Mr. Farrington’, Canada West, thought there 
was danger of getting too mnch water out of the 
curd. Twenty years ago he had the idea that 
too much water might be left In the cheese, but 
had found that too mnch might be abstracted. 
In that case it would bo too hard. Thought the 
private system would never bo extensively tried 
again. 'The speaker attempted a scientitic ex¬ 
planation of the general poor flavor of cheese 
made this season. It had been very wet and 
mnch ammonia had been fixed in the soil and 
feed, and this had affected the flavor. Different 
States or localities produced cheese of different 
flavors. 
EDITED BY IIEN'BY S. RANDALL. LL. D 
ExEccTrvr. Committee Mekttwo. — The KxncnMvc 
Committee of the New York State Sheep Breeders* and 
Wool Growers’ Association will meet at the American 
Hotel, In Auburn, on Wednesday, February 2CIU, at 10 
o’clock A. M., to make arrangement* for }hc next State 
Sheep Fair. liBXBY H. Randall, /‘resident. 
H. D. L. Sweet, Secretary. 
THE SENATE TARIFF BILL, 
The Finance Committee of the United States 
Senate have reported a tariff bill, as an amend¬ 
ment to the Douse bill which passed last winter, 
embracing some Important changes in the pro¬ 
posed rate of duties. But no changes are made 
in the duties on wool, except In a single particu¬ 
lar. Woolen “flocks” is taken from the class 
which includes woolen rags, shoddy, mungo, 
-extract of wool and waste, on which the pro¬ 
posed duties are twelve cents a pound, and is 
put down to three cents a pound. There are a 
few slight alteratlona in the phraseology, but as 
a general thing the language is precisely the 
same with that -of the House bill, in regard to 
wools, as that bill was drawn up by the Wool 
Growers’ Committee last winter. The new 
classification of wools, and the. new mode of 
carrying that classification into effect, recom¬ 
mended by the latter, arc adopted entire in both 
the House and Senate bill, and in Mr. Wells’ 
form of a bill, so that it is probable they will be 
engraft ed into any wool tariff which receives the 
sanction of Congress. This is a material change 
from the present system, and it is hoped will 
prove a most beneficent one in potting an end to 
fraudulent invoices. It certainly will, If our cus¬ 
tom house appraisers and other officers possess 
decent intelligence and perform their duties with 
decent fidelity. 
We have heretofore published the wool clauses 
of the House bill, and as the Senate bill is offered 
as an amendment to it, we now give its corres¬ 
ponding portions: 
Sbc. 3. And be it further enacted, That in lion of 
-fbe do ties heretofore imposed by law (on the articles 
mentioned and embraced in this section,) there shall 
ho levied, collected and paid, on all unmanufactured 
wool, hair of the alpaca, goat, camel, and other ani¬ 
mals, imported from foreign countries, the, duties 
hereinafter provided. 
All wools, hair of the alpaca, gout, and other like 
animals, as aforesaid, shall be divided, for the purpose 
of fixing the duties to be charged thereon, Into three 
classes, to wit: 
Class i. - Clothing Tfoof*.- That is to say, merino, 
mestiza, mels, or metis wools, or other wools of me¬ 
rino blood, immediate or remote; Down clothing 
wools; and wools of like character, with any of the 
preceding, including such as have been heretofore 
usually imported into the United States from Buenos 
Ayres, New Zealand, Australia, Cape of Good Hope, 
Russia, Great Britain, Canada, and elsewhere, and 
also including all wooIh not- hereinafter described or 
designated in classes two and threo. 
Class 9.—Combing Wool *That is to say, Leices¬ 
ter, Cots wold, Lincolnshire, Down combiDg wools, 
Cauadn long wools, or other like combing wools, of 
English blood, and usually known by the terms here¬ 
in used; and also all hair of the alpaca, goat, and other 
like animals. 
Class 8. Carpel Wool* and Other Similar Wool*: 
Bach ns Pontkoi, native South American, Cordova, 
Talparaiso, native Smyrna, ami including also all 
such wools of like character as have been heretofore 
nsnally imported into the United States from Turkey, 
Greece, Egypt, Syria, and elsewhere 
For the purpose of carrying into effect the classifi¬ 
cation herein provided, a sufficient number of dis¬ 
tinctive samples of the various kinds of wool or hair 
embraced in each or the three classes above named, 
selected and prepared under the direction of the Sec¬ 
retary of the Treasury, and duly verified l>y him, (the 
standard samples being retained in the Treasury De¬ 
partment,) shall be deposited in t he custom-houses and 
elsewhere, as lie may direct, which samples shall be 
(used by the proper officers of the customs to deter¬ 
mine the classes above specified, to which alt import¬ 
ed wools belong. 
