b, 
l 
lords. Torter. 4 Hill, page 140, (he court pay, 
in the phrases in the constitution, “law of the 
'-••nd,” and “due process of law," import a suit, 
«. trial and judgment according to the course of 
’'\Q common law, or in the established and usual 
mode of contesting individual rights, In the 
ease of Wynebamkk vs. The People, 3 Ker- 
nan’s report of the Court of Appeals, page 392-3, 
Comstock, Justice, says, “To say, as has been 
suggested, that ‘the law of the land/ or ‘due 
process of law,' may mean the very act of legis¬ 
lation, which deprives a citizen of bis lights, 
privileges or property, leads to a simple absurd¬ 
ity. The Constitution would then mean, that no 
person shall be deprived of his property or 
rights, unless the Legislature shall pass a law to 
effectuate the wrong, and this would be tbrow- 
Tbe true tuean- 
carrying a bushel of grain to Buffalo, and then to their 
add twenty to twenty-fire more to get It to New another. 
York. Some of our New York folks will say j N COi 
that is hitting them, and they will say. “ wonder article r 
if all those Western farmers did not go from t he jn Se 
East?” I will answer, yes; but I don’t believe apt to rc 
if we did, we should feed them with the large have be 
silver spoon to keep them in good nature, which i« to low 
we have done for the past in paying such tolls to page wa 
get our produce to the seaboard. I suppose they theatre! 
think the Erie Canal is a « big thing/ 1 ar.d so it cording 
was in its day. Every dag has its turn. amt an _ 
durable, but does not look bo neat as blue or 
green. To one pint of any paint there should 
be added one gill of Japan drier, or liquid 
laqner. It is equally essential to preserve tools 
ol iron and steel from rusting; and this can be 
effectually done by applying a coat of three 
parts of lard to one of resin. Apply with a cloth 
or brush a good coat whenever a fool is set away 
tor a while. The preparations can be made in 
any quantity, and kept for a long time,” 
»DJ thing in the Rural, this year, about the Wool Mar¬ 
ket Our friend said we had alwaja prophesied right 
-aau nit me nail right on the 
head ’’ever* time, and saved the farmers a van amount 
thereby. He was surprised we had given no opinion the 
preseot season — that in a recent conversation with a 
Western agricultural editor on the subject (while travel¬ 
ing. ) said edi tor affirmed th at "th eJtCRAL must have been 
bought up by .tie speculators,'- dec. ~We soon settled the 
disturbed mind «.f our friend by referring him to an arti¬ 
cle in one of the June numbers of the Rural, on reading 
which he acknowledged being too fast For the benefit 
_ oevere irost nas ruined late corn 
entirely, and it will, therefore, be some advan¬ 
tage to learn how its place may be supplied to 
some extent in fattening hogs and cattle for this 
winter’s market. The Chicago Tribune says 
that sorghum has suffered but little by the frost, 
and adds:—Our readers will recollect that at the 
general Sorghum Convention held in liockford 
last. December, the fact was certainly established, 
bv the concurrent testimony of several Intelli¬ 
gent and well-known sorghum cultivators, .that 
for hog and cattle rattening purposes, there was 
nothing like the juice of the sugar cape. It was 
there assumed, and the assumption vindicated 
by concurrent, testimony, that two gallons of 
cane juice were fully equal, in fattening propeu- 
iag the restraint entirely away, 
ing of these Constitutional phrases is that where 
rights are acquired by the citizen under the ex¬ 
isting law. there is no power in any branch of 
the Government to take them away; but where 
they are held contrary to the existing law, or are 
forfeited by its violation, then they may be taken 
from hirn not by an act of the Legislature, but 
in the due administration of the law itself before 
the judicial tribunals of the State. The cause or 
occasion for depriving the citizen of his supposed 
rights, must bo found in the law as it is, or, at 
least, it cannot be created by a legislative act 
which aims at their destruction. Where rights 
of property are admitted to exist, the Legisla¬ 
ture cannot say they shall exist no longer, nor 
will it make ftny difference, although a process 
and a tribunal are appointed to execute the sen¬ 
tence. If this is ‘the law of the land/ and 
‘due process of law,’ within the meaning of the 
Constitution, then the Legislature is omnipotent. 
