V 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 14,1863 
{WHOLE NO. 722 
persou who over saw maple sugar made could 
employ it with success; or any person of ordi¬ 
nary intelligence could curry it out with the 
greatest ease. I caused it to be published, but I 
very much doubt if there be ten persons in the 
Union who saw the article that now remember 
anything about it. 
In Vol. 0 of the Rural New-Yorker, (1855,) 
a very pluiii and condensed article was pub¬ 
lished, which I do not believe is remembered by 
a dozen people. In the I3th Vol. of the Trans¬ 
actions of the V. Y. State, Agricultural Society 
was published a very elaborate article by Prof. 
Jou.v Wit. son, of England; but I do not be¬ 
lieve that one in a hundred of the members or, 
others who have that volume, have over read the 
article, or remember it I judge so from recent 
doing^of the Executive Committee of the So¬ 
ciety. 
The nme has como when we may unblanket 
one of bur hobbys and let him loose, and be 
quite sure everybody will pet him, ami only 
wonder they never noticed his lino points before. 
Beet-root sugar can be made cheaper than maple 
sugar, even where the burner has a good sugar 
orchard, for the cake left after the juice has been 
expressed iroui the beet will pay all the expense 
of raising the beet and making the sugar. An 
acre of sugar beets will produce not less than 
fifteen tuns of roots. The very lowest yield of 
sugar is 7 per cent, and of molasses, or syrup, 3 
per cent. more. An acre would yield of 
SuRnr,.1,060 
9jrup,. . tG guts. 
Cuke,_ 3 tana. 
The money value would be 
1060 lbs. Sugar at 10c per pound,.- $105 00 
45 gallons Syrup at 60c per gal.,_ 22 50 
3 tuus Cake at $10 per tun,. 30 00 
Gross receipt*,. v .$167 60 
Suppose we put the cost at... 57 60 
■ - 
We have a profit of.. .. $100 00 
per acre, without in any wise interfering with 
the regular business of the farm, or affecting its 
productiveness in any other branch. 
Sod well manured in the fall, turned over in 
the spring, ami planted to corn and kept clean, 
would be an excellent preparation for the roots, 
and flax should follow the roots, and the ground 
might bo seeded with tiio flax, so that two new 
and profitable crops will be added to the re¬ 
sources of the farmers.—i’. 
soil. Now I have been thinking about one of 
those spaders or forkers for doing this work. If 
they do not cost too much, they uro jnst the 
thing. They fork the land up lightly, pulveriz¬ 
ing it completely, and leaving the soil iu condi¬ 
tion to germinate seed. On these a man or 
woman may ride, and do more work with a team 
than bu can with a plow, and do it better. And, 
John, tbege seed-beds are what make our crops. 
If the seed-bed is in good condition when it 
receives the seed, a good crop is generally in¬ 
sured. But the packing plows and scraping cul¬ 
tivators are about os much injury as benefit. 
The bed ready, the seed must be sown; and a 
drill or a broadcast sower that may be propelled 
by a band on the wheel of the wagon, will save 
both time and labor, and do the work as well as 
the moat carefnl farmer could desire. 
I would adopt that Western man’s modo of 
harrowing—hitch two, three, four or more bor¬ 
rows to a long pole, double up the teams and let 
one man drive them, instead of requiring as 
many men as there are harrows and teams. 
That is economy, John. Next the roller, lie 
is either a poor farmer who does withoutaroller, 
or he is so far in advance as to have learned a 
substitute for it. On this light seed-bed, left by 
the forker or spader, there must be some pack¬ 
ing done. The roller must do it; and then sun¬ 
shine will start the seed sure. Then the self- 
raking reaper, thrasher, separator and cleaner, 
will finish the work. 
But that is not all. I’ve got tired of mowing. 
It is pleasant work when one feels well, but 
then it requires more labor and time. I have 
got to do with less manual labor. The mowing 
machine will do it. And a good horse pitch- 
fork must do the lifting over the big-beam here¬ 
after—saving time and labor. These forks are 
cheap and can bo handled easily, and do the 
work quickly and in good style. Iiorse muscle 
has got to do the lifting hereafter. I am tired of 
tugging. 
But I can see that the roof to that cow-stable 
leaks a little. It mus$ be stopped, now that 
these rains are coming on. And, John, I’ve no 
timo now to talk about machinery lor women. 
But, there is a big field for improvement iu the 
arrangement of household matters, so as to save 
labor and time. When I feel like it, and have 
nothing else to do, I will give you some hints 
about saving steps, and scrubbings for women. 
MOOSE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WRKKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With a Corp« of Able Ajwl»tant» nnd Contributor*. 
CHAS. D. BHAGDON, Western Corresponding Editor. 
