PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT 
[SINGLE NO. .TEN CENTS 
wide, and from bIk to twenty-flvc feet long, I 
owing to the work which they are required to 
do. Some nse these all iu one apartment, while 
others divide them into a number of smaller 
ones by transverse partitions with small orifices 
at alternate ends, through which the sap slowly 
passes from one apartment to another. The pan 
has a slight inclination from the month of the 
furnace back, And the sap, or juice, is admitted 
in a small, steady stream into the highest apart¬ 
ment, and passing slowly from one to another, 
after boiling for a short time in the lowoat one it 
is ready to bo drawn off throngh a stop-cock, In 
the form of molasses. Tills, 1 think, Is probably 
the best form of pan for common use, but it Is said 
(whether true or not 1 do not know,) that it Ib an 
Infringement on Cook’s Patent Evaporator.” 
Whether it is or not there are a great many of 
them In use in this region. With a properly 
constructed furnace, and a damper in the chim¬ 
ney, to regulate the draft, but little heat need 
be lost.” 
TEMPERATURE OF STABLES. 
ESTABLISHED IN 1.H50, 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGIN At. WrEKl.T 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
This question is annually np for disenssion, 
but so far no anthorative decision ot it has been 
reached that we are aware of. Opinions and 
practices differ with respect to Lhc proper tem¬ 
perature of stables for stock among those who 
regard the matter as Important, while not a few 
pay no attention to it whatever. It is assumed, 
by the latter class, that beasts are made equal to 
any climate where they may be propagated, and 
that no particular care ol' them, as respects shel¬ 
ter, is accessary. Rut this conclusion, though 
acted upon by many, is manifestly erroneous and 
would be 60 prononneed by the beasts them¬ 
selves, had they a voice in the matter. Com¬ 
fortably sheltered, stock will thrive better and 
eat less than when exposed to storms in a cli¬ 
mate as rigorous as is common to roost of tho 
States and the Canadas. 
The degree ot warmth which stables should 
have should vary with the latitude, but in all 
locations, North or South, entire exposure in 
winter should bo avoided both on tho (score of 
economy and humanity. In countries, where 
forests yet predominate, shelter id winter is of 
much less consequence than in regions where the 
ax has performed its allotted task. In England, 
where the extreme rigor of our winters Is rarely 
if ever known, we leam by Mr, Willard, that a 
stable temperature of 55 to GO degrees is most in 
favor with the owners of dairy Short-boni stock, 
but for working cattle a lower temperature was 
deemed preferable. Stables, which turn their 
stock out in the morning smoking with perspl- 
ration, arc evidently toned too high, not only 
for comfort, but for tho performance of the labor 
required of the animals thns over-carcfully pro¬ 
vided for. Shield, bnt do not roast or parboil 
stock, since excess of care may bo nearly as in¬ 
jurious as entire neglect. 
CONDUCTED BY D. I>. T. HIOOIIE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL, D., 
Editor of ttie Department of Sheep Husbandry. 
GLESSEN F. WILCOX, Associate Editor. 
Tub Rural New-Yorker is dceltcned to br- untmr- 
paa&ed In Value, Purity, and Variety of Contents. Its 
Conductor earnestly labors to render tlio Ktnut a Reli¬ 
able Guide an all the Important Practical, Scientific and 
other Subjects connected with the buslneM of those 
whose interests It zealously advocates. As a Familt 
J ocnvAL It is cmtncnuy Instructive and KutertalnlnR— 
bclnc ho conducted that It can be safely taken to the 
Homes of people of Intelligence., taste and discrimination. 
It embraces raoro Agricultural. Horticultural, Helen title, 
Educational, Literary and News Matter, Interspersed 
with appropriate engravings, thau any other Journal,— 
rendering Is by far the most complete AOBlcm-TURAt, 
LrrEp art and Family Nrwspas'kb lu America, 
Protrusion of Horses’ Tongues— Remedy. 
J. W., Jacksonville, N. Y., writes:—“A. B. 
Inquires how to prevent a horse carrying his 
tongue over the bit. I will give him and tho 
“rest of mankind” the method os practiced by 
(ho “ horse tain era,” viz:—Take a thick piece ol 
patent harness leather, about four inched long 
and two wide; cut off the ends rounding; near 
the edge on each bido punch two holes, through 
which pul a leathur string and tic ou top of u 
joint bit; when you put in tin. bit place tins on 
top of the tongue; take the side pieces of tho 
head stall pretty well up. r >'his will prevont 
him running his tongue out ■ ‘V, pp [[> p (; 
runs it out under the bit, uT,j a straight bit; 
drill two holes through the I It from tho under 
side, about an inch and three-fonrtfut apart; to 
these attach a piece of largo wire, bringing it 
under in the shape of the bowl of a spoon; when 
you put in the bit, pull the tongue through be¬ 
tween this wire and the bit, seeing that the 
space is large enough for it to Bet easy. These 
plans will soon break up tins bad looking habit. 
I once cured a colt of hanging the tongue out ot 
its mouth by pricking it Blmrply with a pin, or 
point ol a kniic, every time J saw It out. Half 
a dozen “applications” were enough. 
