limes literally depleted and irritated to death by 
their blood sticking. 
I have specially and strenuously urged the 
point of bringing sheep into the winter in good 
condition, because it admits of no doubt that 
this, far more than any other one item of man¬ 
agement, constitutes the sheet anchor of all suc¬ 
cessful sheep farming. 
There is a point of importance which I have 
overlooked in the preceding statements. A flock 
of ewes which are in inferior condition, and es¬ 
pecially if they are at the time riming down, will 
not take the ram as readily as a fleshy, thriving 
flock. It will take six or seven weeks to get the 
bulk of them served, and then a number of them 
will “ miss,” especially if the weather is very 
cold. A high-conditioned flock is often served 
in about thirty days. The saving of time and 
trouble at lambing, and the superior evenness 
and value of a flock of lambs which is obtained 
by having them all yeaned within a few days of 
each other, is well knowu to all sheep farmers. 
Many flock-masters give their ewes extra feed 
during the coupling season, to promote this 
object A little sharp exercise, like an occar 
sional run across a field, is thought by many to 
excite ewes to heat—but I have never tried the 
experiment 
Dividing Flocks for Winter.— In latitudes 
where sheep are fed dry feed, and are kept con¬ 
fined to stables and small yards in winter, even 
Merinos will not bear herding together in large 
numbers. They should be divided into separate 
lots before, and preparatory to, going into winter 
quarters. It is better that, these lots be made as 
small as convenience permits, and not exceed 
100 each. The sheep in each should be as nearly 
uniform in size and strength as practicable, or 
otherwise the stronger will rob the weaker, both 
at the rack and trough, and will jostle them 
about whenever they come in contact. Breed 
ing ewes, wethers and weaned lambs, should 
always be kept in separate parcels from each 
other, in well regulated flocks. 
Sheep which are old and feeble, late bom 
lambs, etc., had better be sold at any price, or 
given to a poor neighbor who has time to nurse 
and take care of them. But if kept by the 
flock-master, they should be put by themselves 
in a particularly sheltered and comfortable 
place, where they can receive extra feed and 
attention. This is usually called u the hospital.” 
English sheep should he divided into still 
smaller parcels, and with the same regard to 
age, condition and sex. 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES. 
ABOUT WESTERN PAIRS. 
Mr plans for attending the Fairs and visiting 
the farmers during the months of September 
uud October, were suddenly overthrown by 
summons hither, (to Pulaski, Now York,) to 
bury my only boy, who went from his mother's 
embrace, happy and well, and. In less than an 
hour, was returned to her, do ad—dead, 
I should hardly write to-day—for I have 
scarcely strength to do it—but that 1 know that 
the great IIcral public will hardly accept pri¬ 
vate griefs as an excuse for neglecting a public 
duty. 
TUB IOWA PAIR 
Took place at Dubuquo about the middle of 
•September. In all that should be combined to 
make a Fair a success, it was a failure. The 
exhibition was not there. There was some ex¬ 
cellent stock exhibited, but in numbers entirely 
disproportionate to the pretensions of the State 
Society of the tine State of Iowa. The trotting 
feature was the most attractive one, and “drew” 
the beat. 
tiie Michigan state fair. 
This Fair was held at Kalamazoo. It was a 
great success, financially. 1 am indebted to 
O. B. Galusha, Esq., of Lisbon, Ill., for the fol¬ 
lowing notes concerning its character: 
“On Wednesday, at 2 P. M., the following 
entrees had been made in the different depart¬ 
ments:—Farm Implements, 200; Sheep, Swine, 
and Poultry, 200; Cattle, 155; Fine Arts and 
Needle Work, 155; Flowers, Fruit, Ac., 251 
Grain, Flour, Meal, Seeds. Ac., 13; Dairy Pro 
ducts and Household Manufactures, 76; Horses, 
241.” 
On Tuesday morning of the Fair Mr. G. wrote 
me as follows: 
Friend Dragoon:— I promised to report to 
you some of the general features of the Fair, and 
should have written yesterday but for the fact 
that the Fair had no features to report until after 
the dosing of the mail. The ground is beautiful 
—the best track, 1 suppose, on the Continent- 
one mile long, and buildiDgs ample for the 
display. 
