5TURE 
ffi®2ULTi 
Agriculture 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, OCTOBER 111, 1863 
SWHOLE NO. 717. 
xcith rare, and fed to cows giving milk or soon 
coming in, or to sheep, horses, and other stock in 
moderate quantities so as to supply the succulent 
or juicy food which every animal must have at 
intervals during both winter and summer in order 
to secure a proper condition of bowels, and tho 
healthy action of the physical powers. This is 
a weightier matter than is generally supposed. 
Constipation and debility have killed many a 
calf, colt and lamb that might have been saved 
by the apples that, were left to freeze and rot in 
our orchards. 1 think apples, with a moderate 
supply of other food, might save thousands of 
people that put their faith in pukes and pills and 
ignorniniously perish. 
1 will conclude by saying that many a land 
owner should make it his fall business (perhaps 
ppring will do as well) to put out a large supply 
of Russet, Baldwin, Northern Spy. Wagner, Gra- 
venstein, Twenty-Ounce, Primate, Melon, Bailey 
Sweet, Washington, Spltzenburgh, Greening, 
Etrly Harvest, Red Astracan, and other desira¬ 
ble apples, so that at all times of year the family 
have fruit good to eat, cooked and uncooked. 
Western New York is the paradise of apples 
and pears, and the time will come when the rais¬ 
ing of these fruits will be our principal business, 
and make this the richest agricultural region in 
the world.— h. t. is. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AS original weekly 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corpn of Able A**lj»tunl* mid Contributor*. 
CHAS. D. BBA3DON. Western Corresponding Editor. 
The Rural New-Yorker in designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value. I’urity end Variety nf Contents, end unique 
and beautiful .n Appearance. It. Conductor devotes bis 
personal attention to the supervision of it* various 
departments, end earnestly labors to render the Rural an 
eminently Reliable Guide on ell the important Practice!, 
Scientific and otherSuhject* intimately Connected with the 
business of those whose interests it zealously advocates, 
As a Family ./optimal it is eminently Instructive and 
Entertaining—being so conducted that it can be safely 
taken to tho Homes of people of intelligence, taste and 
discrimination. It embraces more Agricultural. Uorticu! 
tural. Scientific, Educational, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with appropriate Engravings, tnan any other 
journal,—rendering it the most complete Agricultural, 
Literary and Family Newspaper in America 
ANOTHER PREMIUM PLAN OF 1 IJAIiM 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
eight feet; barn posts 18 feet long; tho Long 
Shed is ‘25 wide, 111 long; posts 20 feet. East 
Shed posts nine feet long. 
The cost of /Pirn without,sheds $100, including 
board of hands; can bo built $50 cheaper with¬ 
out planing or painting. Sheds cost $430, in¬ 
cluding board of hands, and can bo built for $400, 
without planing or painting. 
My modo of fixture for tying cattle is much 
cheaper than tho ordinary way, besides being 
much more comfortable for the animals—it is as 
follows : first, I act my standards four feet apart, 
have a ring made of three-eights or half-inch 
iron about six inches across, put over the stand¬ 
ard, and then put tho bow through the ring and 
over tho animal’s neck. Tho operation is shown 
in the engraving. Have a piece of hard wood 
for a latch ouu inch thick and eight inches long, 
l j inch hole at one end, and one inch at tho other. 
Tho boiv needs a knob on one end and katch in 
the other. This I have also endeavored to show 
in the engraving. The rings will slip up and 
down to suit the animal's convenience. They 
can lay down and turn their heads around on 
their side, and they can lay much nearer than if 
fastened in any other way, and if you have an 
animal that is inclined to be masterly you can 
make him keep bis head on his own side, by put¬ 
ting a board on one side or the other to suit your 
convenience. Thus you can control the most 
vicious of animals, and make them perfectly sub¬ 
missive. I have adopted four feet apart for my 
standards, but they will do much nearer for 
small animals. 
FALL WORK, 
FARMER GARRULOUS TALKS 
AGAIN CONCERNING AGRICULTURAL FAIRS, ETC. 
With the American Farmer fall is the busiest 
season of the year, because its work can not be 
put off—with many things witnter closes the ac¬ 
count, Crops may be put in, late, but,they can’t 
always be harvested late; its now, or never. 
Our arrangements are frequently defective by 
reason of our getting a week or two behind the 
season in spring and summer; the consequences 
are that every thing is out of place. We sow our 
oats and peas late, which brings our corn, pota¬ 
toes and beans late; hoeing is of course late, 
running into haying and harvest when labor is 
high, and so it is half done. We begin haying and 
harvest late and lose more by delay in cutting 
than the whole cost of securing the crops in sea¬ 
son. In short, everything is done at a disadvan¬ 
tage and every crop Is light liecuuse the work is 
out of season—we hurry, and worry, and fume, 
but can’t catch up. Now if wo had started ten 
days earlier in the spring, or secured a little more 
help, everything would have been “on time.” 
and wo might have had good crops instead of 
poor. Had we omitted the peas, spring wheat, 
or barley, and gone on with our potatoes, corn, 
Ac., at the proper time, doubtless our profits 
would have been geater—since profits depend 
not on the acres, so much as the yield. 1 mention 
this now, that we may see where we have missed 
it, and make seasonable arrangements for another 
year that will avoid the errors of this. Mistakes 
are not half as hud as our failure to profit by them. 