ARABIAN HORSES.-PORTRAIT OF A BAY ARABIAN 
isr For. Turks and other particulars see last page. 
FARMING.-DO WE GAIN OR LOSE I 
horde became famous; there is uo record, indeed, for superiority the English racer bus won tho 
that the Arabs possessed horses of much value, I prize. But the English racing horse may be 
or began to improve their brcedB, before the said to be only the Arabian perfected by British 
seventh century. There are now said to be three climate and skill In breeding and training. The 
varieties, which are classed as the inferior, and Harley Arabian, which wus brought from the 
arc found wild in some parts; the half breeds, Desert of Palmyra in the latter part of the reign 
and those whoso pedigrees can be traced far of Queen Annh, whh the parent of the beat 
buck, and which may be termed the Arabian English racing stock. It was not until Arabian 
thorough - bred. These latter aro principally blood was freely mingled with the English stock 
reared by the Bedouins in the remote deserts, that the latter rose to a position capable of cou¬ 
rt is not, however, probable that tho Arabian testing claims to superiority, 
owes his excellencies to the hardship that have As a specimen of tho general form of 
been imposed on him while young, or that.be is these horses we give the portrait of a bay Ara- 
r eared in the very bosom of arid deserts. The introduced inLo England — a present from 
real fact is that the Arabs select for their breed- the Imamu of Muscat. The neck is ioijg and 
ing places the tortile and delightful oases, arched and beautifully joined to the chest. In 
where, though all is dry and barren around, the the formation of the shoulder, next to that of the 
pasture is unrivaled lor its succulence and nutri- head, the Arubiau is superior to any other breed . 
tions properties. 1 he powers oi the young aui- the withers are high, imd tho shoulder blade has 
mal are developed by the mingled iulluence ol its proper inclination backward. The chest may 
healtiilui food uud moderate exercise. he considered by some as too narrow, but be- 
The Arabian is remarkable for bis intelligence hind the arms the barrel swells out. The legs 
and speed, bottom, strength, and a courage that are firm, tho muscles swelling, and the bone oi 
would cause him to die rather than yield — a the densest character. 
Every farmer may pertinently ask and 
thuugtfully consider this question— Is my farm, 
under my present system of culture, growing 
less productive? And tho auswer would gener¬ 
ally be a sure index of the pecuniary reenlt of 
his fanning operations. There are eases where 
the farmer accumulates money by practicing the 
skinning process on his land—if he buys and 
sells his farm at suitable prices, and at the right 
time—but no wealth Is created in this manner. 
The soil and its fertility is the farmer’s true cap¬ 
ital, the use, or interest, legitimately belongs to 
bun; that alone Is profit—the principal is held 
By him in trust for posterity. It is evident, if 
the yield of products has been steadily diminish 
ing oq your farm, if its fertility iB not so great as 
formerly then you have been encroaching on and 
squandering your capital, and it needs but a 
gram of common sense to teach that the ultimate 
end of such a coarse Is ruin. 
But, perhaps, yon look over your fields, smooth 
and beautiful to the eye, at your fences, strong 
and durable, yonr buildings amuleand in Order— 
ROTATION OF CR0P& 
A Forty Tooth Marrow. 
H. R. N. asks for a plan for a forty tooth 
harrow, and wc reply by giving an engraving 
with description ol one that has been found 
very satisfactory in practical operation. 
buBhel. Irish potatoes will produce from four 
to six hundred bushels per acre of a superior 
quality, and sweet ones grow equally as well. 
Fever and ague arc nuknown, and there is no 
prevailing disease. On the contrary, many dis¬ 
eases are readily cured by the pure air and tho 
numerous mineral springs. Land cuu be bought 
for five to ten dollars per acre. The people are 
loyal, and anxious for Northern men to settle in 
their midst, and help develop the resources of 
the country.” 
which are well kept. When cows are kept for 
the dairy it is possible and proper—yes, it is a 
duty — to keep them in the best manner for 
profit,. If you cannot keep lour well, try two; 
the two well kept will return more net Income 
than the four half-starved, and labor and the use 
of capital arc saved. The value of the cow is 
determined partly by her pedigree, but the keep¬ 
ing has more to do with making her profitable or 
otherwise.” 
will not roach far enough into the future—but 
by-and-by your sous come j n to their inheritance. 
One takes the notes, the mortgages, and the 
money in the bank, and the other for his share 
receives the homestead; but If ho Inherits your 
system of farming, and clings to it, when the 
point is reached where the crops only repay cost, 
how can he accumulate not -, ana uiortoges and 
money iu the bank? You have squandered his 
capital; how can he repair even baiiaiugs and 
fences and replace worn out implement^ ? 
not an overdrawn picture; it is the reality w ^; c [, 
thousands have experienced; the worn out im 1( ^ 
all over the older settled regions oi the country 
bear witness oi its truth. The true remedy L ’ 
judicious farming—the temporary one, selling 
Out and removal to the West, 
Now is the time to scan closely your system of 
farming, and if defective, plan and adopt a bet¬ 
ter one. Enrich tbe land. If capital Is lacking 
to undertake much at once, lay down most of 
the farm to grass and stock it; plow less and the 
etoek will enable you to manure well what you 
do plow. Underdrain, subsoil, top-dreos, plow 
under green crops, cultivate thoroughly. Feed 
sheep and cattle, but keep lew bogs and horses. 