Floral and Fine Art Hall is about 50 by 100 
feel, with a wing 50 by 20. The fruit is shown in 
& tent about 50 feet in diameter. The imple¬ 
ments have [an open shed, as usual —and the 
smaller and liner mechanical products have a 
cheap hall devoted to them. The amphitheater 
is the largest I ever saw, though roughly and 
cheaply made. 
Up to yesterday M. everything was in a 
chaotic state. I never knew a Fair at which so 
much tardiness was manifest in the preparations. 
The stalls (of which there arc more than we 
usually have.) were ready, of course, as the 
ground is the same that was used for the •• WorldPs 
Horse Fair” ! but nothing else was ready. Floral 
Hall is finely decorated with wreaths and mot¬ 
toes of evergreen, but the trees from which the 
boughs were stripped lie piled up around the 
hall, completely blocking the passage between it 
and the Fruit tent. I send you the number of 
entries as I took them from the books at 2 P. M. 
of yesterday. You cannot judge, however, of the 
display in the fruit and flower departments by 
tliis list. There is not more than one-fourth the 
amount that was exhibited at our late Horticul¬ 
tural Fair at Rockford, and the flowers and plants 
were the poorest specimens I ever saw exhibited 
at any Fair. Any one of your City gardeners 
would have made a thousand apologies for the 
appearance of such plants iu his green-house. 
A few, however, were fine plants —say a half 
dozen—each of Begoinas and furchias. The 
finest exhibition in this department of home pro 
ductioDS is a basket of fruit This standing near 
the center of Floral Hall presents a fine appear¬ 
ance. There is more real taste displayed in the 
arrangement of this basket than in anything else 
in the Hall. 
The display of Implements und in the Meehan 
ical Department is creditable, though not large 
In Fine Arts there is very little, except such as 
is imported and exhibited for sale. One full 
length portrait of the Empress Eugenie, painted 
in Paris, is a fine thing—as also one by Stanley 
(formerly of Detroit, now of Washington,) of the 
Inventing of the Conspiracy, is a most beautifu 
production. There is also one small Church 
organ, made in this State, which may have claims 
to superior merit, though I could not detect them 
in the tones which I heard. 
Of course the Horses were fine and abundant 
—since as I said this ground has the best track in 
America, (so said,) and the fastest trotting has 
been done upon it ever done in the world. The 
display of Cattle is truly very fine. I never saw 
a better one in Durhams and Devons. One Dur¬ 
ham bull weighs 2,600 lbs., (too large.) The 
exhibition of sheep is good. Swine meager. 
Poultry almost nothing. Grain and Vegetables, 
ditto. 
THE ILLTNOrS STATE FAIR. 
This Fair commenced at Decatur the 28th of 
September. The arrangements on the grounds 
were the most, complete ever made for the Socie¬ 
ty. The grounds consist of forly acres, located 
immediately adjoining the Great Western R. R. 
one mile from Decatur. They are watered by 
living springs, shaded by beautiful groves, and, 
naturally, are the finest and best adapted to the 
purposes of such an exhibition of any that I have 
ever visited. 
There was a most excellent exhibition of Stock 
of all kinds. The best herds of Short-Horns in 
the West were represented. There were present 
the finest and fastest Horses in the State—per¬ 
haps in the West. The exhibition of Sheep was 
excellent, but not as large as at some ot the pre¬ 
vious Fairs. At Jacksonville there was a larger 
gathering of Swine, but at Decatur there were as 
fine animals as need he desired. The Horticul 
tural exhibition was excellent, though not large 
when 1 left. But neither its magnitude nor 
excellence bad fully developed when I was 
called away. There was a largo exhibition of 
farm implements—especially of corn planters, 
corn cultivators, plows, Ac. The trial of this 
class of implements the previous week had been 
an interesting one, and had attracted a good deal 
of attention. Of this trial T shall say something. 
Mechanics Hall was meagorly filled. Fine Art 
nail was equally innocent of anything fine in 
the way of Art. The Hall for Domestic Manu¬ 
factures contained some excellent samples of 
skill, but was not so completely filled as usual. 
But little Poultry, if any, was exhibited, i saw 
none. But the most humiliating picture on the 
grouuds, was the interior of Farm Product Hall. 