It may, under the same interpretation, pass a 
law to take away liberty or life without a pre¬ 
existing Cause, appointing judicial and executive 
agencies to execute its will. Property is placed, 
by the Constitution in the same category with 
liberty and life.” 
A SurPOKTKR OF THE CONSTITUTION. 
Hamburgh, Eric Co , N. Y., 1863. 
special relief of our Western contemporary, we re publish 
‘I 01, M, ' Rh *-T —‘There is but hole activity in the 
. r r V l htrr or elsewhere. But, tin ic ha* been done 
-7 "'“locality, aiu1 'he range of prices mav tie stated at 
•jo to 60 cents. The general impi 
is, that wool must advance, and 
Mtion to bold on for better figui 
ression amonir producers 
tfieje is a strong dispo- 
, . , , ,.-Heavy dealers who 
"»v «oelc» on hand, both Ka-t and W P ,t, seem f om 
Uieir action, to be ol a similar opinion. Like Micawbbr 
they ar.- apparently " waiting for something to turn up” 
in ihctr favor. Should Vicksburg tail, and other Union 
victories follow, It i» plausibly argued that wool would 
rad. or bring If** than otherwise—act irpelligeirt wool 
growers wb" are patriotic anil able'to hold their wool. 
Will hardly be influenced by the prophesies of agents and 
speculator* at the present season and juncture As an 
• Atli&ugejustly i3)s-*‘It out armies arc successful_as 
the* ought to be—the wool growers, who arc patriotic 
men. nit) thank heaven for the Union victories, and run 
tbe risk# of the market " . 
, -r* ■ — Wfiu iirc 
mon. will thunk hwen for the Union victories,_ 
the risks of the market;—if success i- still | n the distance, 
iliey m not. willing to hear the double misfortune of rebel 
Victories and speculator.fleecing. 1 ' In tbe present con¬ 
tused state of tnr market «e hardly know what to advise 
V °f r onprntv.n 0 that those who tan afford Ut hold their 
waul will not, he Mi torn by/ go doing -unless they eau ob¬ 
tain from hlj to To cents. Prices may recede, yet we think 
an advance more. probable. 
That was the Kcral’8 opinion in June last. It don’t 
strike us as being very much on the side of speculators, 
and we reckon that class didn’t pay a “heap "—not 
enough to bind the bargain-when they made the pur¬ 
chase averred 1 Indeed, And on the contrary, the para¬ 
graph reads as though the wicked editor had been pur¬ 
chased by the wool-growers themselves!—for the talk is 
decidedly in their favor, and about as near the truth as 
any one bud arrived at thu time. And we reckon the ad- 
rice to producers to bold their wool was sound —for it has 
proved, like our prophesies on the subject in preceding 
year*, correct, One thing more. When the Rural is 
“bought up by ('peculators” against the rights and in¬ 
terests of producers, the establishment, will be sold entire¬ 
ly, and no longer under the control of its original and 
present manager and proprietor. 
no reason to doubt that in a very few years Chi- 
netie sugar cane and Indian corn will be pro¬ 
duced in about equal quantities in tbe West— 
the former for sugar and syrup making and hog 
and cattle feeding, and the latter for man’s con¬ 
sumption. 
Butter Making. 
One of the best dairy farmers in Massachu¬ 
setts has the following rulep, the observance of 
which, be says, can only insure the making of 
good butter: 
1st. Keep tbe very best description of cows for 
your dairy stock. 
2d. Feed them on the best pastures and hay. 
(when confined to the cattle barns) using no 
roots iu feeding, with the exception of carrotp. as 
all others impart a disagreeable taste to their 
milk and butter. 
3d. Observe the strictest cleanliness in the 
dairy rooms, and in respect to the dishes and 
machinery of creaming and churning the milk 
Profitable Bee-Keeping, 
I have just read the statements of M. M. 
Baldrigk. of St. Charles, Ill., of the profits of 
bee-keeping of John Loomis, of Pecatonica. 
As my experience is somewhat similar, T will 
state it, ] also commenced one year ago last 
spring with two swarms; from them I obtained 
five new swarms, and from the whole seven 
swarms, seventeen ten pound boxes of honey. 