What I mainly wish to say now, is, that we 
should look over :ke work that ought to be done 
the present season, and without indulging in 
visionary calculations, determine whether our 
present arrangements are likely to accomplish it; 
if not, then let us make such arrangements, with¬ 
out loss of time, as will accomplish it, 
Did you ask if I had been to the Fair, John? 
Yes, I was there. What did I think of it? Why. 
I thought a good deal about it. I am satisfied 
that the days when Fairs are useful are passing 
away. 1 am sorry to be compelled to say so. 
There is something radically wrong about the 
motives of men who visit Fairs. They do not 
seem to labor dining the year for the purpose of 
making a creditable display at, the Fair. Our 
best fanners show the least- Now these exhibi¬ 
tions of fine stock, of grain, vegetables and fruit, 
should mean something. Each object should be 
a lesson to talk about—an object lesson. An an¬ 
imal enters tho riug, is looked over by the judges, 
a ribbon is tied to the horn, he is led around the 
ring once, and passes away into the stall. Well, 
what comes of it? Do the judges make any re¬ 
port beyond the simple award? Not at all. 
They award a premium to what they call tho 
best bull, without pointing out why they think 
him best. This educates nobody—the public are 
none the wiser—and it is because judges are not 
compelled to give a reason for their awards that 
we do not have better judges and more just de¬ 
cisions. For nine out of ten judges who decide 
upon the relative merits of animals, would be 
exceedingly puzzled if called upon to report 
what, the points of merit arc upon which they 
base their awards. The fact is, there are few 
men who act as judges who have any standaid 
of excellence fixed in their minds at all. The 
judge is governed almost exclusively by the tm- 
pression the animal makes upon his mind as be 
superficially glances at him. 
Now there is Dolorous. What does he know 
about the points of excellence which make up a 
good milch cow? It is doubtful if he ever milked 
a cow in his life. I don’t believe he knows that 
there are any peculiarities about a cow which in¬ 
dicate superior excellence as a milker. A yet I 
saw him treading around a great, overgrown, 
white, barren Short-Horn cow. that had no more 
bag than an ox. and was just about as much of a 
milker, pointing out, with a great show of wis¬ 
dom, the remarkable character of this animal, to 
a brother cornmittee-man, who evidently knew 
less of the animal than he did, and behold, the 
big, barren, long-haired, staggy Short-horn wore 
away the blue ribbon, while a tidy little dame of 
a cow, with a bag as big as a half bushel basket, 
and the milk dripping from her teats—a milch 
cow all over—went off the grounds as demurely 
and modestly as she entered 1 And these savans 
had scarcely looked at the “scrawney beast.” 
“ That is what is the matter.” That is what is 
killing our Fairs. The spirit of competition— 
honorable competition and emulation —is not 
fostered. Fools in kid gloves aud broad-cloths 
serve on committees and astonish and discourage 
practical men by their displays of wisdom. It is 
grinding to one’s sensibilities, John, to see how 
these things go. And it makes me sad to see that 
this course of things is bearing legitimate fruit. 
It is destroying our exhibitions. 
1 met Bidis on the Fair grounds to-day. He 
was looking down in the mouth. I asked him 
what was the matter. He said he had been in 
trouble. He was disgusted with the action of the 
PLAN OF UPPER STORY. 
A, Stairway to Stable. B, Space for letting liny ilown to 
story below, for horse*. C, Trap Door, to throw nia 
nure down from cattlo idled*. P, P, Openings to lot feed 
down. D, Floor for storing fodder, 25 by 64. K, West 
Bay, 19 by 30. F, Upper Barn Floor, 13 by 30. G, 
Cattle Stulls, 9 by 24 and 0 by 82. II, West Bay, 13 by 
30. I, Loft of Leau-to, 10 by 20. 
My Basement is dry. Sills two feet from 
ground. My grain has never masted nor wet, 
and feud never frozen in winter. I have twelve 
Grain Bins , so arranged that I can get to any 
one of them when I wish, capable of storing over 
3,000 bushels, aud four Hoot Bins, which will 
store about 800 bushels, where they can be seen 
to at any time. 
My stone wull is laid in mortar and pointed; 
the frames are all made of square timber and 
joist; no round timber anywhere about; outride, 
all planed and painted. The Basement Story is 
GROUND PLAN OF LOWER STORY. 