A fine ball, plenty of space, a waiting and faith¬ 
ful Superintendent, with a State nowhere sur¬ 
passed in the number and variety of its products, 
and yot there was not half the exhibition that 
any single, thorough-going farmer could make 
from his own farm. It is a shameful truth, what¬ 
ever tbo cause. And it is exceedingly proper 
the truth should be told the farmers of the 
Sucker State. I cannot think that there is any 
excuse for it, if we ure to go through this farce— 
for it has become one —of holding Fairs at all. 
And when I suy ‘’farce,” I do not mean to reflect 
upon the management of the Fair; but 1 refer to 
the apparent fact that the spirit which has hith¬ 
erto made these State und County Fairs success¬ 
ful, attractive and profitable is rapidly dying out. 
These Fairs have lost their novelty. They do 
not furnish excitement enough. But this is a 
subject 1 do not choose to discuss here. J am 
not informed how the Fair resulted financially. 
[ An account of the Implement Trial held the 
week previous to the Ill. State Fair, is in type 
but necessarily deferred. — Ed.] 
of tobacco for the last year or two, these losses 
will be very great There are certain persons, 
however, who will be glad at these tearful rav¬ 
ages upon the crops of the planter. Who are 
they? They are those who have a great deal of 
tobacco on hand, that they have bought up for 
speculation. Thousands of hogsheads of it are 
perhaps awaiting shipment or lying in the ware¬ 
houses of New York unsold. To these men the 
for stock use, say in the bam cellars, it is well to 
use a dust ot lime. We saw a good example of 
this practice in the barn cellars of the famous old 
agriculturist, James Gowan, of Germantown 
near Philadelphia, last falL Mr. Gowan feeds 
largely of roots to his stock in winter; bis ample 
stone-walled cellars were heaped with potatoes 
and other roots, all in the nicest order. Before 
pulling in the stock of roots for winter, Mr. G 
frost and the bail have been most welcome mee- has the walls and paved floors nicely cleaned and 
sengers. Such men will make thousands by the | sprinkled with lime dust, aud as the potatoes are 
wheeled in, other dustings are administered, by 
which all foul vapors are avoided and the place 
is free from the noisome atmosphere usually 
encountered where vegetables are stored in aDy 
quantity. 
Shelter for Sheep, 
We have heard farmers contend, says the 
Wisconsin Farmer, that the only shelter needed 
by sheep, was a stone fence, a hill, or piece ol 
woods, to keep the winds otf; and one of this 
class (we take it) learned better from the follow 
ing incident, which lie relates in Field Notes: 
‘•Last winter I fed about eighty ewes in my 
meadow, as above stated. [Helping themselves 
to hay from stacks, or to “old fog” on the 
meadow, with a little grain daily.] 1 had in an 
adjoining field an old house. 1 made the way 
open to the meadow. I did not force the sheep 
into the house, hut left them to be their own 
judges about going in. It would have done you 
good to see them marching out in the morning to 
their feed, in single file, and back in the evening 
to shelter from the chilling blasts of a cold win¬ 
ter night; and if the day was extremely cold 
they took up their line of march twice a day 
back and forth, i think they did not lay out in 
the open air to exceed half a dozen nights during 
the whole winter, and those nights were moder¬ 
ately warm. I was so well pleased with this 
arrangement in the spring, that ] immediately 
put two shelters out in the meadow—frame thlr 
ty-two feet by fourteen; posts four feet high 
weather-boarded and roofed—to beusedat pleas¬ 
ure by the sheep. The other I built in one cor¬ 
ner of a field, by setting up three rows of posts 
iu the ground, the highest in the middle, and 
roofed both ways, and open on the east side, to 
bo used by my ewes and young lambs of nights 
and stormy days.” 
misfortunes of the tobacco growers. I think 
however, after all, there will be quite a large 
crop, as such a vast amount of it was planted. 
A great deal of the frost-bitten tobacco will be 
put up and sold as inferior tobacco, and where it 
is not killed entirely will bring, according to last 
year’s prices, what would have been, some years 
ago, a pretty fair price for a good article. In 
some localities a great part of the crop was 
killed where it was not cut; in other places only 
the few upper leaves were bitten, and in others 
still it was uninjured. I conversed with one 
gentleman who saved twenty acres in one day 
by cutting it and setting it up in bunches under 
the trees, scattered through the field. 