Last spring J sold three swarms for $15, and 
have now ten swarms, old and new, and have 
taken forty pounds of honey, with a prospect of 
as much more before the close of the season. 
Recapitulation: 
ONTARIO COUNTY FAIR-THE STOCK. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker :—Though late, I 
give you some brief notes on our Fair held at 
Canandaigua, Sept. 30th, Oct. let and 2d. The 
weather was all that could be desired, and not¬ 
withstanding the distractions of war our show 
proved a grand success, both financially and in 
tbe articles exhibited. 
We entered upon the first day with the new 
regulation that the cattle and sheep need not re¬ 
main upon the show grounds the second and 
third days of the Fair. This increased our num¬ 
bers, I think, both in men and stock. The 6bow 
of Cattle was fine, as good in numbers and excel¬ 
lence at least as in any former year. The Dnr- 
hams shown by Messrs. James B. and John G, 
Taylor we think hard to beat. They carried 
away most of the prizes in that class. 
But tbe great, attraction of the day wap the 
Sheep, of which more than two hundred were on 
exhibition, showing that this department of hus¬ 
bandry is receiving greatly increased attention. 
While there Was a fair show of cross-breeds, mid¬ 
dle and long-wool breeds, the show of Spanish 
Merinos far excelled anything wo ever had be¬ 
fore, both in quality and number. The prize 
buck exhibited by the Ray Brothers, of Rich¬ 
mond, was in many respects a most superior 
animal and one that Richmond may well be 
proud of. The first prize breeding ewes exhib¬ 
ited by H. M. Board.mav, of Gorhatn, were bet¬ 
ter we think than our eyes ever before looked 
upon. We learned from him that they wore tired 
by a Mr. Arnold, of Steuben Co., of whom 1 
many interesting things are said respecting the < 
Two swarms at commencement 
Eleven new hives. 
Interest of capital at 10 per cent 
a uooti STKhBOTVi'K Establishment in Rochester. 
— for jears alter there was plenty of business to sustain 
it, Rochester lacked a good stereotype establishment. 
Several person* started at the business, but failed from in- 
fionpatency or other cause*, 
entered the arena, and, being 
hie stereotyper, t 
By 3 swarms sold. 
By 10 “ on hand . 
By 170 lbs. honey last year, at 15c... 
By 40 “ presci , at 15c 
Finally Mr. James Lennox 
a skillful, prompt and relia 
* succeeding admirably. Ho is an artist 
iu hi# line, nnd capable of doing properly anything In the 
way of stereotyping as well as it can be dime (n New York 
or elsewhere. The manner In which he has stereotyped 
“ The Practical Shepherd " (a work of 454 large duodeci¬ 
mo pages,) proves to us that Mr. L. is very capable, and 
we take pleasure io commending him and hU eatablUh- 
ment to all Interested—believing tliat he vriJI do work as 
well, promptly and cheaply a* any one in tbe large cities. 
This notice, we may a !■ >, is entirely voluntary on our part, 
without the solicitation or knowledge of Mr. Lennox. It 
is intended to benefit him and all parties id this reirion 
Profits for two y ears .......$ 72.60 
Hud I not sold the swarms last spring, the 
'ofits would have been greater, as each of the 
farms 1 sold have nod twice. 
Cortland, Ill,, 1803. S. W. Arnold. 
tity of cream rises, and consequently the greatest 
quantity of butter is made, when the milk Is one 
and u quarter inches in depth in hot weather, and 
an inch and a half in cold weather, seven or 
eight quart pans thus containing but two and a 
half quarts for the first named depth, and three 
quarts for the latter .—Boston Journal. 
Bad Breeds of Hogs. 
Reader, did you ever see a shoaL while root¬ 
ing, kick up every time he bored his nose into 
the ground, as if trying to stand on his head? 
If so, don’t buy him: he will not prove a profit¬ 
able feeder. We might cali this a sub-soil va¬ 
riety. 