And upon wools of the first class, imported un¬ 
washed, the. value whereof, at the last port or place 
whence exported to the United Suites, excluding 
Charges in such port, shall be thirty-two cents or less 
-per pound, the duty shall be ten cents per pound, and 
in addition thereto ten per centum ad valorem; upon 
wools of the same class, (unwashed,) the value where¬ 
of at the last port or place whence exported to the 
United States, excluding charges in such port, shall 
exceed thirty-two cents per pound, the duty shall be 
twelve cents per pound, and, in addition thereto, ten 
per centum ad valorem. 
Upon wools of the second class, and upon all hair 
•of the alpaca, goat, (camel,) and other like animals, 
(and upon noils.) the value whereof at the last port or 
.place whence exported to the United States, excluding 
charges in such port, shall be thirty-two cents or less 
per pound, the duty shall ho ten eouts per pound, and. 
N. Y. State Ag. Societt.—T ho Annual Meeting of 
this Society will be held in Albany on the second 
Wednesday (13th) of February instant. 
To Correspondents. — Mauy valuable articles for 
onr practical departments have recently been received, 
and will be noticed or published ere long. Some will 
keep, and are filed accordingly; others will be given 
as soon ami fhst as we can find room for them. 
lXHVkNUlVYLK) I*/AM, YOUNG 001,1) DJtOP, 
wned by Messrs. Baker «5s Haukioan, Comstock’s Landing, N. Y., bred by Mr. Hammond 
of Vermont, and got by Gold Drop, by California, by Sweepstakes, etc-., (see Practical 
fcjheplierd, page 131.) His dam was by Sweepstakes. He is three years old past, has pro¬ 
duced u fleece of 22% pounds, and a scoured fleece of seven pounds and two ounces. 
Deferred.— In order to make, room for the pro¬ 
ceedings and discussions of the American Dairymen’s 
Association and Fruit Growers’ Society of Western 
N. Y., we are obliged to defer several articles intended 
for this number, and over a page of advertisements. 
Tin: Weather continues cold and tedious/" Quite 
a snow storm occurred on Sunday night, jnst a week 
later than tho one mentioned in our last. The earth 
is abundantly covered with the “ poor man’s manure,” 
(snow,) and the fleece is daily increasing in weight 
and thickness, 
bag, or package: and when bales of different qual¬ 
ities are embraced in the same invoice at the 
same price, whereby the average price shall be 
reduced more than ten per centum below the val¬ 
ue of the bale of the best quality, the value of the 
whole shall be appraised according to the value of the 
bale of the best, quality; and no bale, bag, or package 
shall be liable to a less rate of duty in consequence of 
being invoiced with wool of lower value: And pro¬ 
vided further, That the duty upon wool of the first 
class which shall be Imported washed shall be twice 
the amount of the duty to which it would be subjected 
if imported unwashed, and that the duty upon wool 
of all classes which shall be Imported scoured shall 
be three times the amount of the duty to which it 
would be subjected if Imported unwashed. 
On sheepskins (add Angora goatskins,) raw or un¬ 
manufactured, imported with the wool on, washed or 
unwashed, th<* duty shall be thirty per centum ad 
valorem ; and on woolen rags, shoddy, mungo, (ex 
tract of wool,) and waste, the duly shall be twelve 
Cents per pound; and on woolen flocks the duty shall 
be three cents per pound. 
We understand that the action of the Finance 
Committee on the above clauses was unanimous, 
and it is believed that the Senate will pass them. 
It is a significant fact that Senator Morgan of 
New York, who resides in the city of New York, 
and who bus often been claimed specially to rep¬ 
resent its commercial interests, favored those 
provisions in the Finance Committee (ol which 
he Is a member,) and we have bis own authority 
for saying tlmt lie favors their passage. It. can¬ 
not. hut be regarded as a good omen of success 
that we receive this important aid from the very 
headquarters of free trade,— and from a gentle¬ 
man of the ripest commercial and financial expe¬ 
rience. When such men as Senator Morgan 
and Senator Fessenden favor the passage of the 
wool tariff, it will be a good warrant to all but 
the advocates of free trade that tho claims of the 
wool growers have been just and moderate, and 
that they embrace nothing inconsistent with the 
true Interests of the great body of consumers. 