The cotton crop through here is, us I predicted 
a failure. In some seasons we oould raise t 
passable crop, but as a general rule I think it is 
nonsense to attempt making cotton raising a busi¬ 
ness in this locality. It may do for plantations 
to plant some for home use while the prices are 
so high, but. further iban that it cannot possibly 
pay anything compared with tobacco. The 
amount of tobacco produced in this district 
that is the 1st Congressional Dlstrict^was, in 
1861, 21,403,270 pounds; in the 2d district, 28,935,- 
595 poundB. u. 
Princeton, Ky., Sept., 1863. 
HEDGE FENCE. 
Ens. Rural New-Yorker:— It seems that 
M. C. K., of Cayuga Co., lives in a very cold cli¬ 
mate if the winter tLere is so severe as to kill 
Osage Orange hedges. Here, in Erie Co., N. 1 
we have no difficulty in raising either Osage 
Orange or Hawthorne hedges. I have some two 
hundred rods of Osage Orange Ledge, from four 
to six years old, that now forms a strong, beauti¬ 
ful, and, as I believe, a durable fence, I have 
never had an Osage Orange tree die from any 
cause except on a spot of wet ground where the 
trees were thrown out by the frost the first win¬ 
ter after setting, and on that spot 1 cut a ditch, 
re-set the trees and they have since grown well 
I must say many have failed to make hedges, 
even in this favored locality, but the failure has 
been with the men and not with the plants used. 
They have failed because they neglected to keep 
the ground cultivated on which the plants were 
set, and in not properly trimming the hedge at 
the right time. j. s. 
Angola, Erie Co., N. T., 1863. 
iguval spirit of tUc 
Putting up Potatoes 
The last number of the Ohio Farmer con¬ 
tains the following timely article on this subject: 
This is the season of the year for digging and 
storing potatoes, and the importance of this 
staple product will justify more care than is 
ususally bestowed upon its preservation, as an 
article of food in the family. Potatoes should be 
taken from the ground only in fair weather, and 
not left exposed to the sun and wind longer than 
is necessary. In handling, care should lie taken 
not to bruise the surface or break the skin. It Is 
common error that a potato will stand all 
manner of ill usuago and be none the worse for 
it. 
THE TOBACCO CROP OF KENTUCKY. 
Ens. Rural New-Yorker:—A s I pass along 
the streets, meeting acquaintances as they come 
into town from the country, the first question that 
arises in my mind is au inquiry in regard to 
their losses in tobacco by the frost. So strange 
that we should talk of the evil effects of an Au¬ 
gust frost, yet it is true. 1 noticed, not long ago, 
that one of the New York papers was rather 
disposed to make light of the reports of the Au¬ 
gust treats; but I can tell you than although in 
some instances they might have been slightly 
exaggerated, the effects of those frosts have been 
quite serious. Tobacco on many plantations 
was badly injured; and fields that were injured 
then have been mined by the frosts during the 
month of September. The “ oldest inhabitant” 
cannot remember of such a frost in August, aud 
early September frosts, like those of this year, 
have been few and very far between in years 
gone by. 
Along iu close proximity to the Cumberland 
River the frost was not so injurious on account 
of the fog. but a little back, and through large 
sections of the counties of Lyon, Crittenden and 
Caldwell, the crop was badly bitten, and on 
many plantations nearly all destroyed. On 
some as high as seventy acres were nearly all 
destroyed, even so badly that they will not cut 
it at all. In some parts the hail destroyed a 
great deal of tobacco. I saw a gentleman 
recently from Trigg Co., who bad about fifty 
acres of fine tobacco, and most of it was ruined 
with the hail. It was directly after the hail 
storm that we had the cold nights. To some 
planters, taking into consideration the high price 
Orchardists know that if an apple is bruised 
iu the gathering, it is not fit for winter keeping; 
in like manner farmers should know that for 
table use the potato needs the same careful 
handling, to ensure the best results. A potato 
that is bruised or chafed, or is subjected to a 
water bath after leaving the ground, is materially 
injured for winter keeping; a potato of the finer 
varieties, such ns Nesbannock, Peacbblow. Kid¬ 
ney, Mercer. Lady’s finger, etc., when grown 
upon suitable soil, properly harvested and cooked 
right, is a positive delicacy upon the table; but 
take the same lot, let them he roughly handled, 
chafed, immersed in water, and laid by in that 
ruined and undone condition for a few weeks, 
and then cooked, even tolerably well, and they 
are not a very inviting dish. When the potato 
crop of Ireland failed, lhat people were con¬ 
fronted with starvation. Little do we Americans 
realize how much suffering of the poor, and posi¬ 
tive inconvenience to the rich, would be caused 
by a failure of the potato crop in this country. 