Standards for tying cattle. F, Lower Feed Room in 
front of Cattle, 4 by 61. G, Bunks for Cattle, 9 by 64. 
H, Door*. I, Manure Cellar under east shed, Id by 24. 
J, Open Shed. K, Horse Stalls, 10 by 30. I,, Horse 
Bunks, 2 by 28, (hay from above, and grain in front of 
horses, by falling doors in ceiling, j M, Stairs. N, 
Halls in Granary. O, Root Bins. I*, Cleaning Floor 
aud Weighing Room, and Feed Room for horses, wliich 
does not freeze in winter, 13 by 24. 
I enter the barn from the north with team on 
Bow, attached to ring, b, c, Ends of bow. cl, Hard 
Wood Latch, showing holes for ends of bow. 
There are 
many things that we can not afford to leave un¬ 
done that remain undone, just because we slide 
along from day tu day and month to month, 
promising ourselves more in the future than we 
have any good reason for expecting. Moderate 
as our performances are, we are mighty in expec¬ 
tations. Let us not deceive ourselves. Let us 
do what we mean to do, and abandon manfully 
what we don’t take the necessary steps to accom¬ 
plish. If we cut the timber off from a piece of 
land designing to cultivate the soil, don’t let it 
grow up to weeds, and briars, and thistles, by 
putting off from time to time the work of burning 
the brush and seeding it down. If we have a 
young orchard, don’t let the trees lean and grow 
crooked for want of a stake, till they defy our 
power to straighten them, or the ground remain 
hard and sterile and grassy till they are hope¬ 
lessly stunted. If noxious weeds have come in, 
don’t let the roots deepen and the seed scat¬ 
ter before we attend to them. If we lack sheds 
for sheep and cattle, don’t wait till fall and 
winter storms have done serions damage to our 
herds, before we build them. Don’t let our veg¬ 
etables get frosted before we secure them. 
Particularly don’t let us fall into the very com¬ 
mon error of neglecting our apples that are not 
desirable for market—“ natural fruit ” and wind 
falls. These should be gathered with care, and 
assorted according to their keeping qualities, the 
best keepers put in bins in the cellar, or covered 
up in the barn where they will not freeze, handled 
of ginger-pop kind of intoxication. I commenced 
telling you about a visit to the Shakers, but my 
pen run right in to a topographical description of 
the country, aud very loomed disquisition about 
Northern currents, and icebergs, glaciers, and all 
that sort of thing, and lacking the inspiration, of 
the genuine old spirit, I got my feet so deep into 
the mud of geology that I could not get it out 
without leaving my boot,—so I left the boot by 
throwing the manuscript into my trunk and 
there it rested. 
I did intend to write you from the State Fair 
at Utica, but bad no time and less inclination— 
and I am only writing now to give you a few 
items that may have general interest. 
The crop of hay throughout Now England has 
been an uncommonly good one—never better. 
Corn, not only there, but in this State, Is above 
an average yield—in those .States one of the best 
they have ever had in quantity and quality. 
Oats a good yield on the ground, but damaged 
by the wet weather, so that they do not show 
well in the half bushel. Rye good. But the 
potato crop is almost a total failure. In many 
fields three weeks ago more than half were rotted, 
and tho w eather since has been favorable for tho 
spreading of the disease. The fruit crop is also 
a failure—not one quarter the apples grown this 
year that there was last. 
The sheep fever has not abated. Some of the 
best flock-masters were culling their sheep and 
careful, critical examination. Not a committee¬ 
man got into a pen with the sheep—not an ani¬ 
mal was handled by a member of the committee, 
and Bidin said he would be d —ogged if ho 
would take another sheep to a County Fair. 
And there was rny friend Genens, who rushed 
up to me wkh a bright light in his eye, colored 
with indignation, saying, “ I’ll tell you what, 
Farmer Garrulous, 1 am not gotog to attend 
any more of your Fairs and be imposed upon in 
this way. There is my cultivator. What do you 
think ? They sent a lawyer, a doctor and a 
horse-jockey around to examine it and award a 
premium. Not one of the committee knew any¬ 
thing about farming or farm implements. They 
told me so. I told them I would not show mine 
then—I would withdraw it from competition; 
and I did. And now I am going home. And 
when I want an award I will invite a dozen or 
LETTER FROM NEW ENGLAND. 
My Dear Rural You believe in the adage, 
“better late than never;" so do I, especially 
under certain circumstances. But we won’t dis¬ 
cuss the circumstances now. 
I was down or up in New Hampshire the other 
day, that is, some two or three weeks ago, and 
having bad a pretty good tramp among the bills 
and people, sal down one day to write you. I 
got a whole page of matter, but I did not exactly 
like it, and so laid it aside, thinking to indite 
another that would suit me lie tier. The fact was, 
I got into thicker mud than l could well get out 
of. Being in sight of a venerable old college, the 
literary atmosphere affected my brain in a sort 
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