of farmers. 
But he should have feathers cheap, with an ad¬ 
ministration of lari 
FLOOR INSPECTION. 
It will not be inappropriate to explain what is 
meant above by the phrase “ sound” tlour. This 
will be understood when it is known that all 
flour is classified as “Sound,” “Weedy” and 
u Unsound.” 
Sound.— This must be strictly sound, free from 
any and every defect or fault, causing either 
smell or taste. 
Weedy. — Flour made from wheat that has 
come in contact with a noxious weed, imparting 
an unpleasant smell which it is supposed will 
cook out. 
Unsound.— All flour not “sound” or “ weedy,” 
whether the unsoundness is derived from the 
condition of the wheat, or has originated in the 
flour. The Inspectors are required to note on 
their certificate the characterof (he unsoundness, 
such ns “musty,” “hard,” “sour,” “soft sour” 
or “slightly unsound”— the latter explanation of 
unsoundness being intended to indicate that the 
SELLING PRODUCE - SUGGESTIONS 
FARMBUS AND THE MARKETS. 
In the past there has been a great deal of com¬ 
plaint among the farmers of the West, because 
of their relations to grain dealers. And there 
has been cause for complaint. Probably the 
cause or causes are not yet entirely removed; 
nor have the complaints ceased. And it is 
likely to be so until the producer and the ship¬ 
per and dealer recognize the fact that their inter¬ 
ests are mutual, and that conference, concilia¬ 
tion and co-operation will promote the best 
interests of all—that the prosperity of one Is, In 
a degree, dependent upon the success of the 
other. 
The farmer will hardly make his power and 
influence felt without organization. In matters 
relating to traffic—to the disposal of produce, 
communities of farmers should be organized, so 
as to secure concert, of action when there is a 
wrong to be righted, or a desirable and valid 
object to bo secured. But of this subject, more 
in detail hereafter. My present object is to fur¬ 
nish your readers who grow produce for the 
Chicago market, with some matters of personal 
interest to them. For, after knowing bow to 
produce an article for market, it is important to 
know in what shape it will bring the most mon. 
ey and yield the largest profit The grain 
grower, then, will be interested to know some¬ 
thing about the system of 
GRAIN INSPECTION 
Obtaining here. This system is faulty yet, not¬ 
withstanding the efforts that have been made to 
perfect it. For one man cannot inspect all the 
grain. There must be a dozen, more or less, 
grain inspectors. Each one of these inspectors 
is governed by certain rules. But these rules 
are not altogether arbitrary, and the inspector is 
compelled to act at discretion—to exercise his 
judgment. He may be misled, deceived, or his 
judgment may be at fault, or he may construe a 
rule liberally at one time and too rigidly at 
another, or he may be dishonest, and allow him¬ 
self to be used by dishonest men for dishonest 
purposes. Hence the inspection Is not always 
uniform nor just. But it is the effort of the 
Board of Trade of this city to make It as nearly 
uniform as possible, and secure honest men for 
inspectors, who combine with honesty, good 
Eds. Rdral New - Yorker :— Under this 
head, “ Coalition,” in your paper of August 29tb, 
proposes an association of farmers for the pur¬ 
pose of obtaining the highest prices for farm pro¬ 
duce, giving as a reason, that individuals among 
them—himself included—annually suffer by sell¬ 
ing at prices lower than the highest prices for 
the year have sometimes reached for given arti¬ 
cles. 
This is an old story with ever so many people 
of all trades and occupations, praiseworthy in 
itself, and all very well, if it could only be 
brought about. But, has it never occurred to 
“ Coalition ” that if farmers sometimes lose by 
selling at low prices, the purchasers of the pro¬ 
duce quite as often lose in tho high prices they* 
frequently pay ? In these actively commercial 
times there is a class of middle-men, or specula¬ 
tors, if you please, who range all through the 
country, purchasing grain, butter, cheese, fruit, 
pigs, sheep-—in short, all that a farmer has to sell, 
and the competition among them is such that 
they frequently pay more for articles than (hey 
can get for them in the large markets, after pay¬ 
ing charges, losses on perishable urticles, interest 
on money, and various risks and chances, always 
incident to speculation. When the farmer sells 
his produce and gets bis pay for it, as he should 
always be sure to do, his risks are at an end. 