The potato is both bread and meat in many 
households, and deserves all the consideration of 
a prime staple, as well as a luxury, in human 
food. 
Potatoes for table use, should not he stored at 
all in a wet cellar. In such a place their starch 
is hydrogenized, thereby spoiling their finest 
quality for food; they become soggy, and will 
never cook dry or mealy. For the same reason, 
where potatoes are to be stored in heaps out of 
doors and covered with earth, avoid placing them 
on any other than land which is naturally dry 
and where water will not stand. On sandy land 
potatoes will keep very well in heaps, if properly 
covered from the winter rains and secured from 
frost. Cellar storage is most common among 
farmers, and most convenient Or household pur¬ 
poses: but the cellar should be dry. If (he pota¬ 
toes are free from disease, they may be stored in 
close bins with the tops covered with dry sand 
or loam, which will ensure perfect preservation. 
otatoes which are tainted with rot must have 
their sore spots dried up by exposure to the dry 
atmosphere and a dust of slaked lime. Such 
potatoes are not fit for human food, and should 
only be used under protest in case of dire neees- 
ity. 
In the storage of large quantities of potatoes 
Horse Stable Floors. 
Ox this subject tbe Ohio Farmer says: — As 
the winter approaches, the prudent horsesman 
will look to tbe condition of bis stables, that, they 
may be In order to receive his stock when they 
can no longer be left to range upon the fields, 
where a good, firm and dry footing can he 
secured, it is better to have an earth floor than 
w stand the horse on planks. We were partic 
ularly pleased with the stables of the Ladd broth¬ 
ers, of Jefferson County, during our visit to that 
place. The brothers I'pdegralf also have their 
stable bottoms of earth, which on their limestone 
hillsides is firm and dry. Wm. H. Ladd has a 
nice, smooth bottom both to his horse stables 
and sheep yard, made from quarry waste, packed 
like a McAdainized road, and so cemented with 
its own dust as to defy water or horse shoes from 
penetrating it. 
With an earth floor, horses need less bedding 
thuii if compelled to stand upon planks. Speak¬ 
ing of bedding, reminds us of the fact that in 
this season of scarcity of fodder it will be well 
to look out for bedding other than'straw, which 
can be used for fodder. For this purpose the best 
material is sawdust, aud now before the heavy 
f all rains set in is the time to lay in a lot for win¬ 
ter's use. 
For Muscular Pain in Horses. 
The Datura Stramonium , or thorn apple 
plant, is a very excellent remedy, as an external 
application, for the treatment of muscular pain, 
ligamentary lameness, sprain of the fetlock, Ac. 
It is a remedy of great efficacy in ebaronic pains 
and inflammatory tumors. Four oz. of the plant, 
to one pint of boiling water, are the proportions. 
When cool, the parts are to be bathed often; 
when practicable, a flannel is to be saturated with 
the fluid, and bound on the affected parts, the 
whole to be covered with oiled silk. 
The above is from an exchange. Medical 
works state that, stramonium a 3 an outward ap 
plication allays pain. It is used to make a salve 
by macerating it in hot lard, then straining in 
1 1 is applied to burns, scalds, aud is used for piles 
and bruises. The thorn apple is a deadly poison. 
—Scientific American. 
Rural Notes atilt Items. 