Did you ever see a hog that would grab an ear 
of corn and run a quarter of a mile before he 
would stop to eat? Jfso, beware. We will 
category, and for the 
Food for Fattening Poultry.— The cheap¬ 
est aud most advantageous food to use for fat¬ 
tening every description of poultry is ground 
oats. These must not be confounded with oat¬ 
meal, or with ordinary ground oats. The whole 
of the grain is ground to a fine powder j nothing 
of any kind is taken from it. When properly 
ground, one bushel of the meal will more effect- 
ually fatten poultry than a bushel and a half of 
any other meal. The greatest point in fattening 
poultry is io feed at daybreak.— Ex. 
place such in the same 
sake ot distinction we will call them film peelers. 
Did you ever see a tall, slab-sided, long-legged, 
razor-backed breed, that were always hlXDgry, 
and when opportunity required, would climb up 
to where the rails in the fence were Eo me dis¬ 
tance apart, and then cither slip through a crack 
or throw off a few rails and jump over? If so, 
don’t purchase unless you are a small farmer and 
can't possibly build corn-cribs. We might, per¬ 
haps. call these frec-soilers.or else barn-burners. 
Did you ever see a slim, dead alive kind of 
thing, that would get so poor as to be obliged to 
trot before and canter behind when required to 
get up motion, and still not die; its eves both 
Ki n Durhams.—W ill some of the readers of the Rc- 
RAL inform mo tf there is such a I,teed of cattle as the 
red Durham, and if there is, what is the difference in 
their appearance from the Deton*?—J W. Mossman 
Mission Creek. Wabaunsee Co., Kansas. 
Ontario. 
Devon Cattle and Leicester Sheep.— rermit 
through the Rvral, to a-k for information iu re 
to the Devon Cattle—the dltlerence between the N 
and South Devon. Also, if they are a good kind of e 
for Northern Pa. If convenient would like to 
Something in relation to the Leicestershire Sheep 
Young Farmer, J trad ford, Pa. 
LETTER FROM ILLINOIS 
ABOUT CHOPS. SHEEP, FERTILISERS, &o. 
I-DS. Rural N kw-\ orker: —Not seeing any 
very reliable statements about Western crops 
and agricultural products in general, I take this 
opportunity of giving my opinion. First, our 
crops, such as wheat, oats, rye and barley, are of 
good quality. From what I can learn, wheat 
yields, on an average, twelve bushels per acre; 
in some localises it yields sixteen to eighteen’ 
and some even twenty bushels per acre; and 
some I have heard lay down to ten bushels per 
acre. I had eleven acres of white winter wheat 
ibat yielded thirly bushels per acre, and fifty- 
four acres of wheat (winter and spring) that 
produced ten to eighteen bushels. Oats very 
good quality. I understand by those who’ have 
run machines, that oats yield from thirty to fifty 
bushels per acre-say forty on the average I 
Harvested what grew on twenty-two acres and 
Crashed 1,500 bushels, by weight. Rye-l’raise 
lone. Barley-none. I understand they are 
JOth good crops. Hay, as for quality, never was 
letter. A good crop was secured, and it i« 
Flax-Dresswc JI.innxKKY- — Will you or some of 
your Correspondent 1 , give us some iu formation V Pirn, 
"bat kind ot machinery is best for dressing flax, aud 
rtlirre can u be obtained, and (tie probable coat ? Second, 
can tlx* from which the Reed has been trodijen he dressed 
tu be profitable for market p And any other information 
you can give upon the subject of flax There has been a 
large amount sown in the West —A. K. Miller, Craw- 
fords eille, lad. 
Tbe machine of Sanford & Mallory, New Y'ork, is 
probably the best for dressing Has now obtainable. See 
advertisement in late numbers of the Rcra l. Consult 
the Manual of Flax Culture and Manufacture for the other 
information desired. 
A Good Lithographer Wanted.— Rochester is a fine 
location for a good lithographer, and we are requested by 
business men to announce the fact. One firm assures us 
that they will alone guarantee $6,000 worth of work the 
first year, if a competent lithographer will establish the 
business here. We have no doubt such an establishment 
would do a flue and profitable business from the start,— 
and though not exactly iu the rural line, we make the 
call. There is no establishment of the kind here, nor has 
there been for many years. Who will “ fill the bill ’’ and 
secure a competency ? 
