HOW TO GET MONEY. 
A History of Tin: t.xTELMtCTUAL DKVKL01 >mknt oj 
Ecroj-s. By John William Draper, M. D , LL. D., 
Sic [pp. 631 ] New York: Harper Sc Bros. 
This work is the completion of a former treatise by 
Dr Draper on Human Physiology. In that, man was 
treated of as an individual; in this, he is considered in 
his social relation,—as a member of society. The sub¬ 
ject of the book, as proposed by the learned author, is the 
consideration of the manner in which the advancement 
of Europe in civilization has taken place, and the ascec- 
tamim? how far its progress has been fortuitous, and how 
far determined by primordial law. The object is “ to im- 
pt e-; upon the reader a conviction that civilization doea 
not proceed in an arbitrary manner or by chance, but that 
it passes through a determinate succession of stages, and 
is a development according to law , that the Lite of an 
individual is a miniature of the life of a nation, man be¬ 
ing the archetype Ot' society, and individual development 
the model of social progress and that social advancement 
is as completely under the control of natural law as is 
bodilv growth, a control, however, not inconsistent with 
Every child who cau read has had money and 
spent it. Is your money all gone now? If it is, 
you would like to know how to get more. Per¬ 
haps you can tell better how to get it when I have 
told you what money is. Money is wages paid 
for work. It is nothing else. It was made by 
work in the first place. Gold and silver money 
was dug from the mines and cut and stamped by 
machinery, and all that is very hard work. Pa¬ 
per money is printed from engraved plates which 
are prepared with a great deal of labor and skill. 
I So vou see work makes money, and we must 
be very poor people indeed. It is proper that 
parents should work for their children until the 
children are old enough to work for themselves. 
Some people earn a great deal more than they 
spend, and so when they die their money is left to 
their children, and thus they are able to spend 
more than they earn. But somebody had to 
work very hard for the money, or else it would 
not have come. It takes a great deal of labor to 
build the rich man's house, to cultivate his 
grounds, to make hi - clothing and to cook his 
food. Do you think anybody is going to do all 
this for him for nothing? Not at all. He must 
either work for them in return, or give them the 
wages that his father or some other person has 
earned. To tell the earnest truth, there are only 
three possible ways to get money as a general 
thing—to work, to beg, and to steal. 
It is very honorable to work 
Hk vt OojfsiPRf n as a Mkav Motion Being a 
* <'our«o of Twelve Lectures delivered ut the Rotal In- 
-dtution of Great Britain, in tile ucavoti of ISOC, By 
John Tyvt.au F. It S , A” , Professor of Natural Phi¬ 
losophy in tlic Rival Institution. With Illustrations. 
Mimo-pp 480. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 
T 115 . 8 E lecture* an?, the author tells us, an endeavor “to , 
bring the rudiments of a new philosophy within the reach 
of n person ol’ordinary intelligence and culture;" but it is 
not to lie supposed that it is in any sense a dilution of the 
philosophy alluded to. The author gives a scientific and 
thorough epitome of the views which have been put forth 
by Farkaday, Dayv, Grove and others within a few 
years, but he has made no attempt to discover auy royal 
road to this sort of knowledge The book may be profit¬ 
ably read by any one who will take enough interest in the 
subject to carefully follow tie 5 reasoning, but the most 
learned reader need not fear to meet any childishness of 
reasoning or illustration. Of the conelusiveuess of the 
reasoning, or the truth of the positions assumed, neither 
You know God 
worked six days and rested Mm seventh, to set us 
an example. Ilia only son, Joans Christ, worked 
till ho was thirty years old as a carpenter, 
and the rest of his life he •• went about doing 
good. 1 ' which is much harder than carpenter’s 
work. All the best and bravest men and women 
have worked, and it is only tho lazy and selfish 
who wish to live without it. Besides, the money 
that wo earn looks a great, deal richer, the tood 
we buy with it tastes a great (leal sweeter, the 
clothing we get for it seems a great deal more 
becoming than that which we beg or steal. If 
wo find money we are apt to lose it again. It 
soon slips away and somebody else finds it. It 
has the habit of being lost. But the money that 
we earn has the habit of being worked for, and 
somebody must work hard to get it from us.— 
Springfield, Republican. 