He need spend no more time or trouble about, it, 
and can go to work at something else. If he 
wants good prices, It Is hia first business to take 
a good agricultural paper, and read the quota¬ 
tions of weekly prices, which are quite as relia¬ 
ble as any he would get from hisown “reporter,” 
and at much less expense. Add to this, if he 
read diligently, and think of what he reads, he 
can form a tolerably accurate opinion of the 
annual production of the country in articles 
which he has to sell, and the prospects of the 
coming markets: or, he can talk with his intelli¬ 
gent, neighbors, and gather their opinions on 
which to form his judgment, and govern himself 
accordingly. 
In the course of my business experience, I have 
seen repeated trials of associations for “ Farmers’ 
Stores,” “ Farmers’ Produce Warehouses,” where 
the whole neighborhood produce was brought to 
be sold by an “associate agent,” or some such 
like arrangement, or combination; and I never 
knew any such affair to last over one season, Or 
year. The whole thing turned out a failure, 
either from the want of knowledge or tact in 
the managers, or by the agent’s turning sharpen 
or some other difficulties, endingin the thorough 
disgust of the partners; who had to make a gen¬ 
eral assessment to foot up the'losses. “Every 
says the adage, and it isa good 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With n Corp* of Able AwUtnntu nnd Contributors, 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, Western Corresponding Editor, 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Parity and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his 
personal attention to the supervision of its various 
departments, nnd earnestly labors to render the Rural an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, 
Scientificanil otlierSubJecta intimately connected with the 
business cf those whose interests it zealously advocates. 
As a Family Journal it is eminently Instructive nnd 
Entertaining—being ao conducted that it can bo wifely 
taken to the Gomes of people of intelligence, taste and 
discrimination. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with appropriate Engravings, than any other 
journal,—rendering it the most complete Agricultural, 
Literary and Family Newspaper in America 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page, 
A SEASONABLE TOPIC, 
The Agricultural Exhibitions to be held 
during the enduing four weeks are now very 
properly attracting general attention, and a few 
remarks on their management, and the duty of 
officers and exhibitors, are submitted for the con¬ 
sideration of the large number of our readers in¬ 
terested. 
In order to secure success every Society must 
have live, wide-awake, efficient and honest man¬ 
agers—men who are in earnest and work for the 
cause rather than personal gain or popularity. 
And, by the way, it is the duty of the members 
of our Societies to attend the annual meetings 
promptly and regularly, and see that, by the aid 
of their voices and votes, such men are selected. 
Those who neglect this duty have no just cause 
of complaint if matters are not properly man¬ 
aged. And it is not only necessary to select 
good officers, but to second their efforts to further 
the objects in view. A member’s duty does not 
cease when ho has aided in electing an efficient 
board; he is bound, though only a “Ligh private,” 
to aid in enhancing the prosperity of the organi¬ 
zation in every proper manner. His presence 
and personal influence are especially important 
at the Annual Fair of his Society—after having 
induced as many of his neighbors to join him as 
possible. Too many of our Societies and Fairs 
are “ run ” by a few men—from three to six— 
while the great mass of members stand aloof, and 
often complain of sins of omission or commission 
which would have been avoided had their own 
duties Iteen properly discharged. 
But the Fairs are to be held soon, and now is 
the time to talk and act in regard to them. 
Reader, what are you doing for the success of the 
one to be held in your locality ? 
man to his trade, 
one. 
As to prices ranging high, or low, it is often¬ 
times a matter of accident or chance which the 
sagacity of no man can always foresee or deter¬ 
mine. Probability is the nearest point to w hich 
any one can arrive. No business in our coun¬ 
try is so fluctuating as that of the produce-dealer, 
nor is there any business in which larger sums of 
money are lost than in his. They occasionally 
make fortunes, it is true; but after watching 
them for thirty years at the great produce mart 
of Buffalo, I can scarce count twenty out of sev¬ 
eral hundreds who have retired from that busi¬ 
ness rich, but scores after scores of them who 
went out bankrupt. 