The Practical Shepherd. —A subscriber in Oakland 
Co., Mlcb .addresses n* In this friendly and urgent stile: 
— “Haring seen the Rural’S announcement of ‘The 
Practical Shephrrd,' which you are «oon to publish, and 
thereby, as you say, about to ' supply a long-sought desid¬ 
eratum,’ I take this means of expressing the great pleasure 
tbe perusal of that notice gave me, as well as to make a 
tew inquiries as to the means of its circulation. Surely 
the Shepherd is to be just the thing the great and growing 
Sheep Inte-est of the Nation has long demanded; aud the 
longer we waited the greater became our need, until just 
when we could (seemingly) wait no longer, thanks to 
Rural enterprise tbe boon is to b- onrs. And now is 
there to he no other possible means of procuring the same, 
except through tbe slow routine of subscription T And 
if so, what ar« we unfortunates to do to whom no can¬ 
vasser presents himself t If single copies can by any pos¬ 
sibility he procured in nr.y other way, will you inform of 
the same through the Rt kal, (if you please,) and oblige 
many thousand desiring ones Yours, waiting anxiously.” 
— We answer the above, and many similar interrogato¬ 
ries of recent date, for the benefit of all interested—es¬ 
pecially such as are to situated they can not “ wait for the 
wagon " of an agent, and those located where that vehicle 
may not travel. We shall soon he prepared to furnish the 
work by mail, post paid, at the usual retail price. Any of 
our readers, therefore, who desire the work before it can 
he obtained of agents, or who reside in neighborhoods or 
regions not likely to be reached by canvassers, have only 
to remit to us direct, in accordance with advertisement in 
this paper. 
The Iroquois Ac. Society— An Indian Fair .—Under 
date of Oct. 3, Mr. L». R. Barker, of Cattaraugus Co., N. 
V , gives us an interesting account of tbe recent Fair of 
the rroijuois (Indian) Ag. Society. He writes:—“To day 
closes its fourth annual exhibition. The weather is all 
that can be asked—a bright sunshine, hut not any too 
warm for comfort. During the eq ue»triani*m of the 
ladies those upon the stand could see nearly 6,000 people. 
The receipts at the Office for tickets to day i« over |459. 
Children are allowed to enter free. No white man Is al¬ 
lowed to compete for the premiums, therefore the whole 
is entirely ‘Indian.’ The display of horse* and cattle is 
far aheatl of many Town Fairs which I have attended, and 
will equal some of the County Fair*. The grain, fruit, 
vegetable*, preserved fruit, (over 100 entries,) bread, pas¬ 
try, butter and cheese, all neatly presented nnd properly 
named, were decided by white men and women, who acted 
asjudges, to be equal to anything ever shown; while vis¬ 
itor* said ‘it was ahead of any Fair they had attended this 
year.’ The needle work is splendid. (That word tells it 
sldi The ladies' equestrianism is pronounced by judges 
at other Fair*, who were present, ‘to he superior to all.’ 
The ‘ Indian ball play' Is a feature of their own, and soon 
interests and excite* the spectators as much a* the players. 
Their fast hor»e» are not my fast, as their best time was 
3 minutes 0 seconds Everything was as harmonious as 
the‘marriage feast’—not ajar or row, except by one 
drunken white man who insisted that the Indian ‘had no 
rights which a white man was bound to respect,’ but he 
was at once ejected from the grounds, and peace pre¬ 
vailed. The Iroquois Fair leads the van in 1863 for not 
taking a retrograde step.” 
Cashmere Goats.— A ,l Western Reader” wishes to 
know what we think of Cashmere goats, where the genu¬ 
ine can be obtained, etc. We know hut little of the ani¬ 
mal, save what we have read. No doubt those now breed¬ 
ing and selling Cashmeres make the business profitable, 
but we question whether much money is to he made in 
growing their fleeces, for the simple reason that a market 
is wanted for the article. We should prefer to grow 
sheep’s wool for profit of clip. Breeding nnd selling 
Cashmeres may pay well for some time, however -and it 
»t ay not. It smacks a tritle of the fancy poultry mania 
which raged so violently a few years ago, and it is well to 
be cautious in all new enterprises. We suppose S. 8. 
Williams, of Granville, Ohio, has genuine Cashmeres; if 
not, he can advise our correspondent where they can be 
obtained. 