But wc again earncsly caution our brother wool 
growers not to suspend their exertiouB. The 
battle is notover. Combinations of disappointed 
interests may, and we fear will, very seriously en¬ 
danger the passage of the hill. Again we say, let 
letters, petitions, resolutions, <bc., continue to 
rain unon Congress. The soldier who rests on 
AMERICAN DAIRYMEN S ASSOCIATION 
SECOND ANNUAL MEETING.—DISCUSSIONS. 
State Historical Society of Wisconsin.— This 
highly flonrislung institution held its annual meeting 
•Tan. 3d. It appears by the annual report that its 
library, cabinet, portrait gallery, etc., already large, 
are rapidly increasing. Hon. Hknut 8. Randall of 
New York, who has been an honorary member for 
some years, was elected an honorary Vice President. 
Hon. Kzra Cornell of New York was elected hon¬ 
orary member at a meeting held Dec. 18th. 
We continue this week oar Report of the 
annual meeting of the American Dairyman’s 
Association and give a synopsis of some of the 
discussions. 
The question first brought up was, — Ought 
farmers to be taxed on the manufacture of 
cheese, and should not measures bo taken to 
have the Internal Revenue laws, or tho Commis¬ 
sioner’s decision in this regard, changed? Mr. 
E. G. Storms, Montgomery, opened the discus¬ 
sion by reading an essay. Ho contended that 
dairymen were more at the mercy of buyers and 
consumers than most other classes of producers. 
The product of the dairy cannot he held long on 
hand; It must be sold for what it will bring. 
A cheese is in Us prime at from one to four 
months old, according to tho state of tho weath¬ 
er ; after that lime it begins to deteriorate, and 
soon becomes too rank for the popular Li.-te. 
Whether a reduced temperature aud an air-tight 
varnish would maintain the flavor intact for a 
greater length of time, remains to be determined 
by experiment. Wc arc consequently compelled 
to sell or submit to inevitable loss by holding on. 
Then there is an annual depreciation of oar 
stock of about three dollars per head, and every 
dollar’s worth of cheese costs from 2f> to 80cents 1 
for hired help. The speaker had entertained 
hopes that the factory system would control the 
market, in a mousurc, by concentrating the 
business in fewer hands, and enable salesmen to 
get better prices; but the insane competition 
springing up among dairymen would defeat the 
object in view by multiplying factories to such 
an extent that concert of action will bo impossi¬ 
ble. Often there, are three or four factories 
where there Bhould be but one. The statement 
was made that by a decision from the proper de¬ 
partment the tax would not hereafter be assessed 
on dairymen ; but as each assistant assessor in¬ 
terprets the law to suit himself, in some districts 
it was collected and in others it was not. 
W. H. Comstock, Oneida, said it was orig¬ 
inally intended by the lramcrs of the act to 
exempt cheese from its operation, but tho Com¬ 
missioner had defeated this intent by his ruling. 
He moved that a Committee bo appointed to 
visit Washington for the purpose of getting the 
tax removed. The motion was garriod. 
The next question which was taken np was,— 
Is the branch factory system practicable, and is 
its adoption to be advised ? 
L. N. Brown, Otsego Co., said the first aud 
greatest objection to the original factory system 
is the expense and trouble of carrying milk long 
distances. He had, therefore, put into practical 
operation the plan of working the milk at differ¬ 
ent points, and drawing tho cheese together 
instead of drawing the milk. He erected cheap 
buildings, in size IB by 34 feet, and furnished 
them with all the apparatus of a nice factory, with 
ranges for holding twelve or fifteen cheeses — or 
a load—which, when made, wore immediately 
boxed and draw* to the curing house. The 
rennet, annott *nd bandages, were all prepared 
at the curing Iioesc aud sent with the teams 
when they went for tho cheese. The advantages 
ot this system are, first, it gets a large amount 
of cheese together by drawing the milk but a 
short distance; 6eeoud, as the milk is drawn but 
a short distance it is delivered early in the day, 
In many instances the 
Ayrshire Herd Book.—A Committee appointed by 
the ‘‘Association of Breeders of Thorough-Bred Neat 
Stock,,” to collect, and arrange Pedigrees of Ayrshire 
Cattle, request all breeders and owners of stock to 
send In fall pedigrees of each animal, with the fee of 
Fifty Gents each, that they may be registered in the 
second volume of their Herd Book, on or before the 
first of July next. Mr. J. N, Bagq of West Spring- 
field, .Mass., frvorably known In public agricul tural 
labors, has undertaken the editorship of the new Herd 
Book, to whom all letters should be addressed. 