Thb Kir ral New- Yorkrr is de-i^nod to be uusurpanned 
in Value, l’nrity and Variety of Cootent*. and unique 
and beautiful In Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his 
personal attention to the supervbion of Its various 
depiirtniente, and earnestly labors to render the Rural an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the Important Practical, 
Scientific and oth.'r Subject* intimately connected with the 
bnaineya of those whose interests it xealoosly advocates. 
As a Family Jocrnal it is eminently Instructive and 
Entertaining — being so conducted that it can bo safely 
taken to the Homes of people of Intelligence, taste and 
discrimination It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural. Sciuntiflc, Educational, Literary nnd News Matter, 
interspersed with appropriate Engravings, than any other 
journal,—rendering it the most complete Agricultural, 
Literary and Family Newspaper in America 
IV For Terms and other particulars, see last page, 
DHE CHAMPION CORN - HTAIUIrlYIUR 
FARMER GARRULOUS TALKS 
Auovk we give illustrations of a Corn-Shelter, 
invented by A. Eiulev, ol Ohio, for which 
letters patent were issued in March lust. Figure 
1 is simply a perspective view of the machine; 
figure 2 shows its internal arrangement and con¬ 
struction. The improvement consists in a con¬ 
cave cylinder, (as represented in the cut,) with 
hands or springs which press the corn to the 
cylinder, so that ears of any size or shape are 
perfectly shelled in passing through the machine. 
The operation is easy, rapid and simple—the 
hand-power muchiuo (the one illustrated) shell¬ 
ing twenty bushels an hour. It not only shells 
corn perfectly, but also separates it entirely. 
This Shelter has received the hearty approval 
of practical men, and was awarded the first pre¬ 
mium at the recent New York and Ohio State 
Fairs, and at other State and County exhibitions. 
We have seen this machine tested, and were 
pleased and surprised at its appa^nt superiority 
over other shelters in use. For further particu¬ 
lars, price, &c., see advertisement in this paper. 
"What will I do with money?” Well, that is 
a question. Wbat had I better do with it? The 
fact is, I've no debts to pay; if I had, I should 
pay them. I do not want any more land; if 1 
did, I should buy it. My name isn’t on any¬ 
body’s note as an indorser; if it was, I would 
get that note in my possession. I cannot feed 
any more stock profitably; if I could, and it 
would pay, I Bhouhl purchase it. There is some 
stock that might be sold, and better bought. 
And it is a good time to sell, but a poor time to 
buy. So wbUe I may sell, I should not purchase 
except an excellent opportunity should ofl'er. 
But if I sell and do not purchase, wbat shall I 
do with my money? I’ve been thinking. I do 
not need any more buildings. But some of 
them need repairing; and if I can get the help 
to do it, 1 shall make these repairs, and re¬ 
arrange these buildings, so as to render them 
more convenient. Thereisone thing, especially, 
that I’ve thought I should do, John. And I’ve 
wondered that I had not thought more carefully 
about it before. I am going to purchase ma¬ 
chinery to do work wherever it can be applied 
to gave labor or time, whether in the field, barn, 
cellar, or kitchen. It has been working in my 
head sometime that 1 had not yet got my eyeB 
open, quite, on this subject 
Now take that piece of corn stubble yonder— 
twenty-five acres. X am going to put it in wheat 
in the spring. It ought to be plowed this fall- 
must be. And it ought to be subsoiled—must 
be. Now I have heard of plows with subsoil 
attachments—a mole and lifter attached to the 
f 
beam of the plow, and between the landside and 
moleboard, which wUl lift the subsoil any re¬ 
quired depth, with team euough. Now with 
three good horses, John, you cun plow and sub¬ 
soil, twelve or eighteen inches deep, as much 
land in a day as two men with two ordinary 
teams would be likely to do, tho subsoil follow¬ 
ing the surface plow. Then there is a saving of 
one man, even if we could get one. But these 
days the men are not so easily secured; and even 
if it takes a little longer to do the same work, it 
is still economical to do it in this way. But the 
ditSculty is, if the work is not done in this way, 
it cannot be done at all. If one man undertakes 
to do this plowing and subsoiling, it more than 
doubles the time required to fit a piece of ground 
for a crop, compared with the three-horse double¬ 
plow system. 
You know Snugimprove bought him a sub¬ 
soil plow a long time ago. He used it some. 
But he could not afford, he thought, to keep an 
extra team, could not hire, and now, for want of 
help, where his fields most need such treatment, 
he says he cannot spend the time necessary to 
subsoil Mb fields. So you see we must have this 
plow and subsoil lifter combined. Then we can 
put that land in condition to get on to it early in 
the spring with some pulverizing implement or 
other, and pat in the wheat early. This fall 
work is very important It advances the spring 
work. And the wheat should be put in early. 