Choice Pears.— A few days ago an Eastern gentleman, 
who had recently visited the pear orchards of Eli.wa.vger 
& Barry of the Mt. Hope Nurseries, and T. G. Yeomans 
of Walworth, Wayne county, gave us a glowing descrip¬ 
tion of what ho had discovered in the way of pears and 
pear culture in tills highly-favored fruit growing region 
He was surprised aud delighted. Aud we do not wonder 
—for, though already advised as to the adaptation of our 
soil and climate to pear-growing, aud the success of both 
amateur and profcsional cultivators, we have ju»t received 
from Ellwaxcku fie Barry, specimens of several varie¬ 
ties of pears of such size aud quality as to exalt our pre¬ 
conceived opinion on the subject of pear culture in this 
section. Thanks to E. & B.—and long may they, and all 
other good cultivators and disseminators of choice fruit, 
wave successfully. 
Tbe 
Future of Horses.— The draft upon 
the serviceable horses of the country has been 
so great, that the horse interest is bound to go up; 
and among the best investments of live stock 
now to be made will be the purchase of likely 
colts for raising to maturity—the next to this 
the breeding of good horse stock for the future 
supply- Now that the practice of Government 
has cleared the country of low-priced animals, 
let us turn over a new leaf in our style of horse- 
breeding. and go in for something that will de 
good service and command good prices.— Ohio 
Farmer. 
Religion a Refining Influence. — It ba3 
been said that true religion will make a man a 
more thorough gentleman than all the courts 
in Europe. And it is true; you may see sim¬ 
ply laboring men as thorough gentlemen as any 
dnke, simply because they have learned to fear 
God; and fearing Him, to restrain themselves, 
which is the very root and essence of all good 
breeding. And such a man was Abraham of old 
—a plain man, dwelling in tents, helping to tend 
his own cattle, fetching in the calf from the field 
himsell. and dressing it for the guests with his 
own Laud; but still, us tbe children of Heth said 
of him. a mighty prince, not merely in wealth of 
flocks and herds, but a prince at heart.—Leu. 
Okas. Kingsley. 
Eastman’s State and National Bcaianaa College. 
—We need hardly direct attention to tire announcement 
of the President of this popular Institution, on our fifth 
page. It will attract the notice of Young Men and others 
interested in the subject of theoretical and practical edu¬ 
cation for business. As we have said aforetime, Mr 
Eastman is stilt a young man, but, with “ Excelsior” as 
his motto, and possessing peculiar talent, tact aud energy, 
has achieved retnarlcable success, and established the most 
popular institution of its class in the country. His aim is 
to carry out the idea of the Spartan King—“ Teach jour 
boys that which they will practice when they become 
men,”—aud if all our institutions of learning would re¬ 
gard the same wise maxim, Education would soon mean 
and be something useful and reliable for life. 
Tu k Brockport Union Fair —The annual exhibition 
of the Brock port Union Ag. Society )this County,) was 
held oh the Ttb inst. It was a success, the exhibition in 
some respects excelling that of any previous season The 
Republic says the show of cattle aud horses was better 
than last year—and that “the display Of sheep was prob¬ 
ably the best ever made iu the County, and Tery far 
superior to that of the State Fair the present season.” 
The Board of Supervisors attended the Fair by invita¬ 
tion, and the Mayor of Rochester, and several other 
notables were present. 
Co verb, Spices, &e.—Messrs, Van Zaxdt & Fenner 
have favored us with samples of cofi'ee, spices, baking 
powder, etc , as prepared at their Steam Coffee aud Spice 
Mills, 76 Main street, this city. The articles are very neat¬ 
ly put up, and their quality pronounced superior by inem. 
hers of our “kitchen cabinet 1- who are competent to 
decide. 
Correction.— The name of the President of the Man¬ 
lius and Pompey Ag. Society is Ekmond O. Clapp, and 
not Edward O , as erroneously printed in the account of 
the Society’s Fair in our last issue. The error was one of 
of those “ mistakes of the printer ’’ which are occasionally 
unavoidable. 
Grease Heel on Horses.— If some of the Rural’s 
readers will give a remedy for this complaint, it will be 
thankfully received.—J, O. Van Gilder, Morgantown’ 
Western Virginia, 1863. 
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