OROTJ3? OF HUMMING- BIRDS 
But two varieties of the Humming Bird are 
known in the Northern States, but in the tropics, 
and even so far north as Florida, they are very 
numerous. We believe that over seventy differ¬ 
ent kinds, from the size of a wren to that of a 
humbie-bee, have been named and described. 
The most common with us is the “ Ruby-throated 
Humming Bird.” We have also a “Humming 
Bird Moth,” which resembles the bird very 
much, both in form and motion. The name of 
this bird, which is one of the same meaning in 
many languages, Is derived from the peculiarly 
quick and constant motion of its wings, which 
I make a humming sound. They seldom light, 
and when they do, choose some small twig bare 
of leaves. \ 
These birds live on 'ttfe honey which they ex¬ 
tract from flowers, and also the small insects tic description 
found In and around them. The tongue of a 
Humming bird is similar to that of a Wood¬ 
pecker, being curled vyuod the head under the 
skin, nrrl thus cap* 1 being darted to a con- 
sid (Table distance. Thdy aro bold and rather 
quarrelsomo creatures among themselves, and 
often fight until they drop from exhaustion. 
Their nests are very neatly constructed of 
down, cotton, or other line vegetable fiber, and 
diminutive in size, 
the discharge of the guil. A &hmptiel shell has 
ouly half the charge of powder that a shell pro¬ 
per has; thus a 24-pounder shrapnel contains 
175 musket balls, six ounces of powder, and 
weighs 21.75 pounds. A 24-pounder shell has 
twelve ounces of powder, and weighs 19.75 
pounds. A 6-pounder shrapnel has thirty-nine 
musket balls, and 2.5 ounces of powder. 
“Instinct teaches one species, which builds its 
nests on tho slender branches which hang over 
rivers, to make a rim round the mouth of the 
nest turned inward, so as to prevent t.he eggs 
from rolling out. * * I have seen the branch 
of the tree which held the Humming Bird's nest 
so violently shaken that the bottom of the inside 
of the nest could be seen as 1 sat in my canoe, 
and had there been nothing at the rim to stop tho 
eggs, they must Inevitably have been jerked into 
the water.” 
Of the appearance of the Humming Bird, 
when glancing in the bright sunshine of the 
tropics, the same writer gives this characteris- 
... ..— r —1. 
“ Though least in size, the glittering mantle of 
the Humming Bird entitles it to the first place 
in the list of the birds of the New World. It 
may truly be called the Bird of Paradise; and 
had it existed in the Old World it would have 
claimed the title Instead of the bird which has 
now the honor to bear it. See it darting through 
the air almost as quick as thought! now It is 
within a yard of your face, in an instant it is 
g 0n e_now it flutters from flower to flower to sip 
the silver dew—it is now a ruby—now a topaz— 
1 now an emerald—now all burnished gold.” 
GUNNY BAGS 
The Cafitai. of the Tycoon: A Narrative of a Three 
Your* itcuidenee iu Japan. By Sir RcTDERFORn Ai.- 
Cock, K. C. B , her M*jrs'.* 'a Envoy Extraordinary ami I 
Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan With Maps and 
Numerous Illuviations. Tno Volumes ;pp. 407 and 
430 New York Harper Bros. 
To say that we arc pleased with tills narration of a three 
years'residence in Japan would but faintly express the 
delight tve have experienced lit its perusal. The author 
was appointed Minister to the country of the Tycoon in 
I860, and resided principally in Y'eddo, tho ckpital of the 
Empire. The field is comparatively a new one for the 
mrnalUt, and we might expect just such u fresh and racy 
work as has been furnished. So little is known concerning 
Japan that we cannot judge as to the accuracy of the 
statements given, but tve can say that a most interesting 
The inquiry is often made, “ What is a gunny I 
bug ?” The London Mechanics’ Magazine tells 
all about it: 
It is a bag made from the coarse spun fibres of 
a plant which grows in India, of which there are 
many varieties. On the Coromandel coast this 
plant is called gont, and “gunny is a corruption 
of this name. The cultivation of the chuti.jute 
or *‘ gunny,” has been carried on for centuries in 
Bengal, and gives employment to tens of thoue 
andsQf inhabitants. “Men, women and children,” 
| says Mr. Heuly, “ find employment there. Boat- 
A NATION OF PIGMIES 
In the Bay of Bengal, on the very high road 
of commerce, is a group of islands thickly 
covered with impenetrable jungle, and swarming 
with leeches in the rainy, and ticks in thejdry 
season. Except a species of pig. until recent un¬ 
known to science, there are no wild animals that 
offer any molestation to man; but to make up 
for this deficiency, the human inhabitants are 
among the most savage and hostile that voya¬ 
gers have ever encountered. They may truly 
be termed a nation of pigmies, being on an aver¬ 
age only four feet five inches high, and weighing 
from seventy to seventy-five pounds; but they 
arc well-proportioned, and display an agility 
and nimbleness truly wonderful. Their skin is 
dark, though not black as that of the negro, and 
their faces decidedly ugly. They go entirely 
naked, shave the hair off their head with pieces 
of bamboo or broken bottle, and further increase 
their unsightly appearance by daubing them¬ 
selves all over with a mixture of red ochre and 
oil. or covering their persons toward nightfall 
with a thick coating of soft mud to serve as a 
protection against the mosquitoes, with which, 
in addition to the leeches and ticks, they seem to 
be tormented tho whole year round.'? They are 
excellent swimmers, taking to the water almost 
before they can walk; and they rely upon the 
' sea for the principal supply of their food*—tur- 
' ties, oysters and fish. 