I have the best crops where it is put in as soon 
as I can get on to the ground. 
Then we want something to prepare this seed¬ 
bed in the spring. The action of the frost will 
prove beneficial. But the fall and spring rains, 
and the burthen of snow, will have packed the 
THE ENGLISH MODE OF KEEPING SHEEP, 
remainder of the total, four hundred and thirty- 
nine pages, to miscellaneous matter—quite as 
important as tho preceding—connected with the 
subject in general. 
The true origin, or history, so far as is known, 
of the most useful and popular races and breeds 
of sheep are here given, which has rarely, or 
imperfectly been done by any previous author. 
This is important in determining the course of 
tho intelligent dock-master in the application of 
particular breeds to bis soil, climate, and 
locality. Another thing, for which Col. Randa t.l 
has our special thanks, is, ho has not hesitated to 
treat the subject of properly breeding sheep, 
as well as other domestic farm stock, in its 
true character. A most absurd and Inveterate 
prejudice has long been entertained hy our 
farmers and stock breeders, that in-and-in breed¬ 
ing—or tho close connection of related animals 
in the propagation of their kind—is deteriorating 
to the quality, health, constitution and general 
welfare of the progeny, and to such extent has 
this Idea prevailed that no real improvement in 
tho general farm stock of our country has 
taken place, unless by the Introduction and use 
of foreign breeds. Never did a more mistaken 
idea prevail I Every breed of domestic animal 
which has arrived at perfection in all the desira¬ 
ble qualities which belong to its race, has been 
obtained by the most intense and persistent 
course of in-and-in breeding; and we rejoice that 
our author has laid it down as the beginning and 
ending of thorough excellence in sheep. Nor 
has he left the subject to vague theory, or guess- 
wtftrk. He gives us histories, experiences, facts, 
and results, through which no one can be mis¬ 
taken in drawing accurate conclusions. For 
this, if for nothing else, our author deserves the 
thanks of the agricultural public. 
Did time and Rpaco permit we could discourse 
almost indefinitely on a subject so suggestive and 
agreeable, noting each department of the book 
by itself and pointing out its various topics of 
instruction, superior, as we think, to any other 
work which has come under our notice — and 
this is saying a great deal, for we have several 
excellent and valuable works standing before us 
in our agricultural library, on the same, but not 
so thoroughly treated subject The publication 
of this work is singularly opportune in timo, 
when the attention of our farmers is extraordi¬ 
narily attracted to sheep culture by the growing 
demand, and high prices of wool, and the more 
permanent—as we hope—establishment of sheep 
husbandry, and woolen manufacture in the 
United States. In this item, at least, our long¬ 
time friend, the author, may be ranked as a 
benefactor. Lewis F. Allen. 
Black Rock, N. Y., 1863. 
American Agriculturists attach too little im¬ 
portance to the beneficial effects on the soil by 
keeping great quantities of live stock on their 
farms; and strange as it may appear to stock tann¬ 
ers in the North, It is often a subject of remark that 
“kg and so" has too much of his grass and clover 
eaten off, the plowing it under being thought to 
have a much mure striking issue than if con¬ 
sumed on the surface and the dung and urine 
left thereon. As wool has caused sheep to be 
much more thoughUof than formerly, it is a pity 
that some prominent breeders do not introduce 
the use of the common, simple “sheep hurdle,” 
which is universally seen in England, without 
which no farmer there, could keep his land in 
condition to bear the constant drain upon it by 
tho rapid succession of crops taken therefrom. 
What a change might be produced on the ex¬ 
hausted light land by a good Bystem of sheep 
husbandry, keeping the animals a great portion 
of the year iu pens on the land; first rye, then 
clover, roots, &c.- adopting a course of rotation 
with crops which would not only allow of sup¬ 
porting a large flock on every farm, but by 
bringing a fourth or filth of it in turn each year 
for roots a much more numerous herd might be 
wintered, in addition to tho sheep, than was ever 
thought possible to be fed alone. 
The great drawback to the adoption of this 
enriching style of farming is the expense of pro¬ 
ducing the Swedish turnips, which 
BEET-ROOT SUGAR. 