I have known sundry farmers, too, and they, 
I find, sometimes turn speculators in their own 
or their neighbors' products—who could never 
get enough for their stuff When prices were 
fabulously high, they would still hold on for 
higher—weeks, months, or years, as the perish¬ 
able quality of their articles might admit,—and 
then sell for half what they once could have 
realized, had they sold In time. For instance, 
two years ago, wool was worth only 25 to 40 
cents a pound, according to grade or quality 
Since then it has been worth 75 to 90, or 100 cents’ 
and as cotton cheapens—and it will all the while 
be going down as the rebellion becomes subdued, 
as it sureiv will—wool will still get lowerinstead 
of higher. Yet, when it is now worth Dear or 
quite 100 per cent more tbau the average price 
has been for the last ten years, many of our far¬ 
mers are holding on and grumbling lieeause 
prices are no higher. I predict that the price of 
wool will be lower, rather than higher, like those 
of most, other kinds of farming produce. Iam 
not a produce buyer, and only wish I had more 
to Bell. 
1 Black Rook, N. Y , Aug. 31, 1863. L. F. Allan. 
Have you 
talked with your neighbors and townsmen on the 
subject, and resolved to unite with them (or in¬ 
duced them to unite with you) in contributing to 
the exhibition, thus materially enhancing the 
interest and value of the general displays. If not, 
there is no time to lose in creating a laudable 
spirit of rivalry and emulation. Stir up your 
friends to enter upon the good work—to join you 
in becoming exhibitors at the Town, County or 
State Fair. Prepare your best articles and ani¬ 
mals—not those which are wonderful by chance, 
but such as depend for their merit upon your 
knowledge, skill and careful attention—and Eee 
that they are properly exhibited in competition. 
Don’t hesitate because others may show larger or 
better, but do your best, and, if you do not take 
a premium, you will manifest the right spirit and 
aid in promoting improvement—indeed may be 
materially benefited personally by the compe¬ 
tition and comparison of products with others. 
If the judges are honest and capable men—and 
great pains should be taken to select such in all 
eases—you will receive credit for endeavors in 
the right direction. 
And right here, having alluded to judges, let 
us say that it is of the utmost importance to the 
permanent usefulness and prosperity of our 
Agricultural Societies and their Fairs that 
none but good men—such a? are most capable 
and conscientious —should be appointed on 
awarding committees. Neglect in this matter— 
a lack of judgment and discrimination in select¬ 
ing judges—is a serious hindrance to the pros- 
Rejeded Winter .—To include dirty and infe¬ 
rior wheat, but not so badly damaged as to ren¬ 
der It unfit, for flouring. 
No Grade.—A II Winter wheat so badly dam¬ 
aged as to render it unfit for flouring, is to be 
passed “No Grade.” 
All Winter wheat is to be weighed, and the 
weights to be entered on the inspection books 
and cards, as is done in the inspection of Spring 
wheat. 
Extra Club .—To be sound, well cleaned, and 
to consist of pure club wheat, weighing not less 
than sixty pounds to the measured bushel. 
Amber Toioa.—To be sound, well cleaned, and 
to comprise all kinds of bright, amber-colored 
Spring wheat, weighing not less than fifty-eight 
pounds to the measured bushel. 
No. 1 Spring .—'The berry to be plump, well 
cleaned, free from other grains, and to weigh not 
less than fifty-eight pounds to the measured 
bushel. 
No. 2 Spring .—To be sound, but not clean 
enough for No. L and weigh not less than fifty- 
sLc pounds to t he measured bushel. All Black 
Sea wheat inspects No. 2 Spring. 
Rejected Spring .—All unsound, unmerchant¬ 
able Spring wheat, and to weigh not less than 
fifty pounds to the measured bushel. 
Condemned Wheat .—Mixed with screenings, 
rye, or any refuse whatever. Condemned wheat 
is not received into the warehouses, and must be 