About “ Official Organs.” — The President of 
the New England Ag’l Society, Dr. Geo. B. Lobing, 
having innocently designated tho Massachusetts 
Ploughman as the “ official organ ” of the Society 
hi Its communications with the public, gets a smart 
rapping over the knuckles therefor. The N. E. Fanner 
gays of the selection :—“ This is tho first instance in 
which the managers of any Society have openly 
avowed the principle of official patronogn." Tb< 
Boston Cultivator is equally pointed in its condemna¬ 
tion of the assumption of power—claiming that it is 
designed or calculated to advance the Interest of one 
journal at the expense of alt the other Agricultural 
papers in New England. The comparatively limited 
circulation of the favored journal is also mentioned. 
—With due deference to our respected contempo¬ 
raries, it strikes us that they are making “ much ado 
about, nothing” of importance. The same thing, sub¬ 
stantially, has been ,l did" aud doing in this State for 
years—for a journal of comparatively small circula¬ 
tion (one of the editors of which has long been a 
prominent officer of the State Ag. Society,) has a 
faculty of publishing various announcements, etc., 
in regard to the doings of our State Society before 
anybody else is advised of the great things that 
arc going to happen, And yet we never felt grieved 
about the matter, and the Rural" and the world gen¬ 
erally have kept right on. 
Pennsylvania State Wool Growers’ Associa¬ 
tion.— This Association met at Pittsburgh, Jan. lfi, 
the President, F. Julius Le Motnk, in the chair, J. 
McD. Glenn, Secretary. A committee consisting of 
Messrs. James Slocum of Fayette county: John N. 
McDonald, F. Patterson ami John S. Unwell of Wash¬ 
ington county, and Hugh Lee of Allegheny county, 
were appointed to prepare business for the Conven- 
t.on. This committee reported as follows : 
That it is of the first importance that the w»ol 
growers’ interest of onr country should have ample 
protection, and that the present tariff is wholly in¬ 
adequate for that purpose. The Association therefore 
respectfully but earnestly urges upon Congress the 
passage of the bill, on Wool auil Woolens, as passed 
by the lower House of Congress at its last cession. 
The Report, after full discussion, was unanimously 
adopted. On motion of J. McD. Glenn, the following 
additional resolution was unanimously adopted: 
lit solved, That believing free trade or a tariff which 
extends no protection to wool, would he ruinous to 
the best interests of the country, we pledge ourselves 
without distinction of parly, hereafter to support no 
person fur a Slate or National office, who is not 
heartily in favor of protecting American Industry. 
It was also Resolved. That a cony or the foregoing 
proceedings be forwarded to our Representatives and 
Senators in Congress. 
The following officers were elected for the ensuing 
year: I’rest.—Dr. F. Julius Lc Moyne of Washing¬ 
ton county. Vice-Crest*. — James Slocum, Fayette 
county; J. C. White, Tawn ncocounty; II. C. Tree, 
aud in better condition, 
difference of onohour in the time of the delive¬ 
ry of tho milk puts it in bud condition, so as to 
cause much difficulty in the manufacture. A 
third advantage is the facility with which the 
patron can obtain his share of the whey. By 
these advantages the speaker thought the per¬ 
manence of the factory system would be estab¬ 
lished, but he believed the day of drawing milk 
long distances is nearly over, and unless the 
branch system be adopted the large factories will 
break up into smaller ones, which will fail to be 
sufficiently profitable to stimulate individual en¬ 
terprise, and dairying would then be conducted 
much upon the old plan, and the average quality 
of American, cheese lowered. From a mile and 
a half to two miles is as far as it will be found 
and this dJstanco will 
Dating and Signing Letters.— Now correspond¬ 
ents are requested in all cases, in dating their letters, 
to give the name of their State, as well as post-office, 
for the former oftentimes canuot be made ont from 
the post mark; and, secondly, to sign their letters 
legibly. A signature in which several letters are only 
represented by angular marks all looking alike—called 
runmng hand— cannot, like a word in the body of the 
letter, be ascertained from the context; und capital 
letters distorted into unmeaning flourishes constitute 
riddles which require a vexatious, waste of time for 
their solution, and which arc often erroneously solved. 
feasible to draw milk, 
generally get together the milk of two or three 
hundred cows; this can be worked in one vat 
and by one baud, without any additional help. 