RANDALL’S PRACTICAL SHEPHERD 
II ebb is a book which comes up to the mark 
of its subject— which can be said of few of the 
vaunted "treatises” bo rapidly worked off of the 
various presses of the day, on pretty much every 
subject that concerns the affairs of our wonder¬ 
fully active and thoughtful people. Wheu it is 
said that this book is from the accurate and 
experienced pen of CoL Randall, and tho ripe 
production of his own well arranged and disci¬ 
plined mind, on a subject to which he has 
devoted the discriminating taste, aud well- 
directed labors of thirty years, that of itself is 
euough to attract the attention of every breeder 
and grower of sheep in the United States. Nor 
is this the first eissay of an author in this depart¬ 
ment of literature. Hi$ “Sheep Husbandry in 
the South,” published silvers! years ago, and his 
“ Fine-Wool Sheep Husbandry” of later date, had 
already familiarized hut name with the various 
flock-masters of the country as a diligent ob¬ 
server and an accompli died master in and over 
this most important branch of agricultural 
production. 
For this, he appears 
It has been well said that the world moves in 
a circle. If a person can only “ wait and watch,” 
and, perhaps, live long enough, he will see the 
hobbies that he rode at one time with so much 
gratification and hope, and wMch caused so much 
ridicule from the thoughtless crowd of “ know 
nothings ” that looked on, come cantering by, all 
gaily caparisoned, aud everybody trying to catch 
and ride them, though, albeit, no one now recog¬ 
nizes them as his,—and if they did, would not 
allow that he was the owner, or ever saw them 
before. So we pay off the world for its neglect 
by calling it ungrateful, when, peradventure, it 
was only stupid and ignorant. The only mistake 
was that we undertook to ride before a road was 
made for us. And herein is the profitable differ¬ 
ence between Genius and Tact. Genius mounts 
Lis hobby all booted and spurred, and starts on 
his journey, making little or no progress because 
there is no road opened up for him to tr avel. 
On the other hand Tact waits till somebody has 
made a good road, and then mounts the discard¬ 
ed and useless hobbies of Genius, and finds them 
first-rate animals to bear him on to wealth and 
distinction. 
These ideas came up in rny mind to-day, and 
took shape, as I was looking up some facts for 
an article on the subject of increasing the supply 
of sugar hereafter in the non-cane growing re¬ 
gions of the Union. For it is quite certain that 
many years must elapse before cane sugar will 
be as cheap as it has been—I think at least a 
generation. This paying from 12 to 20 cents per 
pound for such sugar as we used to get at from 
6 to 10 cents, with wheat, and pork and the other 
articles of farm produce bringing but little if any 
higher prices, i8 becoming rather a serious mat¬ 
ter to the consumers of sugar. Yet it is the fault 
of the farmers that they pay such prices, for it is 
within the reach of every one to make not only 
his own sugar, but to have a surplus for his 
neighbor who has no farm. 
In the spriDg of 18501 obtained from an intel¬ 
ligent German, who had been largely engaged in 
the manufacture of beet-root sugar in Germany, 
a statement of the process, so simple that any 
no common 
farmer lias tbe heart to encounter, and ai-o the 
difficulty for want of hurdles in eating most of 
them where grown, as well as the severe w eather 
of the Northern winter preventing the sheep from 
remaining in the field withont inventing movable 
shelter for them. But these difficulties might be 
easily surmounted if name of the wealthy, enter¬ 
prising land-owners would make a trip to Eng¬ 
land in January or February aud see the way in 
which the tenant farmers there lay mutton on 
their flocks, beef on their cattle, and make ma¬ 
nure to lay tho foundation for heavy successive 
crops, thus proving that if they, as tenants, 
paying enormous rents, can live prosperously, 
and keep up the stamina of their landlord’s soil, 
certainly the farmer iu America might find the 
same method of saving land from becoming im¬ 
poverished so profitable as to Incur the trouble of 
making the changes in the manner of consuming 
the roots which tho difference of climate de¬ 
mands. Many a poor, worn-out farm might bo 
renovated and brought round to produce double 
the quantity of corn and grain it ever did before 
by tbe means of a good flock of sheep, and ad¬ 
mitting of the sale of corn and grain, besides 
having cattle to consume the fodder and eat some 
have crystallized the 
results of both those lijors into new form, and 
added largely to the inprmation. gathered from 
sources not material to the particular objects for 
which those books wet > Intended. They wore 
books written for part cular purposes —this is 
for general use, and tli i more important, there¬ 
fore, for every one whq owns, breeds, or rears a 
sheep to possess, and tetudy as a hand-book in 
that department. 
4 A comprehensive si etch, or review of this 
work would require jages, and we can only 
glance at its chief and nure important features, 
trusting that the good tense of every one want¬ 
ing information will a’, once treat themselves to 
the book itself, presur ing they will be abund¬ 
antly recompensed i: the sprightly style and 
agreeable manner of tie author, as well as in tbe 
valuable matter of its jages. Two hundred and 
forty-eight of these arfc devoted to the history, 
breeds, purposes, and management of sheep, and 
their wools; a hundred and thirty-two to their 
diseases, treatment and medicines; and the 
rWpl 