men, in their spare moments, planteen carriers, 
and domestic servants, everybody, in fact, being 
Hindoos—for Mitasulmcn spin cotton only—pass 
their leisure moments, distaff in hand, spinning 
gunny twist." The patient and despised Hindoo 
widow earns her bread in this way. It is said 
very diminutive m size. They are sometimes 
covered on the outside with mosses and lichens. 
The eggs of some species are about the size of a 
to local trivialities and personal gossip. We 
belittle (our minds by saying what isn’t worth 
printing, or else spend the time in reading what 
is printed, which is another way of belittling 
them, if followed too far. For if the man who 
rides on a mowing-machine is not as muscular as 
he who swings tho scythe, so he who buys a 
printed ticket for the train of thought does uot 
WHAT THE PAPERS DO FOR US. 
Few people are aware of tho changes which 
newspapers have wrought, since they became so 
common, not only in our inodes of thought, but 
in our vehicles of expression. All subjects of 
popular interest are discussed in the journals, 
and as the writers who thus attain to the dignity 
of print have usually hnd more or less practice, 
the chances are that the topic of the day is 
treated by them a little more ably than ordinary 
tyros could treat It. It, follows that people do 
not hold forth as formerly, in conversation or in 
letters. Instead of elaborately unfolding their 
ily Prayers” of the late Hknby Tuohsto.V, Esq., of Clap- 
ham, England, of whom it lias been justly remarked:— 
“TUe world would he wiser and better, aud therefore 
happier, in proportion ai it shall Imbibe the spirit of the 
life, and of the prayers of Ukvlt Thornton.” The book 
contains a prayer for each morning and evening of the 
month, besides occasional prayers relating to cases and 
exigencies of most frequent occurrence in every-day life. 
It breathes a spirit of devotional fervor and of earnest, 
humble, practical piety , which cannot but commend it to 
every Christian family. For sale by Steele & Avert. 
Price il. 
purposes. Sugar, coffee, spices, cotton, drugs, 
indeed, almost every article which we pack in 
dry casks and boxes, is, in the East, packed in 
gunny bags. It is also made into mats, carpets, 
ropes, paper, and various other articles. It is 
related that the olu gunny bags which contained 
BUgar, are sold to beer makers, who sweeten 
their beer by boiling the sugar out of the bags, I 
aud then sell them to the mat-makers. 
Some six or ten millions of gunnies are ex¬ 
ported to this country from India, mostly to 
I North America, besides some four or five thous¬ 
and tons of the rope and raw jute. There are no 
manufactories of jute cloth in this country, 
though it Is here made into bed-cords, etc. When 
used for purposes of defense, the bags are filled 
with sand. They are no better than hemp or 
flax bags, but are much cheaper. 
achieve the brain-power of him who thinks stur¬ 
dily for himself .—Springfield Republican. 