Increase the average yield ot your cultivated 
fields, and resolve to have a profit from your 
farming besides a mere living and pay for your 
labor. 
RURAL FARMERS’ CLUB 
Peach Ulow rotators. 
A “Practical Farmer, ” Janesville, Ohio, 
writes:—“White Peach Blow potatoes arc highly 
recommended here just now; do yon know any¬ 
thing about them?” Wo auswer Lliat they arc 
one of the best varieties ol potatoes for market 
or yield. They are hardy, produce well, and are 
not liable to rot. They take tho lead iu the New 
York market In the spring, as they are good 
keepers. They require to be planted early, and 
they will then be tbo very last sort to ripen. 
The vines grow rank and they will not bear 
crowding. The tubers ran a great deal in the 
hill, which makes the digging slower, more labo¬ 
rious and costly, than almost any other variety. 
On loamy lands that arc tolerably free from 
atono caro should be taken not to make the har¬ 
row too heavy, as it would .hen weary a team 
more without doing a proportionate increase of 
work. The framework in which the teeth are 
Inserted should be of the best seasoned white 
oak, two and a half Inches square; the teeth 
three-fourths ol an inch squa e. As tho engrav¬ 
ing shows, it Is not framed together square, but 
diagonally, which increases toe sweep of the har¬ 
row. The pieces which hold the teeth are four 
feet live Inches long, with eight inches of space 
between. Two smart horse* will readily pass 
over twelve acres La a day with this harrow, and 
lap one-third. 
j writes:—“Ou ottr hills we have to dig from City 
to sixty feet before wo find water; the supply is 
abundant, but tbo quicksand is so troublesome 
that it is difficult to dig deep enough, and after 
tho well is dug and stoned it frequently lilla 
with quicksand so as to prevent getting water 
either with a bucket or ordinary pump. Why 
don’t the patentee of tboBO wells and pumps let 
Ins light shine through the Rujul and other 
'agricultural papers by advertising? Wo want 
to ask several questions through the Ruijal. 
“ 1st—Will one of those wells operate in quick¬ 
sand, such us I have described, and will tbe 
pumps draw water from a depth of sixty feet ? 
Perhaps the pipe might be driven below the 
quicksand, and iu that way obviate tbe diffi¬ 
culty. 
“ 2d—What is the expense of such wells ? 
“ fid—Who is the manufacturer ?” 
Those having an interest in this patent should 
give the desired information about prices and 
manufacturing in tho advertising columns. 
hav® never tried it. Does it make any difference 
what vdud of soil it is sown ou ? I want to sow 
>t on day soli, and the most of it on timothy 
meadow, i shoald also like to know whether 
it wifi pay to sow clover seed after barley and 
oats when you drag your seed, and Intend to 
sow it to wheat iu the full? I have heard it 
argaed that the clover would make tho ground 
enough richer to pay.” 
As this is a Farmers’ Club, we leave these 
queries to be answered briefly by some of the 
experienced fanners who belong to it. 
Pan for Evaporating Sap. 
S. 8. Bogartu, Tipton, Iowa, writes us on 
this subject as follows: —“Various patent con¬ 
trivances have been tested among us, the most 
of which Lave proved worse tbau useless, and 
after a fair trial it lias been found that none oi 
them answers the purpose better than the com¬ 
mon pan with woodcu sides and galvanized 
sheet-Iron bottom. These arc constructed ol 
Overstock!rnr tbo Land. 
J. R. Hurray, Tultonborough, N. H., strikes 
the key-note of profitable farming iu a few sen¬ 
tences about keeping a certain kind of stock. 
The principle holds good for all stock, and lor 
all methods of cultivation, viz., keep only what 
stock you can keep in the best manner, and cul¬ 
tivate only such a number of acres iw will return 
a certain profit. “ The point whore many stum¬ 
ble,” says Mr. IT., “IsthiR; they overstock their 
farms—only half feed their animals—let skeleton 
cow frames drag themselves about their prem¬ 
ises, and then complain because their dry bones 
do not give milk like the cows of farmer B., 
Wheat in California. —In remarking ou the 
grain harvest in California, the Farmer says that 
the product of wheat there the past year will 
range from ten to fifteen millions of bushels. 
That the yield per acre, on the best fields of 
wheat, will be from 40 to GO bushels, and barley 
from GO to 100. 
A Colorado Farm. —Tli«rc Is a farm in Colo¬ 
rado IS miles long by 12 wide, which pastures 
3,000 bead <if cattle and 0,000 sheep, and lust 
year yielded $80,000 worth of grain. It is worked 
by Mexican laborers, who are led and managed 
by officers, like an army. 