Onondaga and Ashton Salt — I wish to inquire thro’ 
the colutnus of the Rvbal what the difference is between 
the Onondaga sail and the Ashton imported Which is 
bo»t for salting butter f Gi ve analy sis of both if you can 
We have used Ashtr.n for ten years, but last fall 1 bought 
s small sack of ground salt put up at Onondaga on pur¬ 
pose for butler, and 1 like it wry much, and see no reason 
why it would not be as well to use our owu salt us to im 
port it, Unless there should be some lime about it which 
would Injure the butter.— Sylvester Lehman, Sharon 
Coder. 
The above inquiry has been mislaid. Hon. Geo Geo¬ 
des, of Onondaga, is requested to answer Meantime 
our correspondent, and others desiring similar informa¬ 
tion, will please refer to Transactions of the N. Y'. State 
Ag. Society for 1861, pages 137 to 141. 
Care of Farm Implements, 
George E. Blakeslee, of Lorain county, 
Me. Lorrillaed s Salk ok Shkep —at Fordham, N. Y., 
on the 7th instis said to have been well attended. The 
sale included 110 head of Shropshire Downs and 126 South 
Downs. The prices realized were not large, but said to 
be good considering the condition of the animals. Most 
of the purchasers reside at the- Fast, though we observe 
that Judge Chafe eh, of Jefferson, O., and 5. W Johnson, 
Esq., of EllicottriUe, were among the successful bidders. 
Ohio, sends the following communication to the 
Rural American , on a subject which interests all 
farmers; but, only a portion of them, we are 
pleased to say, require the information. He 
says: 
" Thousands of dollars are lost by the neglect 
of farmers to take proper care of their farming 
tools, which a little outlay and care would save. 
All the tools and implements of wood used by 
the farmer should be kept well painted and 
housed. They not only look much nicer, and 
[ How to Conquer Belligerent Bees. 
A correspondent sends us the following 
remedy for pugnacious bees. It would seem to 
be effective: 
Messrs. Editors:— In your issue of the 20th 
of September, you copy an extract from the 
American Stock Journal, entitled ‘'Bees," giving 
a lemedy to stop them from lobbing each other 
ot their honey, all of which may be very good, in 
the absence of a better method. But having 
positive knowledge of a much quicker and sim¬ 
plex plan, 1 beg to lay it before your readers: 
W hen it is discovered that two swarms of bees 
uie ut wat with each other, by turning up the 
hive containing the attacking bees, thrusting a 
stick up into the honey, and fracturing the 
comb, you will at once stop all further aggres¬ 
sion. and set the bees repairiuc the damnue <im»i 
The Shoet-Horn Bull “King Alfred."— During the 
Ill. State Fair, Hon. John Wentworth, of Summit Farm, 
near Chicago, purchased one-half of this celebrated im¬ 
ported bull, bred by Jonas Webb, and selected by Mr. 
Ja9. N. Bbow.v. The half interest is sold by Mr. B on 
condition that neither party is to use him upon other 
cows than lus own. He is to be kept alternately upon the 
farms of bis owners until he dies of old age. 
\t arming Dwellings by Steam —a little information 
is desired in regard to tbe mauner of warming dwellings 
and other hulMtngsJby steam. Is the air heated by sur! 
rounding aud being iu contact with as much surface ot’ 
the vessel or pipe In which the steam is confined as po*ei- 
ble, as is the lojllldeiU distilling, nnd then convened about 
the building tbe same as from the furnace v Can the 
cook stove he dispensed with, wholly or In part, and the 
cooking be done by steam—filing, roasting and baking 
over or in an oven surrounded by steam, thereby warm 
ing the house, heating water for its various uses in the 
Jiitchen all hi one steamer, and that out of the room 
where the work is done ? Wou d like to have this subject 
explained, and published iu jour paper, bv yourselt 1 or 
any one who is posted —K E a., Korlh Chili. Monroe 
The Weather p as been quite warm for the season 
during tbe past week, with several beautiful days. The 
farmers of this region are progressing finely with Ilieir 
fall work, and grumblers in regard to the yield of crops 
are very rare. The prices of products are encouraging, 
and those who understand the art of selling as well as 
they do producing have no cause of complaint. 