XenoI'HO.ntis Anabasis. Reeeusuit J. E Macmichael, 
A. B. New York: Harper & Bros. 1863. 
Xenophox was one of the most remarkable men of an¬ 
tiquity,— at ouce philosopher, historian, general. The 
consummate skill with which he conducted the famous 
retreat of the 10,000 Greeks, after the battle of Cunaxa, 
has rendered his name immortal, independent of the glo¬ 
ry which has been his 01 : account of the many produe 
ti'jns of his gifted pen. His greatest and most popular 
work is the one whose title is given above. The edition 
published by the Harper Bros, is precisely adapted to the 
wants of the student, and i* one of the most valuuble of 
their series of Greek and Lahu Texts. For sale by Steele 
& Avery. Price SO cents 
the weight of the epistles it earned, very prop- j, if , fit f or „ SB . Parch men t was employed in 
erly charged three times as much in postage as vory anC i ea t times, and it is curious that from 
we pay at the curreut rates. To write a letter about seventh to the tenth century, It was 
was then an undertaking of some gravity, and beautiful, white and good, but that in later times 
not to be lightly attempted. We dashed off no a very inferior, dirty looking kind of parchment 
hasty, trivial notes, but “took our pen in hand” came int0 ufst ., which has the apppearance of 
with a due sense of the responsibility incurred, being much older than the good. The reason for 
We knew that our well-considered words would tll j B j a gU pp 0 sed to be, that the writers In these 
be filed away and preserved till the ink was as hiier centuries used to prepare their own parc'n- 
faded and the paper as yellow as tho hand that while at an earlier date It was a curious 
penned the epistle. In those times a man might ar b only possessed by the manufacturers, 
hope to sit in the autumn ol his days amid the parchment was sometimes so rare and scarce, 
rustling of the sere and yollow leaves (of call- t [ iat g roa t numbers of the older manuscripts 
graphy) that flaunted and fanned him in his were erased with pumice stone, or the ink 
vouth- Now, we keep our friend’s letter till we washed out with some chemical substance, in 
DARK ROOMS 
Prisuiiua Latina. Part L A First Latin Course, com¬ 
prehending Grammar, Delectus and Exercise Book, 
with vocabularies. By William Smith, LL. D. Re 
vised by H. Df.isi.sr, A. M. [pp. 18T.] New York. 
Harper & Brothers. 1863. 
The name of such a distinguished classical scholar as 
Dr. Smith as author is guarantee enough for the excel¬ 
lence of this work. It is designed for those who are be¬ 
ginning the study of tho Latin tongue, and is admirably 
adapted to the purpose, embodying as it does certain desi¬ 
rable features (set forth in the preface,) not to be found 
in other instruction books of a similar character. For 
sale by Steele A Avery. 
ula, rickets, &c., among children. People lose 
their health in a dark house, and if they get ill 
they cannot get well again iu it. Three out of 
many negligeaeies and ignorances in managing 
the health of houses generally I will here men¬ 
tion aa specimens. First, that the female head 
in charge of any building does not think it 
necessary to visit every hole and corner of it 
every day. How can she expect that those 
under her will be more careful to maintain her 
house in a healthy condition than she who is in 
charge of it? Secondly, that it is not considered 
essential to air, to sun and clean rooms while 
uninhabited; which is simply ignoring the first 
elementary notion of Banitary things, and laying 
the ground for all kinds of diseases. Third, that 
one window is considered enough to air a room. 
Don’t imagine that if you who are in charge and 
don't look to all these things yourself, those 
under you will be more careful than yon are. It 
appears as if the part of the mistress was to com¬ 
plain of her servants and to accept their excuses 
— not to show them how there need be neither 
complaints nor excuses made. 
of the American Revolution" In Three Divisions, vis.: 
_ 1 . Diarv of Verified Occurrences, IL Poetry', Anee- 
d s, and incidents. 111. Documents, etc. New York; 
G. P. Putnam. 
This invaluable serial has reached its XXXII number, 
bringing down and recounting all matters connected with 
our devastating war up to the battle of Stone River, or 
/ Murfreesboro’. The high character of the “Record” is 
F fully sustained iu the present issue in all respects. Por- 
/:> traits of Gen. D. Bcttekeild and Commodore C. H. 
. . Davis are the embellishments. Dk wet, Agent. 
Lloyi'S’ New County Map of the United States aud 
Canadas, showing Battle Fields, Railroads, See., compiled 
from the latest Government Surveys, and all other reliable- 
sources, has been received by us, and from comparison 
we ji.dge it tube correct and valuable It is especially 
usefi now-a days when perusing accounts of battles, skir¬ 
mish, s, raids, etc. Darroyv has it for sale. 
